Nr 4(43)

Spis treści

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5-10
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: hso/43/hso43toc.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

historia slavorum occidentis hso

Użytkowanie konia na wczesnośredniowiecznym grodzie w Grzybowie w świetle źródeł archeologicznych

  • Author: Marcin Danielewski
  • Institution: UAM
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-2617
  • Author: Jacek Wrzesiński
  • Institution: emerytowany pracownik Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-6295
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 13-42
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240401
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4301.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

The use of the horse at the early medieval stronghold of Grzybowo in the light of archaeological sources

The stronghold in Grzybowo is one of the most important early Piast settlements with its origins dating back to 919–923. The construction of a powerful castle by the Piasts remains an object of consideration, given that they already used large strongholds in Giecz, Poznań, and Ostrów Lednicki in the centre of their domain. Grzybowo complemented these four sites, and soon (10th century) Gniezno followed suit. Perhaps the intention was to emphasise their dominion over the area, at the same time allocating specific strongholds to the family members to give them a sense of power. Among the numerous cultural materials recovered during the archaeological excavations are objects connected with the use of horses. Their skeletal remains have been separated in the archaeological material. In the early Middle Ages, the horse played an important military as well as cultural role. Historical sources suggest a significant role played by horses when travelling, in combat, and as the owner’s status symbol. The withers height of the Grzybowo horses suggests that they could have been high thus suitable for riding. The use of horses by the residents of the stronghold and the nearby settlements is supported by pieces of equestrian equipment, including fragments of horseshoes, and elements of bridles made of iron or antlers.

koń horse gród Grzybowo Early Middle Ages wczesne średniowiecze stronghold gospodarka economy

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Obyczajowość seksualna mieszkańców XII-wiecznej Rusi w świetle „Żywota Mojżesza Węgrzyna”

  • Author: Mariusz Bartnicki
  • Institution: UMCS
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-359X
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 43-65
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240402
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4302.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Sexuality of the inhabitants of 12th-century Ruthenia in the light of “The Life of (St) Moses the Hungarian”

As a research issue, sexuality of Ruthenians in the Middle Ages has not aroused special interest of medievalists. In historiography, considerations of the mentioned issue appeared marginally in works devoted to the institution of marriage, and in studies on the development of canon law. The aim of the article on „Sexuality of the inhabitants of 12th-century Ruthenia in the light of »The Life of (St) Moses the Hungarian«” is to analyse intimate life in Ruthenia in the pre-Mongol period in the light of „The Life of (St) Moses the Hungarian”. The juxtaposition of the mentioned hagiographic work with its plot almost entirely set in the context of sexual behaviour, with other Old Russian writings (both normative and narrative in nature) has led to a conclusion that Old Russian customs were not only the result of local tradition and the effect of adopting Byzantine legal norms, but that contacts with Latin Europe also played an important role. The close family affinities of the Rurikids with other European dynasties, the influx of people from the Latin cultural milieu into the local elite, were conducive to the persistence of phenomena considered in literature on the subject to be typical of the Latin culture.

obyczajowość Żywot św. Mojżesza Węgrzyna The Life of (St) Moses the Hungarian seksualność sexuality Ruthenia customs Ruś Kijowska

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Trzy trójapsydowe beztranseptowe bazyliki we wczesnopiastowskiej Polsce. Poszukiwanie źródła inspiracji

  • Author: Leszek Wetesko
  • Institution: UAM
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-5307
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 66-100
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240403
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4303.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Three three-apse transept-less basilicas in early Piast Poland. Searching for the source of the inspiration

When deciding on an architectural design for his project, the founder of a church could refer to quite a repertoire of models developed within Christianity over the centuries. Among them were more prestigious models and ones that enjoyed less recognition; those dating back to antiquity and those that developed quite recently. In the 2nd half of the 11th century, Casimir the Restorer and his son Bolesław founded the cathedral in Gniezno, and two Benedictine basilicas in Lubiń and Tyniec. They were built based on a plan of a transept-less three apse basilica. The builders of the Piast churches drew artistic models directly from the imperial architecture of the Rhineland, Lorraine and Saxony. The Benedictine monastic community played an important role in this process. Polish churches of that time are filled with quotations from their architecture. By combining an analysis of written sources with historical and artistic retrospection of the occurrence of this architectural model in Europe, the author attempts to determine where this type of architectural concept could have reached the Piast court around the mid-11th century and who could have been the intermediary in its transfer to Poland.

