Contents
- Year of publication: 2015
- Source: Show
- Pages: 5-6
- DOI Address: -
- PDF: kie/110/kie110toc.pdf
The aim of this research is to evaluate the emotions that generate constructive and destructive strategies for coping in social conflict situations by adolescents. Studies based on C. Spielberger’s ThreeFactor Personality States and Traits Inventory (TISCO), adapted by K. Wrześniewski, and K. Thomas’ and R. Kilmann’s Conflict Resolution Style Questionnaire (CRSQ), adapted by T. Wach (Dąbrowski 1991), were used for the empirical study done in 2014 on students from Polish gymnasium schools in Vilnius. Adolescent students (131 girls and 126 boys) ranging from age 1315 years were chosen. Base on the analysis of the study material collected, one can say that adolescents applying destructive strategies in social conflict situations, demonstrate high level of negative emotions. Adolescents who constructively steer their behaviour in a social conflict situation are characterized with a higher level of positive emotions. The data from current studies suggests that youths using cooperation strategies in social conflict situations, exhibit higher emotional tension of curiosity, as a trait. Studies conducted show that during the age of adolescence, boys deal with emotionsactivating social conflict situations better than girls, as more often they seek mutual understanding with partners rather than resolving disputable issues.
Emotional Reactions Conflict Resolving Strategies Social Conflict Situation Gymnasium Youth gender differences Lithuania
The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the links between human health and the quality of life, referring to the period of the old age and aging. The starting point for the analysis was the systemic, holistic and salutogenetic approach to health as physical, mental, social, and spiritual wellbeing, the level of which is determined not only by the human biology but also lifestyle and factors in the living environment. The article shows that wellbeing, which is achieved, among other things, through an active lifestyle and good living conditions, is a category uniting health and the quality of life in the subjective and objective dimensions. Given the inevitability of involutional biological changes and social inequalities in the period of aging and the old age, it was recognized that pedagogical activities aimed at improving the quality of life of seniors are a part of the educational aspects of health promotion. The purpose of “education in the old age” is to free the health potential of senior citizens by stimulating their active lifestyle, which, however, requires education to prepare people for their old age.
living conditions wellbeing lifestyle old age quality of life health
Currently, quick and profound changes occur in the sphere of language. The reasons for this are frequent and longterm interactions of the contemporary teenagers with social media, such as: Facebook, My Space, Flickr, online computer games and virtual realities, such as Club Penguin, Second Life and the Sims; websites collecting videos and pictures, such as YouTube; blogs (e.g. blogger, microblogger, Twitter), as well as the use of mobile telephony and smartphones, namely mobile phones and pocket computers, including iPod touch – a multifunctional computer with access to the Internet or iPhone – being a combination of a mobile phone with an entertainment platform and online messenger, as well as email. The aforementioned media offer teenagers a place to meet and quickly communicate with each other, and this phenomenon is growing exponentially. Social media encourage to experiment with language in order for everyday language to better reflect reality. This results, to a great extent, in depletion of language of the youth, simplification and introduction of new codes. This article is an attempt to describe this “new” language of Polish and Korean youth, as well as answer the following questions: Do the analyzed changes threaten the Polish and Korean language identity and orthography? Have English phrases become a permanent code of communication between teenagers in the two countries?
social media language of Polish and Korean youth virtual cultural institutions semantics and syntax of language of the youth
Creating a state’s symbolic space is one of the most important competencies of the authorities. It manifests itself in, inter alia, establishing topographies of memory (organizing sites of memory), erecting monuments, appropriate naming of streets, squares, public institutions and organization of the calendar of holidays. Holidays and celebrations are a great tool for communication between the authorities and the citizens, and one of the basic elements of the historical politics system of a state. The aim of the present study is to show – on the case study of the Polish calendar of public holidays in the 20th and 21st centuries – the mechanisms and tools used by the government to build a proper historical narrative.
national holidays Historical politics symbolic space ritual symbolic culture
The contemporary world is full of threats. Their scale, variety and dynamics make single countries, especially those smaller and less wealthy, unable to prevent them. Also former leaders of world politics such as France and Great Britain find this harder and harder. That is why, among integrating European countries there appeared the idea of Common Security and Defence Policy. Its assumption was strenghtening cooperation in these spheres, coordination of positions or the creation of rapid reaction forces, which may lead to common defence. Bearing in mind the events happening just outside the EU (North Africa, Middle East, Ukraine) and inside the EU (Paris terrorist attacks in 2015) there is a question what assumptions have been accomplished? What can the EU do to protect its citizens? These are the issues the article deals with.
Corrida the toros is considered a symbol of Spain. Corrida as a spectacle similar to a theatre spectacle is subject to rules. All elements of the spectacle, stages as well as tools used during corrida fall under strict rules, the same applies to the costumes worn by “actors” taking part in the corrida. Traje de luces – a lucent costume, which next to the bull itself is regarded as the most recognisable symbol of corrida. Matador’s outfit is considered as a piece of art by ones, others will see it as a ostentatious costume. What is it in reality? The answer to this question is not easy and obvious. The delicate handwork and fivestar materials position the costume of the matador as a work of art; however, garish colouring and exaggerated embellishments seem rather gaudy. Traje de luces should be always considered in a wider context, because only in that case its symbolism and meaning can be actually interpreted. Outside the corrida de toros the bright costume of the matador is only a colourful outfit, however in its natural environment, that is on the arena, it gains a completely different meaning. In this article, I will introduce various points of view on the topic.
