Wolność mediów w reżimach politycznych. Przypadek Tajlandii
- Institution: Uniwersytet Warszawski
- Year of publication: 2016
- Source: Show
- Pages: 71-87
- DOI Address: -
- PDF: kim/2016_1/kim2016106.pdf
Freedom of Press in Political Regimes: the Case of Thailand
Abstract: Article updates the research on the development of media in political regimes. Freedom of the media, one of the basic civil liberties, is understood to belong to everyone, without restrictions on the right to freedom of expression (ie. The freedom of speech), the right to appoint media operators and the right to be informed. Applicable in Thailand limit media freedom in part are located in the directory of commonly accepted in democratic regimes. Thus, for example, restrict freedom of speech similar arrangements for the good of the legal, ie. Dobrom common law, such as public safety, legal order and security of the state and the individual’s personal property occurring, their interpretation and strict enforcement go far beyond the practice of democratic regimes. There is present therein in Thailand closure and suspension of the operation of media entities without a court order, to influence the structure of the business media, widespread censorship, criminalization of defamation, and especially imposing draconian penalties for committing this crime. The aim of this article is to determine the scope of the effect of restricting media freedom in the Thai media market.
REFERENCES:
- Antoszewski A., Herbut R. (2001). Systemy polityczne współczesnego świata. Gdańsk: ARCHE.
- Antoszewski A. (1998). Reżim polityczny. W: A. W. Jabłoński, L. Sobkowiak. Studia z teorii polityki. tom 1, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
- Austin A., Barnard J., Hutcheon N. (2016), Media Consumption Forecasts 2015, http://zenithmedia.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Media%20Consumption%20Forecasts%202015.pdf.
- Babiński G. (1997). Pomiar w naukach społecznych. Problemy ogólne i zasady budowy skal. W: M. Malikowski, M. Niezgoda (opr.). Badania empiryczne w socjologii. Wybór tekstów. s. 273–300. Tyczyn: Wyższa Szkoła Społeczno- Gospodarcza.
- Bodio T., Sulowski S. (2014). Entokratyzm reżimów politycznych republik Kaukazu Północnego. W: R. Alberski, W. Jednaka, D. Skrzypiński. Studia nad współczesnymi systemami politycznymi. Instytucje i mechanizmy rywalizacji politycznej. s. 34–55. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
- Bodio T., Zuzankiewicz P. (2015). Etnokratyczno-klanowy wymiar reżimu politycznego Tatarstanu. W: J. G. Otto (red.). Demokratyczne i niedemokratyczne reżimy polityczne. s. 136–156. Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa.
- CPJ. 2016a. Thai legislation threatens online freedoms. 2016.16.12. https://cpj.org/2016/12/thai-legislation-threatens-online-freedoms.php#more.
- CPJ. 2016b. CPJ calls on Thailand to not censor news during royal transition. 2016.14.10. https://cpj.org/2016/10/cpj-calls-on-thailand-to-not-censor-news-during-ro.php#more.
- CPJ. 2016c. Thailand harasses critical website ahead of constitutional vote.2016.12.07. https://cpj.org/2016/07/thailand-harasses-critical-website-ahead-of-consti.php.
- CPJ. 2015a. Authorities shut TV news station in Thailand. 2015.29.04. https://cpj.org/2015/04/authorities-shut-tv-news-station-in-thailand.php.
- CPJ. 2015b. Internet gateway plan threatens online freedoms in Thailand. 2015. 29.09. https://cpj.org/2015/09/internet-gateway-plan-threatens-online-freedoms-in.php.
- Dahl R. A. (1995). Demokracja i jej krytycy. tłum. Stefan Amsterdamski. Kraków–Warszawa: wydawnictwo 3.
- Dahl R. A. (2000). O demokracji. tłum. Marcin Król. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak. Draft Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2016 – unofficial english translation. 2016.06. http://www.un.or.th/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2016_Thailand-Draft-Constitution_EnglishTranslation_Full_Formatted_vFina….pdf.
- Druzgała P. 2016.10.11. Tajlandia miesiąc po śmierci króla. http://www.polska-azja.pl/p-druzgala-tajlandia-miesiac-po-smierci-krola/.
- Duverger M. (1978). Institutions politigues et droit constitutionnel. 1 – Les grands systemes politigues, Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
- Forum-Asia. 2016. Thailand: Restrictions on Freedom of Expression Question the Legitimacy of Referendum, 2016.4.08. https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=21307.
- Freedom of Expression and the Media in Thailand. 2005. London and Forum Asia – Bangkok. Article 19.
- Góralczyk B. (2009). Zmierzch i brzask. Notes z Bangkoku. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
- Grossman N. (2009). Chronicle of Thailand: Headline News Since 1946. Singapore–Bangkok: Editions Didier Millet.
