SPIS TREŚCI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WSTĘP

INTRODUCTION

The paper looks at the important subject of the sister city frameworks as part of China’s public diplomacy at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic (post-2020). The first part presents the concept of public diplomacy, with special focus on the role of provincial and municipal governments in China. Relations between the local Chinese governments and other local governments are seen as “having less political color” and, according to Chinese scholars, are more effective in transmitting the national image and discursive power in the P.R.C. The second part elaborates on the situation during the COVID-19 pandemic and argues that local governments in China have been using the Health Silk Road and Digital Silk Road as a vehicle of China’s public diplomacy. This section also includes a detailed analysis of the Chinese government’s plans and actions taken by the central authorities. After a general analysis, the authors present Sichuan and Guangdong provinces’ actions as a case study. The first case study examines Sichuan and Chengdu’s efforts to promote the Health Silk Road through the “mask of diplomacy,” in the second, the authors discuss actions undertaken by Guangdong province and the city of Guangzhou as part of the Digital Silk Road.

Solving BRI-related Disputes

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an international project involving many countries around the world. The economic development and the implementation of new infrastructural and investment projects have been giving rise to a growing number of cross-border disputes. To meet these challenges China has created specialized entities, competent to solve disputes arising from the BRI. The aim of this article is therefore to identify? the latest trends in this area and to assess whether the Chinese solutions and proposed dispute resolution methods will permanently change the global landscape.

Chinese Hybrid Management Model

The dynamic development of Chinese enterprises in the last two decades means that increasingly often, Chinese companies have been expanding their own specific corporate culture and management methods. The article discusses the differences in the attitudes of managers, business strategies as well as the Chinese definitions and visions of what an enterprise is to serve, what are its goals, strategies and forms of operation. In the article, we analyze Chinese and external – Western factors which influence the management and organization of work in China, arguing that the Chinese management model may be described as a hybrid, in view of the variety of sources on which its principles are based. The first part of the article deals with the philosophical foundations and management considerations in traditional China, referring to the main currents of the Chinese philosophical thought, Confucianism, Legism and Daoism. The second part describes the implications of Chinese philosophy in management; the practice of networking and how the characteristics of Chinese society affect corporate governance in China. Part three is devoted to human resources and to the way social needs of Chinese workers are met.The Chinese society is examined in the context of management. The last part of the article describes enterprises in the People’s Republic of China, their special relationship with the State and how it is understood in the context of management.

China is one of the very few countries in the world that managed to transform its online sphere both into a vibrant literary scene and into a tool of successful soft power. Some writers who represent the advent of online literature (wangluo wenxue) still enjoy best-selling and long-selling status. Despite that, the wide readership of such authors as Anni Baobei, Han Han or Murong Xuecun has not been followed by significant academic interest. This paper draws from the contribution made by Shao Yanjun to analyze whether the New-Style Literary Mechanisms (such as online literary forums) put forward by him shape textual features, and if so, whether these should be reflected in translation. The research combines literary criticism and translation theory perspectives to present some key features of Chinese Internet Literature by presenting an example of a popular short story authored by Anni Baobei Sisterhood (Qiyue yu Ansheng). The analysis of stylistic and linguistic characteristics of the translated excerpts is conducted from three perspectives: the specific text economy, unorthodox punctuation, and the attempt to recreate the mediatic realm of the source text conveyed inter alia through the approach to CSI (Culture-Specific Items). It is found that texts created under the new-style literary mechanism regime may influence the translation strategy and constitute the novelty of wangluo wenxue.

The article analyzes the relation between the individual and the family in traditional China in a historical and cultural context. It concludes that the family, besides being a source of material support, provides a sense of identity, which is obtained through the performance of family role ethics. The ethics consist in fulfilling one’s specific obligations, such as filial piety, obedience, responsibility for family members, etc. Through practicing them since childhood, individuals shape their personality in a way that enables them to participate in a hierarchical, patriarchal family structure and maintain harmonious relations with its members.

International Aspects of the “People’s Daily” Rhetoric during the 2019 Hong Kong Protests

The paper analyzes media coverage of Hong Kong’s anti-government protest movement triggered by the proposal of amendments to the extradition law in 2019 as presented in the “People’s Daily”, the main online English-language state media in the People’s Republic of China. This article focuses in particular on the analysis of the narrative related to the international aspects of the protests, i.e., on descriptions of foreign attempts to influence the internal affairs of Hong Kong and China, undermining the principle of “one country, two systems”, or attempts to conduct the so-called color revolution. The way the protests are presented in the “People’s Daily” is therefore interesting as an example of a narrative related to the protection of China’s territorial integrity and defense against foreign interference in China’s internal affairs, especially in the context of Beijing’s pursuit of the full unification of the country.

Anti-Japanese Resentments and Reactivist Nationalism in South Korea

Understanding the importance of Japan’s place in the South Korean nationalism helps to explain the causes of contemporary conflicts between Seoul and Tokyo. The power of the anti-Japanese resentments in South Korea can surprise outside observers who do not take into account the importance of nationalism. While everyday anti-Japanese resentments may go unnoticed, they are reproduced by “banal” nationalism. Due to this, they can be used for national mobilization at any time. This research examines South Korean nationalism based on anti- Japanese resentments, which can now be described as reactivist nationalism. This concept is proposed in our text to describe the change in the function of Korean nationalism based on anti-Japanese resentments while still putting Japan (or rather, a certain rhetorical vision of Japan as a colonizer) in the role of the Significant Other. Anti-Japanese resentments began to function as a means of mobilizing the nation in response not only to Japanese actions, seen as provocations, but also to express the people’s dissatisfaction with their own government (by linking authoritarian rule with the legacy of the colonial period). Understanding the role of anti-Japanese resentment is a key to assessing South Korea’s decisions, both domestically and internationally.

Legal Protection of Cultural Heritage in Japan – an Overview

The authors of this article undertake a general discussion of the legal protection of Japan’s cultural heritage. They begin their reflection with the issue of comparative legal studies, treating it as a determinant of the direction and scope of legal analysis of the cultural property protection in Japan. However, their main focus are three issues. These are: the history of legal protection of the cultural heritage against the background of the formation of modern Japanese law, the subject of protection and its categories according to the Japanese Act of 30 May 1950 on the Protection of Cultural Property, and the empirically significant aspect of conservation theory concerning the issue of the authenticity of a historic substance in relation to Japan. The authors end their analysis of the legal history of the protection of Japan’s cultural heritage with a discussion of the 1950 Law, which (amended) still remains in force. The curious practice of monuments conservation in Japan related to the understanding of the authenticity of a historic substance by the Japanese is addressed by the authors in the last part of the article.