traje de luces costume of the matador art daub craft corrida de toros spectacle culture Spain
Altmetrics, as a new scientometric measure, shows the scholarly impact of a scientist and her/his social activity on social networking platforms. We analysed communication on ResearchGate within the group formed by Nicolaus Copernicus University different domains researchers. They share interest in information visualisation and form local collaboration team. We considered two compositions of research sample: the original team and the nearest collaborators. The common attributes of RG users such as coauthorship, skills set, topics, and ascribed domains were analysed. Based on these units, we carry out the sociographs to reveal social structure dynamics. Domain analysis was performed by the use of the PCA – the method which is able to extract the most essential factors from the variables set. The results indicate a good coincidence for these two approaches: collaboration between researchers and their skills development can significantly change their major. We strived to show that RG is a space of interdisciplinary training in building and identifying their own field research based on full text. Thus RG is a proper tool for crossdisciplinary qualitative analysis. Altmetrics and visualisation are mutually substituted and complemented devices, perceived as new tools for team science study. This requires, nevertheless, not only the use of appropriate tools, but also collecting a large dataset on global scientific activity within multidisciplinary groups.
altmetrics sociometrics social networks analysis science visualisation PCA
Development in computing resulted in creation of various communities devoted to nonformal computer science and engineering practices. The article examines Polish hackers, defined as a legal part of computer subcultures, and compares studies of hackers done abroad with findings from ethnography done in Poland. Applying actornetwork theory as a methodological framework, it also shows how hacking collectives contribute to ecologies of knowledge on different scales. This contributions, observed as various technological, scientific, or political actions, construct hackerspace as a trading zone. The paper also discusses problems with merging descriptions of hackers’ culture with ANT approach.
hackers actornetwork theory (ANT) trading zone ecology of knowledge science and technology studies
ICT have great educational potential. Research shows, however, that ICT are not widely incorporated into education. This situation is presented by the SCOT theory, which shows that teacher ratings of new ICT are consistently and invariably negative. We decided to verify how preservice teachers rate the ICT solutions and the consistency of their ratings. Results showed that preservice teachers are indeed relatively consistent and invariable in their ratings. Moreover, those ICT solutions that can be incorporated into the traditional educational model without requiring significant technological framework receive better ratings than those that deviate from this model by requiring significant need for implementation of technology to be used in the educational setting.
ICT preservice teachers SCOT theory techno-pedagogical approach TPACK
The aim of this paper is to describe a genre that is gaining importance in contemporary humanities, and especially in its areas devoted to digital media – the technical report. Technical reports are discussed as part of the larger trend of open notebook science. This form of communication draws from experiences worked out in the field of technology, computer science and science. In this understanding technical reports are a genre of gray literature, a form dedicated to communicating results of research projects conducted by laboratories. The case study discussed in this text is devoted to a series of technical reports from the MIT Trope Tank lab, which are interpreted in the light of a manifestotext for this form of communication, Beyond the Journal and the Blog. The Technical Report for Communication in the Humanities, published by Nick Montfort. One of the aims of the article is also to contextualize technical reports against the background of other forms and methods of communication in laboratories from the field of contemporary humanities (including blogs, brochures, lab notebooks).
technical reports digital humanities creative computing science communications the Trope Tank lab
MOOC is one of the forthcoming challenges of global higher education system. Development of education system cannot be considered without global trends. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) become more and more popular. Article focuses on analysis of case studies of the most important xMOOCs providers: Coursera, edX. Authors focuses their analysis on direction of the development of xMOOCs in higher education as well as on key barriers for further development of the model.
massive open online course MOOC xMOOCs elearning free online courses mobile learning
This article aims to trace the transformation, which the term “humanities” (“human sciences”) was subject to from the early modern era to modern times. Its scope is limited to an indication of some of the key turning points in the history of understanding of the humanities by the humanists themselves, and to an identification of key categories that define the humanities (they include: paideia, studia humanitatis, république des lettres, and Bildung). The arguments contained herein are to serve rather as a voice, a contribution to the debate over the “crisis of the humanities”, which has been conducted more and more intensively for at least several decades.
humanities humanitas studia humanitatis paideia Bildung république des lettres
The present article concerns the issue of transferring practices typical for the Internet hypertext onto the ground of TV media. Evolution of TV transfer is characterized by increasing tendency to “downlink” other places in the info-sphere, placing references to numerous previews, pointing out other sources. All this contributes to the fact that TV may be perceived as next - apart from the Internet - medium of network nature. A substantial part in this process is played by the celebrities, who constitute a kind of core, around which all remaining elements of medial network are arranged. However, the process of “networking” TV is far more than purely marketing strategy of creating the most attractive message possible. It constitutes the reflection of the way human brain works, which prefers the analysis of cut and separated, out-of-context messages to longer and more subtle ones.
Web 2.0 media tabloid celebrity hypertext net television internet
Metaphors are vital for medical practice and experience of illness. They enable negotiation of shared semantic space between physician’s and patient’s thought and language. For patients metaphors brighten difficult and abstract medical terminology regarding diagnosis, course of illness and therapy. They help attach shared meanings to body, health and illness. Metaphors also enable construction of the idea of what illness actually is, and thus they help in dealing with illness’ experience. It is due to the fact that metaphors enable expression of thoughts and feeling that are difficult to articulate: pain, suffering and fear of death. On the other hand, making use of metaphors may lead to misunderstanding and misinterpretation of reality. They may be a source of confusion, stereotypes and social exclusion. All in all, medical education should stress that medicine is not only a technē but also an art of interpretation in which metaphors are of key importance. Thus, this paper aims to describe main metaphors present in medical discourse: military metaphor, detective, terror, mechanic, (bio) informative, (bio)chemist, puzzle and riddle, economic, sport, ecologic, automobile, journey and dirt. I also describe some of metaphors present in genetic discourse: DNA as a text, code, information just as sacral and cartographic metaphors. My main thesis suggests, in opposition to Susan Sontag, that metaphors are vital to our understanding of illness and are essential for doctor - patient communication.
