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Vol. 1(40)

Spis treści

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 4-6
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: npw/40/npw40toc.pdf

SPIS TREŚCI / CONTENTS / ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Relacje rosyjsko-tureckie w kontekście wojny na Ukrainie

  • Author: Sylwester Gardocki
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-0172
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 9-20
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244001
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4001.pdf

Russian-Turkish relations in the context of the war in Ukraine

The outbreak of the war between Russia and Ukraine has put Turkey in a difficult situation. The Turkish government, which adopted a strategy of ambiguity towards this conflict, tried to maintain good economic relations with Russia while providing military support to Ukraine. Turkey’s policy towards the Russia-Ukraine war refers to the broader context of international rivalry that involves the United States and China. In this situation, Turkey must take into account all circumstances of international competition. The scientific hypothesis refers to the measurable benefits that Turkey derives from applying such a strategy towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

NATO Turkish foreign policy Russian-Ukrainian war wojna rosyjsko-ukraińska turecka polityka zagraniczna

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The Sources of Russia’s Soft Power in Relation to Belarus

  • Author: Ryszard Franciszek Ławniczak
  • Institution: Military University of Technology (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-8618
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 21-31
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244002
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4002.pdf

This paper aims to evaluate the sources of Russia’s soft power as a tool which should enable it to integrate Belarus more closely with Russia. The research question is as follows: what are Russia’s main sources of attractiveness, and what kind of instruments of soft power is the Russian government applying to achieve that aim? To what extent was this soft policy successful? The author applied a qualitative research method. It is inductive and allows the researcher to explore meanings and insights into Russia’s notion of “soft power” in its foreign policy toward Belarus. The basis of it lies in the interpretive approach to the present reality of Russia – Belarus political and economic relations and in the evaluation of Russian efforts to integrate its closest neighbour by using only non-military means.

information warfare soft power hard power Belarus-Russia

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Państwa Grupy Wyszehradzkiej (V4) wobec wojny w Ukrainie. Dyplomacja obronna podczas pierwszego roku wojny

  • Author: Sabina Olszyk
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-3291
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 32-59
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244003
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4003.pdf

The Visegrád Group (V4) countries in the face of the war in Ukraine. Defense diplomacy during the first year of the war

Tense Russian-Ukrainian relations, sparked by the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and Ukraine’s pro-European and pro-NATO ambitions, led to a Russian invasion on the country, significantly undermining the sense of security in the region. Especially the countries in close proximity to Ukraine, including Visegrad Group states, felt the threat from Russia and took a series of actions to provide a solid and decisive response to Moscow’s neo-imperial actions. The support extended had a multidimensional character, encompassing political, diplomatic, military, financial, and humanitarian areas, playing a fundamental role in sustaining Ukraine’s functioning and its military capabilities, particularly in the initial period after the invasion. The aim of the article is to synthetically depict, from a Polish perspective, the engagement of Visegrad Group countries in implementing the ideas and tasks of defense diplomacy in the first year of the war in Ukraine, from February 24, 2022, to February 24, 2023.

the Visegrad Group Poland Czech Republic slovakia Hungary war in Ukraine Grupa Wyszehradzka Russian invasion of Ukraine defense diplomacy V4 dyplomacja obronna wojna na Ukrainie rosyjska inwazja na Ukrainę Polska Czechy Słowacja Węgry

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Status i znaczenie Trójmorza w konstrukcji współczesnej globalnej architektury bezpieczeństwa

  • Author: Damian Jarnicki
  • Institution: Uniwersytet w Siedlcach
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-6200
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 60-85
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244004
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4004.pdf

Status and importance of the Three Seas in construction of contemporary global security architecture

This article covers a cross-sectional and updating reflection on the phenomena taking place in the security sphere of the region, the so-called Three Seas. The research subject of the article is the Three Seas Initiative format as a potential subjective keystone of the security of Central and Eastern Europe, treated taking into account historical and current events, as one of the foundations of not only the European or Euro-Atlantic, but also the global security architecture. The priority research goal was to present and analyze the progress and integration and institutional perspectives of the Three Seas Region, and thus an attempt to search for the status arrangements of this format, by analyzing this geopolitical space in the light of, above all, the concept of regional security complexes (but also, among others, geopolitical wedges, the influence of superpowers of the global balance of power). The findings presented in these investigations signal both attempts to comprehensively bind the region with interdependence, attempts at far-reaching rapprochement and co-creation of soft security architecture – in the form of development-progressing infrastructure, as well as pragmatic and conservative behavior, resulting from both the geopolitical dynamics and current national calculations of the Three Seas countries.