Ratyzbona beztranseptowa bazylika trójapsydowa katedra w Gnieźnie Regensburg a transept-less three-apse basilica the cathedral in Gniezno Bolesław Szczodry Bolesław II the Bold benedyktyni the Benedictines

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Późnoromańska krypta pod prezbiterium kościoła Dominikanów w Krakowie w świetle badań archeologiczno-architektonicznych

  • Author: Anna Bojęś-Białasik
  • Institution: UJ
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1676-5206
  • Author: Dariusz Niemiec
  • Institution: UJ
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-1144
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 101-152
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240404
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4304.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Late Romanesque crypt under the presbytery of the Dominican church in Krakow in the light of archaeological and architectural research

In 2010–2011, archaeological and architectural research was carried out in the crypt room located under the eastern part of the presbytery of the Dominican church in Krakow. The crypt is among atypical architectural solutions adopted in the earliest 13th-century churches of preachers. In fact, the only parallel (and highly presumed) structure may be a possible crypt reconstructed on the basis of an analysis of the differences in the usable levels of the chancel and nave, and the very residually preserved architectural elements that have been identified in the western part of the chancel of the Dominican church in Wrocław. Research on the crypt also made it possible to determine the mutual stratigraphic relations between the individual elements of the spatial system of the Dominican complex. The research results clearly showed that the crypt under the presbytery is not only the oldest element of the monastery’s spatial structure but also one of the first architectural structures in Krakow built from new building material, namely ceramic brick, in the second quarter of the 13th century. The research findings supported by historical sources also allowed to formulate hypotheses regarding the purpose of the crypt and its subsequent transformations.

krypta cegła romanizm kościół Dominikanów crypt brick Romanesque art Dominican church Krakow

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O okolicznościach powstania i wydania „Diadochosa” Bartosza Paprockiego

  • Author: Marian Wolski
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-9929
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 153-166
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240405
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4305.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

The circumstances of writing and publishing “Diadochos” by Bartłomiej Paprocki

In July 1602 in Prague, under the patronage of Emperor Rudolf II, Bartłomiej Paprocki published “Diadochos” , the greatest book written in exile, devoted to the history and nobility of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Paprocki’s experiences while preparing his work were similar to what he experienced while working in Poland. Intrigues by Czech elites to discredit Paprocki led to the withdrawal of the patronage in 1597. Among Paprocki’s opponents was Jiři Bořita of Martinice, the Supreme Chancellor of the Kingdom of Bohemia. After his death in 1598, the opportunities for Paprocki arose again. In 1600, the Archbishop of Prague, Zbyňek Berka of Dubé, suspended the publication of the first volume of the Czech Chronicle. Paprocki won him over by dedicating a work entitled “Ecclesia” to him. He dedicated similar texts to representatives of powerful Czech families to win their approval of his work.

Jiří Bořita z Martinic Bohuslav Balbín Jiří Bořita of Martinice Diadochos Bartłomiej Paprocki genealogy genealogia

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Mińskie Towarzystwo Rolnicze jako organizator pomocy żywnościowej dla ludności chłopskiej w latach 1907–1908

  • Author: Roman Jurkowski
  • Institution: UWM Olsztyn
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-0307
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 167-186
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240406
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4306.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

The Minsk Agricultural Society as an organizer of food aid for the rural population in 1907–1908

A crop failure in the Minsk governorate in 1906 caused famine in the districts of Barysaw, Mazyr, Pinsk, Rechytsa, and Slutsk. The article presents a little-known fragment of the history of the Minsk Agricultural Society from 1907–1908, when Polish landowners organized food aid for starving peasants. It was their own initiative, non-commercial, philanthropic, and independent from the state authorities. The landowners bought over 950 tons of rye in southern Russia and Siberia with their own money, transported it to the Minsk governorate and sold it to the peasants at purchase prices. For this purpose, they had to organize special committees dealing with the distribution of rye in the districts. The grain they supplied was cheaper and of better quality than grain imported by state institutions (zemstvo), therefore the peasants preferred to buy rye from the landowners’ committees. The food aid for peasants showed how well Polish landowners were organised and how effective this type of activity was.

chłopi gubernia mińska polscy ziemianie Mińskie Towarzystwo Rolnicze Minsk governorate Polish landowners Minsk Agricultural Society food żywność peasants

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Aktywność społeczno-kulturalna Polaków na terenie Marchii Granicznej (Grenzmark Posen Westpreusen) w latach 1933–1939