disease medicine metaphor medical education physician-patient communication Susan Sontag
The objective of this paper was to analyze the socio-cultural and personal reasons pivotal to the openness of the conflicting parties to a dialogue in the framework of family mediation. In the quest to answer the question what factors can influence the development of the family mediation in Poland and its acceptance both by the society and the families in conflict, the author presented the results of international and Polish research on the efficacy of the family mediation process and the readiness of the parties to use the mediation in family conflicts. Two theoretical concepts characterizing the socio-cultural origins of resistance to mediation were analyzed in detail, namely that of the social resistance proposed by B. Mayer and that of the moral resistance by R. Benjamin. Moreover, the paper addressed the issue of the promotion of mediation together with the unrealistic expectations as to what can be achieved through mediation, mythologization of mediation and dilemma connected with the neutrality of the mediator. Finally, an integrated systemic approach to family mediation was proposed, which could enhance the chances of acceptance of the mediation by the parties in conflict. In essence it is proposed that the promotion of mediation should be exercised on three levels: (1) general societal level (to promote the winwin solutions in family conflicts), (2) level of specific educational activities for the conflicted parties (e.g. organization of pre-mediation consultative meetings), and (3) level of specific actions targeted at various professional groups (e.g. judges, lawyers, probation officer, employees of the family support centres, etc).
family mediation resistance readiness efficacy promotion neutrality
This article provides an analysis of the category of spirituality found in the texts of classical pedagogues such as: J.J. Rousseau, J.H. Pestalozzi and J.F. Herbart. Spirituality appears in these texts in the sense of morality and its varieties such as the heart, the inner life, but also the mental horizon. This way of understanding spirituality traditionally has belonged to religious context and is particularly visible in herbartian pedagogy. In the texts of Rousseau and Pestalozzi there is a belief that institutionalized religion called to be representative of morality is not fulfilling its role properly. Therefore, they establish the higher instance of religion - noninstitutional, personal, internal, involving an independent search for meaning in life. What attracts particular attention is the fact that despite the high rank given to the thread of morality/spirituality by presented here authors, this issue remains the “fuzzy” concept and lacks of detailed indications as to the ways of its implementation. This ambiguity, which operates poetic language and the lack of specific references of a practical nature, seems to be one of the causes acting on behalf of the exclusion of spirituality from the educational impact. This analysis is the first stage of the theoretical description of spirituality, which in the field of pedagogy is very fragmented, ambiguous, and thus difficult to undergo pedagogical reflection. It is also a step towards “disenchantment” of the analyzed category, by which I mean the process of rational and critical overview of spirituality; this in turn paves the way for realizing the sense that I find in making the category of spirituality useful for pedagogy: undergoing reflection and being translated into educational practice.
Apart from methodology of science, Francis Bacon is usually associated with secularism. According to secular interpretations, Bacon’s major purpose was to substitute a political concept of hope for a Christian one by formulating an infallible researching method and depicting a political utopia based on scientific and technological achievements. Recently, however, scholars increasingly read Bacon’s works in the context of 16th and 17th century religious discourse. By evoking this new interpretational attitude, the article derives Bacon’s scientific ideas and the utopia from millenarian hopes. Millenarism is an eschatological doctrine according to which the salvation foretold in the Scriptures will have also an earthly, temporal dimension. Bacon interprets the Bible and historical events in order to prove that at the beginning of 17th century the prophecy included in the Book of Daniel and concerning the Kingdom of God on earth came into being. According to Bacon, there were four sings indicating the realisation of the prophecy: the reformation, geographical discoveries, the development of arts, and emerging of the British Empire.
Francis Bacon millenarism the Book of Daniel virtue of hope early modern idea of progress history of early modern Great Britain
An important objective of this article is to enrich the heritage of Polish education regarding knowledge of traditional purposes of education, especially the Taoist one. In addition, the author resolves the problem related to the occurrence of the main antinomy between Western pedagogy, which is individualistic and collectivist approaches in education, also visible in the Far East model of education. Main goal of this article is to enable a better understanding of the ideas and ideals of education contained in the Far Eastern philosophical and religious systems. The author is also looking for relationships and common education values in consideration currents Taoism and western directions pedagogy, in order to create a basis for dialogue and common understanding. By referring to the hermeneutic reconstruction and comparative studies, author represents the ideals of education in the mainstream of philosophical Taoism, as a true man - zhenren and related categories: dao, de, wuwei, pu and ziran. He analyzed the work assigned to Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi and other Taoists. The author also presents the ideals of mainstream education in the form of religious Taoism changsheng busi - physical immortality and neidan purposes, as well as Taoist principles of moral conduct. He takes into consideration the contribution of Li Shaojun, Wang Chunyang, Zhang Boduan and religious schools of Taoism. From the author’s research you can find out that the ideals of education Taoist both analyzed trends are often very similar, moreover - identical with the ideals of education in Mahayana Buddhism and have a lot in common with Western pedagogical directions. These are compounds with naturalism pedagogical, cultural pedagogy, psychology and pedagogy humanist Carl R. Rogers and other trends of humanistic education like Gestalt pedagogy, in addition to personalistic pedagogy and existential pedagogy, ecological pedagogy and many others. Author’s interpretation of Taoist ideals departs from previous positions, in which Taoism was rejecting the importance of the role of society in human development.