geopolityka instytucjonalizacja bezpieczeństwa Globalna Architektura Bezpieczeństwa Inicjatywa Trójmorza Kompleks Bezpieczeństwa Regionalnego Europa Wschodnia i Środkowa integracja regionalna Global Security Architecture the Three Seas Initiative Regional Security Complex (RSC) Eastern and Central Europe geopolitics institutionalization of security regional integration

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The idea of smart city in the perspective of the development of the capitals of the Visegrad Group countries

  • Author: Marek Górka
  • Institution: Koszalin University of Technology (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6964-1581
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 86-113
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244005
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4005.pdf

The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation and utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development of Smart Cities by the authorities of the V4 capitals. This research examines the smart city concept in the context of the development strategies of the V4 capitals. The study utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the potential of each city and conducts a comparative analysis of strategic documents related to the smart city concept. The article initiates by examining the changing dynamics of public space management in light of the increasing significance of cybertechnology. The subsequent section highlights the key points outlined in the Agenda 2030 document. This is followed by an effort to conceptualize the smart city concept and an explanation for investigating the development of the V4 capitals. The subsequent portion of the article delves into the perception of economic and social development, drawing from the security and cybersecurity strategies of each V4 country. The cases of each country are then analyzed based on selected factors that define their technological potential. The analysis aims to identify the predominant aspects pertaining to the utilization of ICT within the Smart City concept in the V4 capitals. The comparative analysis will reveal commonalities, disparities, strengths, and areas that require further development in each capital. The insights derived from this research prove vital for effective urban management. They facilitate an enhanced understanding of the interconnectedness between various economic and social resources and allow for the systematization of assumptions, visions, and underlying concepts related to urban space management. This, in turn, assists in identifying the factors that influence comprehensive engagement in smart city initiatives.

smart city Agenda 2030 Visegrád Group cyber technology innovation

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Węzły pamięci. Kwestia zbrodni katyńskiej w relacjach polsko-rosyjskich

  • Author: Konrad Słowiński
  • Institution: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-8992
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 114-146
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244006
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4006.pdf

Memory nodes. The issue of the Katyn massacre in Polish-Russian relations

The article focuses on discussing the impact of the conditions regarding the Katyn massacre on the current relations between Warsaw and Moscow. The history of these two countries is characterized by a long and difficult past, which is why numerous unresolved disputes, burdens and myths have arisen and are still visible today, negatively affecting bilateral contacts. In 1989, right after the fall of the communist system in Poland, the new political elites, coordinating the process of democratic changes in our country, made efforts to sort out the controversial threads in the common Polish-Russian history. Without a doubt, the most important of them was the Katyn massacre. For the political elites of the Third Polish Republic, explaining the overall circumstances of those events was the most important goal of diplomatic activities undertaken towards the Kremlin. In Warsaw’s opinion, untangling this knot of memory from the history of relations between the two countries was supposed to help free them from past burdens and negative accumulations and contribute to strengthening friendship in current times. Unfortunately, it quickly turned out that this topic soon became one of the main elements negatively burdening mutual relations.

Polska II wojna światowa stereotypy narodowe Federacja Rosyjska polityka historyczna zbrodnia katyńska Poland Russian Federation World War II national stereotypes historical policy Katyń massacre

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„Nasz brak programu był w pewnym sensie również naszym programem” – myśl polityczna Wolnych Związków Zawodowych Wybrzeża

  • Author: Dominik Bień
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Gdański
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-8216
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 147-165
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244007
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4007.pdf

“Our lack of programme was in a sense also our programme” – political thought of the Free Trade Unions of the Coast

The Free Trade Unions of the Coast were one of the most important organizations of the pre-August opposition. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the political thought of the organization and to answer questions about who its exponents were, how they perceived the reality of the Polish People’s Republic and how they planned to change it. The concepts built by the WZZ of the Coast have been contrasted with other programs of such organizations in Poland. Also pointed out are the programmatic themes of the WZZ that remain relevant today. The article uses an analytical method of abstracting individual ideas contained in the political output of the members of the organization in question and reconstructing them as a certain ideological whole. The conclusions recognize that the WZZ of the Coast had a primarily worker-oriented and practice-oriented character, which distinguished it from the more intellectual KOR and ROPCiO. Also important to the organization were the traditions of patriotic socialism derived from the Polish Socialist Party and the events of December 1970.

