Spis treści
- Year of publication: 2024
- Source: Show
- Pages: 3-4
- DOI Address: -
- PDF: ksm/43/ksm43toc.pdf
Evolution of Russian(Soviet)-Japanese relations from 1699 to 1941
Russian(Soviet)-Japanese contacts have a tradition of over 300 years. The author focuses in the article on a brief exemplification and analysis of unofficial Russian-Japanese contacts since the 18th century and their official relations until the signing of the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan in April 1941. In total, four parts of the article are devoted to the analysis, apart from the introduction and conclusion. The first part of the article covers the period of unofficial relations between the two countries, which was characterized by two contradictory tendencies. Russia is pursuing territorial expansion towards the Pacific Ocean, while Japan maintains a policy of voluntary closure to the outside world. The second part deals with the official relationship between them from the Treaty of Shimoda to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. During this period, both countries are guided by a policy of territorial expansion, which led to a war between them. The third part is related to the period from the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty in 1905 to the fall of the Romanov dynasty in 1917. This was the only period of mutual friendship between Russia and Japan. The last part was the years from the February and October Revolutions in Russia to the conclusion of the neutrality pact in April 1941. At that time, one of the external interventions against Soviet Russia was Japan. However, after the Japanese troops were driven out of Soviet territory in the Far East, the two countries establish official diplomatic relations. In the 1930s, mutual relations deteriorated, and in the complicated international situation that existed at the time, Moscow and Tokyo signed the Neutrality Pact in April 1941. At the end of the article, several conclusions were formulated.
Tsarist Russia Soviet Union Japan territorial expansion territorial dispute war international treaties political relations economic relations
Correlation analysis in international relations on the example of selected aspects of German-Polish relations
Correlation analysis is one of the tools that can be used when examining the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables in international relations. To carry it out, it is important to meet the necessary assumptions regarding a given correlation coefficient. Several of the most used coefficients are presented, broken down into quantitative, ordinal, and nominal variables. The aim of the study was to present the use of correlation analysis on the example of selected economic and non-economic aspects of Polish-German relations. Trade and the structures of the two countries’ European trade partners were shown to be strongly correlated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. In turn, using the chi-square test of independence, it was also found that there is no statistically significant relationship between Germans residing in one of the former German states and maintaining contacts with Poland. A model for subjective analysis of relationships and influences was also proposed. Consequently, it is suggested that statistical methods should be used more frequently in the study of international relations as a complement to classical descriptive methods.
correlation analysis variables socio-demographic variables (age, year or mode of studies) chi-squared test of independence relationships and influences spurious correlation
Migration to Poland from across the eastern border in 2015–2023 in the opinion of society, state authorities and representatives of the Catholic Church
Migration is currently one of the greatest global problems, which has to be dealt with not only by states or their communities, but also by non-state entities operating in the world, including churches and religious associations, which in countries such as Poland have a very strong social resonance. The Catholic Church, on the basis of centuries of heritage, benefits in this sphere from the teaching of successive popes, which, rooted in aid attitudes, is a response to the actions of the state, encouraging the faithful to attitudes in line with the Christian spirit. This article, through an analysis of sources - historical documents, discourse and statistical data - answers the question of how the Catholic Church, state authorities and society in Poland have responded to migration into the country from the East in 2015–2023 period, presenting similarities and differences existing in the statements and opinions of state authorities, Church representatives and society in Poland.
Foreign contacts of the underground Toruń Region of NSZZ “Solidarność” in the years 1981–1989
The introduction of martial law on December 13, 1981 resulted in the formation of an opposition underground almost immediately throughout the country. Support from abroad was of great importance for its functioning. This article raises the issue of the activities of the underground Toruń structures of “Solidarity” in the context of aid coming from the West. Over the course of the 1980s, the Toruń underground received printing equipment, computers, parts for radio transmitters, printing ink, money, émigré publications, etc. An important aspect of foreign contacts was the creation of a specific corridor for the secret distribution of copies of the Toruń underground press to “Radio Free Europe”. Articles from this press were later read in radio broadcasts broadcast to Poland.
underground “Solidarity” Toruń foreign contacts Solidarity conspiracy martial law
“Poland” and messianism in the writings of Sister Helena Rafaela Majewska CSA, Vilnius Apostle of Divine Mercy
Helena Rafaela Majewska CSA (1902–1967) infiltrated the habitless congregation of the Sisters of Angels. Mystic; propagator of God’s mercy; penitent and collaborator of Fr. Michał Sopoćko – Vilnius confessor of Sister Faustyna Kowalska; continuator of her message. Majewska left a spiritual Diary from the years 1941–1943, in which a patriotic and messianic theme appears, the author will appear as an element of the message of mercy and the perspective of the fate of Poland revealed to her by God. The texts constitute their important sources, from which come the records of the Way of the Cross of the Polish Nation, where the mystic assigned the events of the subsequent World War II to the emergency station. The analysis of Majewska’s spiritual records is valuable both from the point of view of theological and historical sciences. In the first case, they reveal the obligation of patriotism in the formation and experience of religion in the early 20th century and during the Second Mandatory War. In the second one – revealing the elements of Polish messianism and allowing the use of interpretation of historical events at the time they occurred.
Helena Majewska God’s mercy Vilnius Kresy messianism World War II
Security management of the National Museum in Cracow
When I think about a museum, many different threads come to mind, including memories from both my childhood and adult life. In the past, school trips were often organized to museums, where for the first time for many it was an opportunity to encounter a large amount of art and works gathered in one place. Although as a child it is difficult to evaluate and develop deeper reflections on the work you are learning, contact with exhibits from an early age teaches you proper respect for learning about them, emphasizing how important they are for everyone. The topic of museums is also often reflected in film art, where these places often become targets for thieves who plan in a sophisticated way over a long period of time to obtain a given exhibit. Often silently, bypassing all security measures, so that the museum only learns about this fact when the morning shift comes to work, and the works are already far outside the museum, and this security issue is the subject of this work.
National Museum Cracow security security system private museums museum security
Judge’s assistant de lege lata and de lege ferenda. Practical problems of assistance to adjudicators
This article draws attention to the modern, practical problems of the justice system, taking into account the profession of a judge’s assistant. Defines its tasks and unclear grounding in Polish law. Points out disproportion of requirements. Presents the problem of staff shortages and their consequences, and shows a potential remedy. Highlights the growing problem of inefficiency and lengthiness of the justice system.
Patterns and experiments: Compositional structures in Japanese popular music
This work is a study of Japan’s popular music and its theoretical aspects, as well as an analysis of the influence of jazz music on its development. It begins by defining Japanese music, then the history of music in Japan in the 20th century is outlined. Subsequent chapters are devoted to music theory, with particular emphasis on comparing the use of intervals and scales in Western and Japanese music. The work discusses the theory of Japanese scales, analyzing their structure and function in the context of modern Japanese music. The next chapter focuses on the popular music in Japan in the 21st century, while identifying its characteristic features. Special attention is given to the influence of jazz on the development of Japanese popular music and its presence in today’s musical culture. The final chapter compares mainstream popular music from Japan, Poland and the USA, showing the differences and similarities in styles, structure and use of musical elements. The paper ends with conclusions emphasizing the importance of understanding cultural and theoretical context in music research.
Japanese music music theory full-scale war jazz music 20th century music 21st century music
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