Far East religious and philosophical systems humanistic education culture pedagogy zhenren Zhuangzi Laozi Taoism ideal of education
Purpose of his article is to present to the reader the phenomenon of submitting somebody else’s MA thesis as one’s own. Based on author’s studies (experiment, in-depth interviews and content analysis) the most important characteristics of this “business” are described: terms of transactions, buyers and sellers characteristics, prices, seasonal, types of thesis and so on. In the second part of this article is presented the interpretation of the phenomenon contexted to Robert Merton’s functional theory. The theory helps to present selling and buying thesis as an innovative strategy in educational system, but at the same time dysfunctional. Not only a microsociological point of view is presented but also a broader context is described: anomy phenomena in Polish society.
Plagiarism anomy academic dishonesty Robert Merton’s functionalism contract cheating submitting somebody else’s MA thesis as one’s own
In context of current psychological and pedagogical works, pupils/students are treated as active „players” who are able to deal with unfavorable educational environment effectively. In response to that, they experience in schools or universities every day, they use different strategies of coping with formal and informal requirements. These strategies are one of the dimensions of the so-called hidden curriculum. The purpose of this article is - on the basis of the content’s analysis of the UJ pedagogy student essays - to reconstruct the students strategies of coping in university and its determinants. Studying at the university students gain an informal knowledge that pedagogy is a low social status field of studying, is not particularly forwardlooking, the education they obtain is incomplete. To increase their chances at the labor market, they are taking part in various forms of training, also outside of the university. This spontaneous activity gives them worldly wisdom, sense of agency, personal growth, developing self-confidence and a better future. The attractiveness of the so-called patchwork education weakens their interest in official knowledge and formal education. Students learn many negative coping strategies at the university. Their primary goal is to gain profits - graduation - while minimizing their time and commitment. Strategies used by them survival and „working an angle” are examples of violations of the law, teach instrumental approach to: knowledge, teachers or peers. The results of the research showed that these strategies have demoralizing effect on other students, reducing their motivation and academic ambitions. A number of the strategies referred to in the paper disclose different dimensions of bogus student life and undermine various myths concerning the centuries-old mission of the university.
student coping strategies at university student of pedagogy hidden curriculum
This paper highlights the main issues concerned with competences necessary for the documentary film reception. The main purpose of this article is to investigate pedagogy students’ (specialization: social-cultural animation) understanding of documentary films on the basis of their narration and to define the basic competences in film understanding. According to the thesis, competences for proper film reception require general knowledge which enables individuals to make choices, understanding conventions, contexts and interdependences. Research focuses on the reception of Polish documentary films created before the political changes in 1989. The analysis of results and final conclusions are based on Umberto Eco’s and Francesco Casetti’s theoretical concept of the text assumptions. The study has confirmed assumptions presented above and justified the following conclusion: documentary film is a text based on the specific competence of the spectator but also contributes to the formation of certain competence. The film text makes the spectator capable of actualizing the various meaning-contents and the role of the spectator is to update his knowledge while receiving documentary film. The textual cooperation gives the spectator an essential role in the process of creating meaning.
The article presents such topics as: presence and absence of pupils body in Polish educational practice. Michel Foucault works and especially “biopower” and discipline concept is a theoretical background of the text. Michel Foucault didn’t analyze system of education in a wide sense; however a lot of his ideas were illustrated by educational examples (connected with mechanisms presented in military secondary schools or Jesuits’ boarding schools). This text presents different educational context. It is focused on young people (under the age of 35) memories connected with their own educational background in Poland, in non-religious public schools (3 of responders were pupils of sport-schools). The article presents results of the quantitative survey (in a group of 101 people). Survey contained open and closed questions focused on: presence of “body” as a topic of classes, attitude toward body of the pupil, mechanisms of shaping pupil’s body and connection between them and ideas of the “class order”. Article presents retrospective graduated pupils point of view on their school experiences connected with direct and indirect strategies of shaping pupils’ body in such context as space and time of education.
discipline pupil’s body shaping the body image of the pupil Michel Foucault
One of the advertising strategies is the use of names of their own. The name is given to products or to the characters of commercials. The name Basia is especially operated in Polish commercials. This article assumes that the popularity of this name is conducted beyond its semantic, denotative meaning and is result of emotive associations. The sound symbolism, the infant/child-directed speech and connotative meaning were used to analysis the Basia’s “commercial potency”. It was established, that every of these phenomena was assigned to another level of lingual organization - from phonological to pragmatic - and has a specific impact into evoking the positive associations to neutral objects, which are signed by lingual symbol, which initiates pleasant feelings.
Commercial levels of language organization sound symbolism infant/child-directed speech denotative meaning connotation
The aim of the article is to present some aesthetic and ideological relationships between different cultural texts - the painting of Józef Chełmoński entitled Babie lato (Indian Summer, 1875) and its poetic ekphrasis with the same title written by Michalina Chełmońska-Szczepankowka (1937). The article describes cultural axiology and poetic sense of the perception of the painting which focuses on the visual theme of Indian summer. The presented interpretation demonstrates that the ideological message of the poem comprises the symbols of the Indian summer inspired by the poetics of the painting, namely praise of freedom, imagination and creative artistic thrust, which people derive directly from both the beauty of their native land and the truth about the order of life imposed by the natural law of the motherland, irrespective of its social and economic situation as well as its historical conditions.
values, realistic painting symbols ekphrasis axiology poems for children children’s and youth literature Michalina Chełmońska-Szczepankowska Józef Chełmoński
The article is an aftermath of the conference Gender Unwelcomed? Sociocultural Dimension of Sex and Gender in the Private and Public Sphere organised on the 4th day of December, 2014 by the Institute of Sociology, University of Wrocław. The first part of the article introduces the specifity of the notion of gender as it functions in the social sciences, whereas the second part presents ideological outlines of using this notion in the modern public discourse. Last but not least, the third part of the article provides information on the assumptions and theoretical scope of the conference.