  • Author: Tomasz P. Nodzyński
  • Institution: UZ Zielona Góra
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-1681
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 187-210
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240407
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4307.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Social and cultural activity of Poles in the Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia (Grenzmark Posen Westpreusen) between 1933 and 1939

The article presents social and cultural activities taking place in the Frontier March of PosenWest Prussia (Grenzmark Posen-Westpreussen, Borderland) which operated between 1922 and 1938 in the first, short period of the existence of the Third German Reich – until the outbreak of World War II (1933–1939). The paper discusses the activities of various Polish organizations and institutions in the Nazi German state, including people’s banks, farming organizations, minority schools, scout troops, libraries, community centres, music institutions, and sports clubs. Although the Third Reich was a nationalist and totalitarian state, these organisations and institutions were allowed because the Third Reich pretended to be in good relations with the Republic of Poland. After the outbreak of the war between the two countries in September 1939, any separate socio-political and cultural activity of Poles in Germany, including the Borderland, was banned, and all the institutions and organisations presented in the article were dissolved.

lata 1933–1939 Marchia Graniczna – Pogranicze (Grenzmark Posen Westpreusen) aktywność społeczno-kulturalna 1933–1939 Frontier March of Posen – West Prussia (Grenzmark Posen Westpreussen) Social and cultural activity III Rzesza Polacy Third Reich Poles

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Wyzwania i perspektywy archeologii wspólnotowej w Polsce na kanwie książki „Archeologia wspólnotowa – poznając przeszłość, nie zapominając o teraźniejszości” pod redakcją Kornelii Kajdy, Dawida Kobiałki i Arkadiusza Marciniaka

  • Author: Magdalena Matczak
  • Institution: UMK, UAM
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-0036
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 213-231
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240408
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4308.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

The challenges and prospects of community archaeology in Poland based on the book „Community Archaeology – Learning About the Past, Not Forgetting About the Present” edited by Kornelia Kajda, Dawid Kobiałka, and Arkadiusz Marciniak

In the book described here, its authors address the issues of protecting and popularising archaeological heritage. With contributions from 14 authors across 10 chapters, the book discusses the theoretical aspects and examines Polish experiences of relations between archaeologists and local communities. The topics include depopulation of villages, reconciling with the heritage of former adversaries, and exhuming World War II mass graves. Long-term cooperation between archaeologists and communities started in Poland before the term „community archaeology” was coined. Community archaeology has a practical dimension for society, and can meet the challenges of the modern world. This is, after all, a story of its emergence as a science. Today, archaeology can address challenges such as economic problems by increasing archaeo-tourism; lack of attachment to the local heritage through education and raising awareness, especially in rural areas and the so-called Recovered Territories; and as therapy on an individual, local or national scale to recover from crises and work through difficult chapters of history.

historia archeologii archeologia publiczna history of archaeology public archaeology dziedzictwo heritage Polska Poland

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Raz jeszcze na temat „podwójnej” zbruczańskiej granicy, czyli odpowiedź na „List otwarty” Serhija Humennego, zamieszczony w HSO 2024, nr 2

  • Author: Piotr Olechowski
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach oraz Instytut Strat Wojennych im. Jana Karskiego
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4108-2682
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 232-244
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240409
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4309.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Once again on the “double” zbruch border, i.e. the answer to Serhiy Humenny’s “Open letter”, published in HSO 2024, No. 2

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Sprawozdanie z ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej pt. „Studencko-Doktorancki Kongres Dydaktyki Historii »Współczesne wyzwania edukacji historycznej«”, Poznań 9–10 V 2024 r.

  • Author: Jakub Nowocin
  • Institution: UAM
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1156-7408
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 247-252
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240410
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4310.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Report on a national academic conference entitled “Student-Doctoral Congress of History Didactics »Contemporary challenges of history education«”, Poznań 9–10 May 2024

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Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej Konfrontacje archeologiczno-historyczne – „W poszukiwaniu genezy Słowian”, Dziekanowice, 27–28 VI 2024 r.

  • Author: Robert T. Tomczak
  • Institution: Wydział Historii UAM
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9377-8505
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 253-255
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/hso240411
  • PDF: hso/43/hso4311.pdf
  • License: This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommons Attribution license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Report on an academic conference Archaeological and historical confrontations, “In search of the origins of the Slavs”, Dziekanowice, 27–28 June 2024

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