Financial and Legal Responsibility of Local Government Bodies in Today’s Conditions

In the financial system of the state, law-making activity is built on an extensive system of constitutional principles, a wide range of market relations, effective legal regulation, because it is the synthesis of these legal concepts that allows for the implementation of effective and socially oriented state policy, since ensuring compliance with the principle of the rule of law remains a priority and fundamental principle state formation. This allows us to once again emphasize the importance and necessity of the state’s responsibility for ensuring compliance by officials and those authorized to perform the functions of the state before citizens, but this does not exclude the mutual responsibility of a person before the state and every citizen. Determining the definition of financial and legal responsibility is considered the most difficult and one of the most controversial in the modern legal system. The definition of the type of financial and legal responsibility as an independent element of financial and legal science is rather vague and controversial, which is associated with the impossibility of establishing a cause-and-effect relationship and establishing a financial and legal sanction. The primary task is the tort demarcation and legal definition of the delimitation of financial and legal responsibility separately from the general definition of legal responsibility, in particular administrative, because the system of current legislation contains conflicting and duplicating norms that create difficulties in law enforcement practice. The analysis of recent scientific works allows us to identify some problematic aspects of financial and legal responsibility that have not been sufficiently characterized and studied. Acquaintance with scientific publications from this direction allowed us to conclude that they relate to certain theoretical and practical aspects of financial and legal responsibility. The general theory of legal responsibility remains controversial and requires detailed research with the categorical legal apparatus, because at the moment there is no single principle of interpretation of such concepts as «legal responsibility», «offence», «sanction», only a partial correlation of legal sanctions and legal responsibility has been carried out.

REFERENCES:

• Andras, I., Mazzone, E., van Leeuwen, F.W.B., De Naeyer, G., van Oosterom, M.N., Beato, S., Buckle, T., O’Sullivan, S., van Leeuwen, P.J., Beulens, A., Crisan, N., D’Hondt, F., Schatteman, P., van Der Poel, H., Dell’Oglio, P., Mottrie, A. (2020). Artificial intelligence and robotics: a combination that is changing the operating room. World Journal of Urology, 38(10), pp. 2359–2366. DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-03037-6.
• Aruni, G., Amit, G., Dasgupta, P. (2018). New surgical robots on the horizon and the potential role of artificial intelligence. Investigative and Clinical Urology, 59(4). DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.4.221.
• Bhinder, B., Gilvary, C., Madhukar, N.S., Elemento, O. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Research and Precision Medicine. Cancer Discovery, 11(4), pp. 900–915. DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-0090.
• BIAŁA KSIĘGA w  sprawie sztucznej inteligencji Europejskie podejście do doskonałości i  zaufania. (2020). Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/political-guidelines-next-commission_pl.pdf.
  
• Chakravarty, K., Antontsev, V., Bundey, Y., Varshney, J. (2021). Driving success in personalized medicine through AI-enabled computational modeling. Drug Discovery Today, 26(6), pp. 1459–1465. DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.007.
• Davenport, T., Kalakota, R. (2019). The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthcare Journal, 6(2), pp. 94–98. DOI: 10.7861/futurehosp.6-2-94.
• Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka. (2013). Retrieved from: www.conventions.coe.int.
• He, J., Baxter, S.L., Xu, J., Xu, J., Zhou, X., Zhang, K. (2019). The practical implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine. Nature Medicine, 25(1), pp. 30–36. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0307-0.
• Jiang, F., Jiang, Y., Zhi, H., Dong, Y., Li, H., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Dong, Q., Shen, H., Wang, Y. (2017). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke and Vascular Neurology, 2(4), pp. 230–243. DOI: 10.1136/svn-2017-000101.
• Jiang, J., Ma, X., Ouyang, D., Williams, R.O. (2022). Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies Used in the Development of Solid Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics, 14(11), pp. 22–57. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112257.
• Karanasiou, A.P., Pinotsis, D.A. (2017). A study into the layers of automated decision-making: emergent normative and legal aspects of deep learning. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 31(2), pp. 170–187. DOI: 10.1080/13600869.2017.1298499.
• Karta Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej. (2010).
• Komunikat Komisji do Parlamentu Europejskiego, Rady Europejskiej, Europejskiego Komitetu Ekonomicznospołecznego i Komitetów Regionów: Sztuczna inteligencja dla Europy. (2018).
• Konkluzje prezydencji – Karta praw podstawowych w kontekście sztucznej inteligencji i  przemian cyfrowych. (2020).
• Leonelli, G.C. (2020). Acknowledging the centrality of the precautionary principle in judicial review of EU risk regulation: Why it matters. Common Market Law Review, 57(6), pp. 1773–1818. DOI: 10.54648/COLA2020767.
• Lysaght, T., Lim, H.Y., Xafis, V., Ngiam, K.Y. (2019). AI-Assisted Decision-making in Healthcare. Asian Bioethics Review, 11(3), pp. 299–314. DOI: 10.1007/s41649-019-00096-0.
• Makridakis, S. (2017). The forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society and firms. Futures, 90, pp. 46–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.006.
• McKinney, S.M., Sieniek, M., Godbole, V., Godwin, J., Antropova, N., Ashrafian, H., Back, T., Chesus, M., Corrado, G.S., Darzi, A., Etemadi, M., Garcia-Vicente, F., Gilbert, F.J., Halling-Brown, M., Hassabis, D., Jansen, S., Karthikesalingam, A., Kelly, C.J., King, D., Shetty, S. (2020). International evaluation of an AI system for breast cancer screening. Nature, 577(7788), pp. 89–94. DOI: 10.1038/ s41586-019-1799-6.
• Meurisch, C., Mühlhäuser, M. (2022). Data Protection in AI Services. ACM Computing Surveys, 54(2), pp. 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1145/3440754.
  
• Moore, A. (1994). Well-being: A  philosophical basis for health services. Health Care Analysis, 2(3), pp. 207–216. DOI: 10.1007/BF02251021.
• Nadzwyczajne posiedzenie Rady Europejskiej (1 i 2 października 2020 r.). (2020).
• Najjar, R. (2023). Redefining Radiology: A  Review of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medical Imaging. Diagnostics, 13(17), pp. 27–60. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172760.
• Perez-Pozuelo, I., Spathis, D., Clifton, E.A.D., Mascolo, C. (2021). Wearables, smartphones, and artificial intelligence for digital phenotyping and health. In: Digital Health (33–54). DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-820077-3.00003-1.
• Posiedzenie Rady Europejskiej (19 października 2017 r.) – Konkluzje. (2017).
• Rozporządzenie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (EU) w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych i w sprawie swobodnego przepływu takich danych oraz uchylenia dyrektywy 95/46/WE (ogólne rozporządzenie o ochronie danych). (2016).
• Rozporządzenie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie wyrobów medycznych. (2017).
• Rozporządzenie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady Ustanawiające Zharmonizowane Przepisy Dotyczące Sztucznej Inteligencji (Akt w Sprawie Sztucznej Inteligencji) i Niektóre Akty Ustawodawcze Unii. (2021). Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/political-guidelines-next-commission_en.pdf.
  
• Sprawozdanie na temat wpływu sztucznej Inteligencji, Internetu rzeczy i  robotyki na bezpieczeństwo i  odpowiedzialność. (2020). Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1787/ab757416-en.
  
• Traktat o Funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej. (2016).
• Van Kolfschooten, H. (n.d.). EU REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: CHALLENGES FOR PATIENTS’ RIGHTS. Retrieved from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3997366.