The distinction between sex and gender can be detailed by distinguishing several levels of biological sex and social gender: genetic or chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, hormonal sex, internal and external morphologic sex, phenotypic sex, assigned sex, gender of rearing, gender identity. Untypical modification on first four levels (during sex differentiation and brain programming of fetus, and at puberty) results in intersex newborns, transgender and other non-normative people. They are clear examples of fluidity of the biological sex and they question the idea of two „natural” sexes (nature turns out to be diverse and fluid). The fluidity thesis matches the social construction thesis, for instance, Judith Butler’s performative theory of gender. According to it, gender is created by a series of performative acts: words, gestures, outfits, make-up, hair-dressing etc. The analysis of many levels of sex differentiation process leads to conclusion that femininity and masculinity are two ideal types, and that biological sex is a matter of degree (one can be more or less female/male but there is no sharp distinction between the two) and sometimes indeterminate (intersexes, transgender people). The paper is a contribution to integrating recent biological findings about sex differentiation process with recent social theories about construction of gender.
social construction of gender biological process of sex differentiation transgender people intersexes sex gender
In every society, there is socially constructed dominant, highly valued, and eagerly gratified model of sexuality of men and women which could be named gender grata. Gender non grata means all that stays in opposition to the main stream, widely legitimized sexual behaviour. The extremum of gender non grata seems to change. It depends on complex social dynamics rooted in religion, science, various groups of interests, and engagement of moral crusaders. Some time ago, this extremum was represented by masturbation; currently, pathological epicenter is occupied by pedophilia. This phenomenon can be placed and analyzed within various frames of reference. The one used in this article is labeled as moral panic.
Researchers underline, that one of the characteristics of poverty, especially nowadays, is its different perception by men and women. This observation is result of changes in research approach to poverty, which focus now on differences between groups, not on poverty en block. As research shows, women are not only more at risk of entering the sphere of poverty, but also carry a heavier burden and larger responsibility for coping with it (living in poverty and exiting poverty). Such a situation is related to social definitions and images of proper/desired social practices that are attributed to women experiencing poverty. In this article, basing mostly on materials and analyses from the project “Discourses of poverty and social exclusion”, I intend to show how the role of women living in poverty is discoursively constructed, what is their image in society, what are the social expectations. I am focusing on the discourse created by the social actors who are responsible for supporting women in coping with poverty (representatives of social welfare centres and NGOs). Social actors opinions are important, because their image of women living in poverty is a base, to create programs and offerts.
The paper adresses the question of how sex/gender is understood within the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church and to what extend it recognizes the category of gender. The objects of the analysis are the teaching of the Roman Curia as well as the documents of the local Church in Poland and statements of Polish bishops from 2013 - 2014. The results of qualitative research conducted among diocesan priests of the Archdiocese of Krakow in 2007 are treated as complementary data. The Church uses the notion of sex that is naturalistic, essentialist, binary and based on the complementarity of sexes. Although the Church does not reduce the notion of sex to the biological aspects, nevertheless the interpretation of gender as social construction is limited. The category of gender has been frequently criticized as ideological by the local Church in Poland and by the Roman Curia. The ahistorical category of sex, present in the discourse of the Roman Catholic Church and in the perceptions of its representatives - priests, petrifies the present gender contract.
James S. Coleman proposed the power of a collectivity to act as a measure of the ease with which the individual interests of one member can be transformed into the collective action of a voting body, or into decisions being undertaken by that body which go against the interests of the voters. It was also to be applied in simple voting games, for which the vote threshold was set at a lower level than the majority of votes. Coleman based his model for determining the power of a collectivity to act on the classical definition of probability. In practice, the index is calculated as a quotient of the number of winning coalitions and of all possible coalitions which can be formed by the players – under the existing voting rule. The central hypothesis of the article has as its premise that in proper, simple nperson voting games the Coleman index does not determine passage probability, but only the probability of drawing a winning coalition from the set of all possible combinations of members of the voting body. A new index has also been proposed which should serve to determine a collectivity’s power to act.
the power of a collectivity to act voting power power indices power of a voting body
William James’s philosophy has been treated as relativistic and sceptical, as a distortion of truth and rationality. In that way a lot of important elements crucial for understanding his philosophy have been overlooked. However, according to James, our cognition is not relativistic, because there is no room in his philosophy for a traditionally understood dichotomy between a knowing subject and a perceived object. We are all plunged into the stream of experience, and it is in it that we can find an overall picture of our world and our reality. We participate in the plurality of phenomena; we are surrounded by the plurality of things. Our world is continuous, and therefore it is continuously in the process of creation. In short, for James, the world is not a subjective construct created by human beings and his epistemology is closely related to his metaphysics to the point at which it is difficult to consider the distinction between the two. To present these crucial aspects of William James’s philosophy in the most meticulous way possible, this essay, will try to clear up doubts concerning James’s concept of Radical Empiricism, truth, and his understanding of pluralism, as well as the categories of synechism and tychism.
My paper aims to sketch the current condition as well as main challenges of the Polish feminist movement after 1989. It focuses on how gender and women’s issues are approached and conceptualised in Poland today. The paper is enriched by a short outline of history of Polish women struggle for equal rights in especially political and economic dimensions. Importance of commemoration and acknowledgment of history of Polish women struggle is seen as crucial to post-1989 Polish reality in which terms such as democracy, freedom, equality, justice had to be re-invented/re-defined.
social changes democracy equality post-1989 Poland public sphere gender
The purpose of this article is to look closer at the educational system in Finland and to consider it in terms of its educational success. It analyses historical aspects, teaching methods, cooperation between family and school, the material status. These considerations will be enriched by the practical experience gained during a study visit to Jyväskylä College of Education, a vocational secondary school in Jyvaskyla.
