The Stock Market Channel in the Monetary Policy Transmission Process

The growing number of empirical studies proves the existence of the negative relations between short-term interest rates and the stock prices. It points to permeability of the stock market channel in the monetary policy transmission process; it also proves the strength of the central bank instrument which makes it possible to react to disadvantageous turn of events on financial markets (by providing liquidity, easier access to credit or restoring investors’ trust), or to excessive enthusiasm of investors. This confirms the importance of monetary policy in economic policy and is an argument for more frequent use of monetary tools rather than fiscal tools to affect economy. It mainly corresponds to countries with high and/or growing – decade after decade – public debt, as well as with strong impact of the public finance sector on GDP which limits possibilities and development perspective of respective economies as well as lowers flexibility of fiscal policy and its feature of supporting economic processes that is needed not only in the context of shocks. It would be advised to return to actions that were observed before the financial crisis of 2008 in terms of integrating capital markets in Europe and to intensify them – not only due to obvious advantages of improved effectiveness and attractiveness of the European financial market, but also due to expected strengthening of the stock market channel in the monetary transmission policy process as well as the increased effect of monetary policy on economic processes and their effectiveness.

KANAŁ GIEŁDOWY W PROCESIE TRANSMISJI IMPULSÓW POLITYKI PIENIĘŻNEJ

Coraz liczniejsze badania empiryczne dowodzą istnienia negatywnego związku między krótkoterminowym oprocentowaniem a poziomem cen akcji. Wskazuje to na drożność kanału giełdowego w procesie transmisji polityki pieniężnej i dowodzi siły instrumentarium banku centralnego, przy którego pomocy ma on możliwość reagowania na niekorzystny rozwój wydarzeń na rynkach finansowych (przez dostarczanie płynności, ułatwienia w dostępie do kredytu czy przywrócenie zaufania inwestorów) albo na nadmierny entuzjazm inwestorów. Potwierdza to tym samym wagę polityki pieniężnej w polityce gospodarczej i stanowi argument na rzecz silniejszego wykorzystania pieniężnych narzędzi oddziaływania na gospodarkę kosztem fiskalnych. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza państw o wysokich i/lub rosnących z dekady na dekadę długach publicznych oraz silnej ingerencji sektora finansów publicznych w PKB, ograniczających możliwości i perspektywy rozwojowe ich gospodarek oraz obniżających elastyczność polityki fiskalnej i jej zdolność do wspierania procesów gospodarczych, potrzebną nie tylko w sytuacjach szoków. Należałoby więc powrócić do obserwowanych przed kryzysem finansowym z 2008 r. działań w kierunku integracji rynków kapitałowych w Europie i zintensyfikować je – nie tylko z uwagi na oczywiste korzyści w postaci poprawy efektywności i atrakcyjności europejskiego rynku finansowego, ale także z uwagi na oczekiwane dzięki temu wzmocnienie działania i znaczenia kanału giełdowego w procesie transmisji polityki pieniężnej, a tym samym wzrost siły oddziaływania polityki pieniężnej na przebieg procesów gospodarczych i poprawę skuteczności jej działania.

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