- Grossman N., Faulder D. (2011). King Bhumibol Adulyadej: A Life’s Work: Thailand’s Monarchy in Perspective, Singapore: Editions Didier Millet.
- HRW (2016a). Thailand: No New Military Trials of Civilians, Army Maintains Power to Arrest and Detain, Prosecute Pending Cases. 2016.13.09. https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/13/thailand-no-new-military-trials-civilians.
- HRW (2016b). Thailand’s Military Junta should fulfi l Universal Periodic Review pledges to protect and promote human rights, 2016.24.09. https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/24/thailands-military-junta-should-fulfil-universal-periodic-review-pledges-protect-and.
- HRW (2011). Thailand: End Harsh Punishments for Lese Majeste Offenses. 2011. 2.12. https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/12/02/thailand-end-harsh-punishments-lese-majeste-offenses.
- International Monetary Fund. 2016. World Economic Outlook Database. 2016 April. Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2015. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/index.aspx.
- Intaratat K. (2016). Thailand Media Landscape. http://asean-commarts.stou.ac.th/web/images/Documents/2016-08-10_11Aug_Seminar/THAILAND_MEDIA_LANDSCAPE.pdf.
- Ismaïl B. (2016). Media Hounded by junta since 2014 coup. https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/rapport_thailande_en.pdf.
- Jelonek A. W. (2011). Wielokulturowość, separatyzm i budowa państwa narodowego w Tajlandii. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
- Khaosod English (2015). Record sentences today for Facebook lese majeste offenses. 2015.07.08. http://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2015/08/07/1438947949/.
- Leesa-Nguansuk S. (2010). Bangkok Post 2010.21.07. Police are becoming increasingly adept at tackling online crimes. http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/187110/.
- Lipset S. M. (1995). Homo Politicus. Społeczne podstawy polityki. tłum. Grażyna Dziurdzik-Kraśniewska. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
- MacKinnon I. The Guardian. 2007.13.03. Swiss man faces 75 years jail for insulting Thai king. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/mar/13/thailand.
- National Cybersecurity Bill. 2015. https://thainetizen.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/cybersecurity-bill-20150106-en.pdf.
- News BBC. 2007.04.12. Thailand’s king pardons Swiss Man. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6547413.stm.
- NBTC. 2014. Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting in Thailand. http://www.supinya.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Session8.2CDA_Somsak.pdf.
- Otto J. G. (2012). Przywódca polityczny elementem konstytutywnym reżimu politycznego. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
- p.mal. rp.pl. 2016.1.12. Tajlandia ma już nowego króla. http://www.rp.pl/Polityk/161209884-Tajlandia-ma-juz-nowego-krola---Rame-X.html#ap-1.
- Prachatai English. 2016. Junta to stop trying national security crimes in military courts, 12.09. http://prachatai.org/english/node/6553.
- Reuters (2016). Thailand’s Nation Multimedia executives to appeal order to step down. 2016.7.10. http://www.reuters.com/article/nation-multimedia-regulator-appeal-idUSL3N1CC1G4.
- Saiyasombut S. (2015). Asian Correspondent 2015.20.02. Thailand’s new cyber laws – Part 3: Far-reaching cyber snooping. https://asiancorrespondent.com/2015/02/thailands-new-cyber-laws-part-3-far-reaching-and-all-encompassing-cyber-snooping/.
- Sobczyński M., Barwiński M. (2003). Geografi a polityczna Tajlandii. Azja, Afryka, Ameryka Łacińska. Studia i materiały, tom 80, Warszawa, s. 7–49.
- Statista. 2016. Penetration of leading social networks in Thailand as of 4th quarter 2015. https://www.statista.com/statistics/284483/thailand-social-network-penetration/.
- Szewczak W. (2010). Jak zmierzyć demokrację? Teoretyczne i metodologiczne podstawy budowy skal demokracji politycznej w politologii porównawczej. Przegląd Politologiczny 4. s. 97–108.
- Szewczak W. (2012). Budowa skali pomiarowej w politologii. Athenaeum 36. s. 45–68.
- Thanet A. (2001). The Search for Order: Constitutions and Human Rights in Thai Political History. https://web.archive.org/web/20080226203229/http://rspas.anu.edu.au/pah/human_rights/papers/2001/Thanet.pdf.
- The International Comparative Legal Guide. 2016. A practical cross-border insight into telecoms, media and internet laws and regulations. 9th Edition Telecoms, Media & Internet Laws & Regulations, London. Global Legal Group.
- Yozzo (2016). Digital Television in Thailand 2015. 2016.22.02. http://www.slideshare.net/yozzo1/digital-tv-in-thailand-2015.
political regime measures of political democracy media freedom freedom of speech censorship restrictions on freedom in Thailand protection majesty media market media pluralism media ownership forms