Education school Finland parent-school relations teaching methods
Nowadays, there is a growing need for reflection on the role of drama therapy workshops because of an immense interest in art therapy in general in social or psycho-pedagogical work aimed to support the development of social abilities, in particular communications skills. Therapeutic aspects of art are connected with its impact on psyche, and thus the intensification of specific cognitive, emotional and motivational processes. This paper emphasises personal growth of the participant in relation with a group. In workshop activities, especially during improvisation, the ability to undertake and strengthen positive relations is developing. Reorganization and integration of participants’ attitudes, resulting in better interpersonal relationships, are shown to occur during drama therapy workshops. New attitudes or acquired skills may become for many of them an encouragement to further explorations, an indication of a framework for increased engagement in social interactions.
change and development communication dialogue improvisation social skills workshop drama therapy
The hallmark of French thinker undoubtedly is worthy of critical attention. To make this task feasible, the paper focuses not on the secondary literature, but on Bourdieu’s work itself. Thanks to what follows, one is able to establish whether the conception of various capitals stands up to analytical scrutiny. And an outcome of this examination has even broader relevanceBourdieu is the most prolific exponent of an entire trend, much in vogue in social science recently. It would be difficult to indicate a field of inquiry in which this or that unorthodox, extra-economic concept of capital has not been deployed as a research tool. The result of this critical analysis are not encouraging; Bourdieu’s framework is plagued by economism or economic imperialism, and suffers from other limitations as well.
Bourdieu cultural capital social capital capital economic imperialism
The ageing of European societies ensues, above all, from adverse demographic trends; it also becomes a cause of many disturbing phenomena involving marginalization, decreased social participation, professional and educational activity. There is increasing concern about the need to create a social capital for development. This paper will present data in regard to the situation of senior citizens in Poland and Europe. The material is based on the reports published by the European Committee and country strategy papers.
Information and communication technologies impact many aspects of the contemporary political life. A consequence of the use of ICT in politics is undoubtedly the evolution of democratic institutions and procedures. Modern technologies find their application as tools for exercising democratic power. This is why their importance is constantly increasing. The changes that follow application of ICT and their consequences are especially interesting subject to study and research. This article aims at answering the question how modern technologies (mainly the Internet) affect the processes of contemporary democracy and what might be the consequences of such changes. The deliberations shall concern the context of political market, where three processes between three main actors (politicians/political institutions, electorate, and the media) occur: informing, communicating, and voting. ICT influence these processes by quickening supplementing, and facilitating three various types of activities: sharing information, involvement in the political debate, and participation in the political decisionmaking processes. In the article, the author also pays attention to election silence as a phenomena functioning in the background of elections (which are a very significant element of the political market). Examples provided in the article come mainly from the practises and experiences of the Polish political life.
information and communication technologies internet politics political market political communication e-voting election silence
The article presents the sociological aspect of the empirical research carried out among students of Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra in Slovakia, the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Seul in South Korea and among students of the University of Silesia in Katowice, concerning their opinion on family life in the contemporary society and their preferred life model. The research was conducted on a research sample of 1341 students. The main research tool used during the research was a questionnaire containing 43 questions. The collected data were statistically analyzed in the program SPSS. The analysis of the conducted research shows a dissonance between the preferred life model and the significance of family life. Generally, most respondents preferred marriage as a type of relationship for the future, while claiming that family life is less and less important.
Communication is a means of sending and receiving information. Communication processes are used for receiving, keeping, processing and sending information. The receiver of information can be a human, any living being or a piece of material-technical equipment, for instance a computer. There are several types of communication: a) communication in the human society; b) communication among animals (birds); c) communication between technical and mechanical equipment. Besides, we can distinguish other types of communication, including: communication between humans and animals and communication between humans and technical equipment.
speech addressee addresser non-verbal verbal language communication
Education, in particular tertiary education, as the main “tool” in forming a person intellectually, has always been among the scope of interest of the country’s politics. In the old days, universities were considered as the place where one could get accumulated knowledge and graduates were simply “carriers” of that knowledge. In the modern society, universities are seen as having power to influence the socio-political development of a country. A modern educated person is intelligent enough to have an individual outlook on things or events. It is very hard to change an intellectual’s mind about something he/she does not believe. If a person is educated, he/ she can and will be engaged in political matters, social life or contribute greatly to the development of the country’s better future. Enquiries proved that a person’s level of intelligence is directly connected with his/her political participation and voting behavior, as well as social interaction. The Bologna Process has helped the Georgian higher education system in its transitional period. Owing to this process, Georgia managed to effectively change the education system from a centralized Soviet system to a modern, democratic system. Launching mobility projects, diploma recognition, and quality enhancement projects played a great role in the development of the Georgian modern society and in forming their national as well as pro-European attitude.
higher education socio-political development changes in Georgian higher education institutions socially and politically active society
Article addresses the problem of child’s and the educational system’s readiness to start school by children six years old. It is a proposition of different approach to this problem and recognizing school readiness in a double perspective, as ‘the readiness (of the child) to school’ and ‘readiness of the school (for a child)’. It gives an opportunity to take into account a broad range of factors involved in the process leading to effective support of the child in the education system and support of the education system. The text is also a proposal to change the way of leading public debate on education and reducing of school age. It introduces the concept of ‘discourse of quality’ and ‘iscourse of meaning making’ as an alternative which allows consideration of different points of view and striving for mutual understanding. It also introduces a proposal to adopt a theoretical framework for analyzing the readiness of state, society, institutions, families, and the childe for mutual interactions. The aim of these interactions is to increase the effectiveness in realizing both, personal and social goals. The purpose of this article is an attempt to leave the vicious circle of ‘discourse of quality’, which in current, Polish reality, underlies growing social divisions and conflicts between ‘followers’ of different approaches to childhood, upbringing and education. It is a proposal to adopt such perspective to analysis of the problem, which can be a basis for planning practical solutions in the sphere of public debate and planning activities within the ‘child - institution’ system.
