Problem polityczności jako metateoretyczne wyzwanie dla politologii

The paper presents a problem of the political in the context of relations between the theory of politics and the philosophy of politics. The main hypothesis is that the concept of the political caused that the theory of politics ceases to be the collection of generalizations from empirical research and is becoming rather a speculative and interpretative view on social and political reality. As a result political science is moving from analyzing the politics as a separated sphere of institutional power, towards the issue of the political on the social and even private level. The paper treats the concept of the political as an essentially contested (W.B. Gallie). As the result, it is not possible to build the unified theory of the political but it is possible to build the metatheory of the political, which allows understanding the core of this problem in several theories (e.g.: Ch. Mouffe, J. Rancière, C. Lefort, A. Heller). The paper also presents the most important among them and different aspects of the political (e.g.: politics versus the political; symbolical and real dimension of the political).