dynamic systems educational system’s readiness child’s readiness discourse of meaning making discourse of quality
The article presents problem of social difference and the related mechanisms of exclusion. The paper shows the process how the difference needed in the world is born inequality, discrimination, human suffering, often as unwanted and unintended consequences of group processes. The factor differentiating way to experience the social difference and forms of engagement in reality, is the human identity. The text presents the arguments in favor of the thesis that the difference does not necessarily lead to inequality, and a key role in this process is the identity of the man, with his basic need of recognition. Educational activities are considered an important factor in institutional support in this process. Also shows the process of individualization (the problem of individualism) in the social world as an essential factor in the offending unfavorable balance between an inclusion and social exclusion.
The article deals with one of the types of the Polish contemporary theatre - the theatre of artistic experiments which, in spite of its niche character, has a fundamental importance for the Polish culture and is one of its major foreign ambassadors. The author has attempted to give an overview of this kind of theatre by classifying different sorts of experimental practices undertaken by Polish theatre artists in their work, including examples from recent productions of the most renowned of them. The diversity of the theatre life in our country coupled with its permanent development as well as the limited size of this article, the methodology adopted and the inevitable subjectivity with regard to the analyzed phenomenon have led to this classification being not entirely complete and absolutely scientifically objective. Instead, it shall be treated merely as a starting point for a comprehensive research in this subject matter.
theatrical praxis theatric avantgarde theatrical direction artistic explorations experimental art contemporary theatrem
Constructivism is one of the most popular and fastest growing paradigm in recent pedagogy. The fundamental assumption of constructivism is the thesis that knowledge is always and with necessity human construction. All knowledge about the world around us is the result of our experience. Of course, there are many forms of constructivism, although the Polish educational literature generally mentions two faces of constructivism: the personal (inspired by Piaget’s psychology) and the social (based on the psychology of Vygotski). It appears that radical constructivism has not been given proper discussion in Polish pedagogy. This theory, what is important, is the most famous and important kind of constructivism because of its epistemological and educational assumptions and consequences. Therefore in this article I want to achieve two goals: 1) to present the principal assumptions and the thesis of radical constructivism as articulated by Ernst von Glasersfeld; 2) to discuss selected controversies that this model of knowledge and learning has brought about.
epistemology philosophy of education theory of learning knowledge Ernst von Glasersfeld radical constructivism
The paper is an analysis of The Childhood of Jesus by J.M. Coetzee as seen from the perspective of cultural studies. Treated as a document of culture, it depicts recent changes in Western civilization, particularly in such spheres as religion as and philosophy (specifically axiology and epistemology). The pseudoapocryphal character of Coetzee’s novel provokes one to giving consideration to the attitude western culture has towards its own roots and towards the role the source myths and religious symbols play in it, that is to the shape of the cultural identity of contemporary West. The picture which emerges from the analysis is a culture threatened with ‘amnesia’. It is, however, a erverse picture since it has been painted with the use of the symbol which is “present in absence”.
The development of quantum physics and formulation of complementarity and uncertainty principles gave rise to numerous interpretational problems. For the first time microworld laws were formulated in probabilistic rather than deterministic language. In the philosophy of nature there was a need for revision of views on realism, determinism, reductionism and the role of the observer in the conduct of research. However the question whether the perceived boundaries of knowledge are the result of the nature essence or of actual cognitive abilities remains open. In the social sciences, after years of dispute about the research methodology, the need for a complementary use of quantitative and qualitative approaches has been accepted. Qualitative researchers, however, continue to criticize legitimacy of quantitative research. At the same time the assumptions of qualitative approach build on neo-positivist interpretation already outdated in the light of naturalists new discoveries. The article aims to demonstrate that the changes that have taken place in the theory of knowledge as a result of naturalists discoveries lead to convergence between the two research approaches. Taking into account these changes will end the polemic with assumptions already outdated in the natural sciences.
holism realism indeterminism methodology complementarity pedagogics
The paper presents the theoretical hypotheses and research results conducted with the use of Transition from Education to Work Scale. Basing on the analysis of particular theories regarding the transition from education to work as well as selfdevelopment theory it has been noted that assumption of employment by graduates does not solely depend on labor market condition and their academic achievements but also on the level of identity development and appropriate assessment of one’s own skills and abilities. From the assumed perspective the transition from education to work is a long lasting and complex developmental task where accurate and thorough self assessment skills and readiness to achieve compromises between expectations and possibilities related to career development are of crucial importance.
psychology identity development sense of self-efficacy transition from school to work
The article discusses the adequacy of using the ERIH lists (the European Reference Index for the Humanities) as a tool for categorizing the scientific units in Poland in 2013. Our study examines the international range of journals in which Polish humanists published their texts in 20092012. We examine the published articles through the category of an evaluated item (the indicator used in the Polish categorization of scientific units). The analyzed journals (N = 4274) were indexed on the C part of the Polish „List of Evaluated Journals” which is based on the ERIH lists. We divide journals into two categories: (1) journals (N = 620) with at least 1 publication taken into account in the categorization (128 Polish journals and 492 published outside of Poland), (2) journals (N = 3654) in which there were no publications from the Polish scientific units and no evaluated items. We found 7724 evaluated items which were attributed to the ERIH lists: 75.18% of these items were connected with articles published in the Polish journals which have a national range; 24.12% of these came from 10 Polish journals. Our findings show that the ERIH lists are not appropriate for assessing the internationalization of publications in the categorization of scientific units.
European Reference Index for the Humanities ERIH scientific journals categorization of scientific units scientometrics
Attitude to Marriage as a Relationship Formalization Questionnaire was designed to study the dynamically changing forms of modern family. Article presents the most important demographical and social trends concerning marriage in Poland, which justify the need to create standardized tool for studies on attitude of young people towards marriage. Final version of the questionnaire consists of 42 statements, which comprise three scales of attitude toward marriage as: sense of happiness and belonging; relationship formalization and sense of safety; a result of actions resulting from internalized social and religious norms. Questionnaire has high psychometric values and can be used in studies of people aged 16-30. It can be applied in psychological, demographical, sociological or economic research.
Controversial religious groups are a phenomenon accompanying the man for a long time. Fascinate, captivate, reflect, inspire. Despite the existence of several works on the unique issues and research related to it constantly raises questions and concerns that are difficult to dispel, for which there is no clear and simple answers. This publication is the result of the author’s thoughts, her personal perspective on this interesting part of social reality. Attention was focused on a few issues which seem to be leading. Firstly, on the possibility of mutual replacing dates sect - controversial religious group. Secondly, on classifying phenomena which are taking place on rich, religious stage. Thirdly, on effects of the stay in groups stirring up controversy, including the use of their unethical practices - the brainwashing and the mind control. The last, fourth dilemma is correlating with the accessibility to forms of this type, rather hermetic of the community and the attitude presented towards them by the researcher which ultimately affect the test result. The article doesn’t exhaust the issues and indeed it can be treated, for the invitation to dialogue, exchanges of the opinions, effects that are essential to the development of science.
sect a controversial religious group the sacred mind control pathology
The article focuses on the analysis of the functioning of the category of the dimension of memory and psychological perception of time by a person suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type. Our observations were related to the theoretical understanding of psychology researchers memory, psychological perception of time and neuropsychologists. Moving away from a clinical study for the analysis of expression resulting in interaction with investigating, while the participant conversation here is aware of the procedure. This research methodology allows us to grasp the dynamics of changes in the behavior of the test and explore the essence of co-occurring in this type of dementia, cognitive and language. In the first part of the approximate sketch is necessary to understand the practical part, the terminology concerning the psychology of memory, temporal horizon of human rights and basic definitions and assumptions Medical on Alzheimer’s. As part of the empirical analysis of the material shows that due to the disintegration of autobiographical memory adult has difficulty organizing his own experiences and events. As a result, systematically loses the ability to plan for the future, both the distant, perspective, and the next.
Alzheimer disease psychological time temporal horizon memory temporal perspective
Background: The issue of grandparents’ support provided to their families is undertaken in Polish literature very seldom. There are no studies concerning single mother families. The purpose of the article is to examine the extent to which grandparents provide support to grandchildren brought up in single mother families, and determine the relationship between the grandparents’ support and the grandchildren’s quality of life. Materials and Methods: The survey data were collected from 119 people from single mother families. The Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale SLSS was used to test the quality of life and the Social Support Scale (SWS) was used to test the strength and type of support from grandparents. Results: Mother’s parents are involved in each of the considered types of support in a higher degree than father’s parents, regardless of the place of residence of the single mother family. In small towns maternal grandparents provide information support more often than paternal grandparents, maternal grandmothers engage in instrumental aid to grandchildren more often than paternal grandparents. In cases of families living in large cities, when the paternal grandfather gives instrumental, emotional or evaluative support, grandchildren assess their quality of life significantly better. The assessment of quality of life is also higher in cases of maternal grandfather’s emotional engagement in support for grandchildren. Conclusions: The results suggest that the grandfathers’ (particularly paternal grandfather’s) support in the single mother family is positively connected with quality of life of grandchildren. It can be assumed that supporting grandparents contribute to strengthening the resilience of whole family.
parentification social support quality of life resilience single mother family grandparents-grandchildren
Theoretical deliberation on the process of transformation of family system and how its functioning as well as data obtained in course of empirical research specify conditions of development of youth brought up in single-parent families. Picture of situation of educational development functioning of single-parent families gives theoretical knowledge on deficite of these educational environments. The most common hazards are within psychosocial factors. On the basis of obtained data and scientific theories conclusions were drawn for educational practice and requirement of work with families at the school counselor level were finally expressed. Within the framework of activities addressed to families of changed structure both work with children growing up in described environments must be included and work with single parents. Proposed activities should be of repair and support type.
family broken home young people psychosocial factors of growing school pedagogues
The aim of this article is an analysis of ways of presenting polish education’s problems in opinionforming weeklies. First assumption of this article is: way of writing about education impacts on what readers of these opinionforming weeklies think about education (about rules of working of education, role of education in human life). The author of this article analysis 115 texts about school and education published between 2009 – 2010 in opinionforming polish weeklies (‘Polityka’, ‘Newsweek’, ‘Wprost’, ‘Gość Niedzielny’, ‘Przegląd’). This analysis based on theory of T.A. van Dijk who was confident of relation between language, thinking and action. He affirms that a language (as a form of social action) forms a nonlinguistic reality, but discourse analysis is a method which let us meet social reality. Results of this analysis let us affirm that opinionforming pressemphasizes economic aspects of education (it is connected both with kindergarten and with primary school, secondary school and other stages of education). Kindergarten, primary schools, secondary schools and others are presented in press like companies which sale their services. This perspective of looking has many consequences. When we want to rate quality of these institutions, we should use economical mechanismes.
school press discourse economic aspects of education opinion forming press economization of thinking about education
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