myśl polityczna opozycja w PRL Wolne Związki Zawodowe robotnicy w PRL inteligencja w PRL political thought opposition in the PRL Free Trade Unions workers in the PRL intelligentsia in the PRL

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Ukraińscy emigranci polityczni w Kaliszu i Piotrkowie Trybunalskim w latach 1920–1930 w świetle źródeł archiwalnych

  • Author: Jewhen Sinkewycz
  • Institution: Narodowy Uniwersytet im. Bohdana Chmielnickiego w Czerkasach
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-1644
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 166-185
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244008
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4008.pdf

Ukrainian political emigrants in Kalisz and Piotrków Trybunalski in the years 1920–1930 in the light of archival sources

In this article, the author considered the fate of Ukrainian political emigrants in the socio-economic life of Kalisz and Piotrków Trybunalski in the 1920s and 1930s. Apart from mentions in general works and articles about Ukrainian political emigration in Poland, there are several special studies devoted to Kalisz and Piotrków Trybunalski. This study was conducted primarily on the basis of documents processed by the author in the state archives of Lodz and Piotrków Trybunalski.

Polska Ukraińska Republika Ludowa Polskaukraińscy emigranci polityczni Kalisz Piotrków Trybunalski Ukrainian People’s Republic Poland Ukrainian political emigrants

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The six critical tasks of strategic leaders during crisis. Ensuring safety of stakeholders during COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

  • Author: Zdzisław Polcikiewicz
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-6415
  • Author: Norbert Świętochowski
  • Institution: Military University of Land Forces in Wrocław (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6582-9694
  • Author: Marek Tomaszycki
  • Institution: Military University of Land Forces in Wrocław (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-0954
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 186-206
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244009
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4009.pdf

The authors’ purpose in this article is to present the way in which strategic leaders may use analytical tools to operate during crisis. Their actions is based on the idea of six main tasks, the so-called “Six Makings”, that they have to accomplish. The idea of “critical tasks during crisis was presented on the basis of the COVID-19 situation in Poland and the activities carried out by the Polish government and the Polish Health-care System (Strategic Leaders) to neutralize the negative effects of the pandemic, protect the health and lives of citizens, and care for the economic situation. Qualitative data analysis techniques were used in the research process. The authors concluded that in times of crisis, citizens rely on their leaders and believe that they will ensure their security and a swift return to customary. Strategic leaders must guarantee that the organizations and stakeholders they lead are prepared to counter the future challenges — foreseen and unforeseen alike. The “Six Makings” analytical tool, properly used, could significantly improve the accuracy of decisions made and increase the effectiveness of actions taken.

safety pandemic crisis situations strategic leaders crisis management

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Od decentralizacji do (re)centralizacji. Polityka rządzących wobec samorządów terytorialnych w Polsce po 2015 roku

  • Author: Agnieszka Lipska-Sondecka
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Szczeciński
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-4087
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 207-221
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244010
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4010.pdf

From decentralization to (re)centralization. Policies of those in power towards local governments in Poland after 2015

For Poland, the turn of the 1980s and 1990s for Poland was the beginning of a profound systemic change dubbed transformation. As the result of multifaceted alterations, a new political system was shaped based on the patterns, standards and principles on which democratic states and societies base their organization and functioning. The principle of decentralization determined the direction and nature of changes in the construction of the administrative apparatus of the state, so that its bodies and institutions could perform the assigned tasks and functions in a practical manner. Local governments became a significant component of the new structure of public authorities, and they were entrusted with the implementation of the part of public tasks which directly concerned local and regional communities. And although Polish local governments were not free from defects, and the implementation of tasks caused tensions between the state and local governments, until 2015 the principle of decentralization was respected by those in power. However, the elections in 2015 brought a change, and the new ruling party revealed its actual attitude to state governance, including all forms of local government.

decentralizacja centralizacja samorząd terytorialny władza publiczna transformacja decentralization centralization local government public authorities transformation

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Powrót do źródeł jako droga do zbudowania świadomości podmiotowości kulturowej i odrodzenia tradycyjnej kultury chińskiej [recenzja książki Charakter Chin]

  • Author: Ewa Radomska
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9503-534X
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 224-235
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20244011
  • PDF: npw/40/npw4011.pdf

Returning to the sources as a way to build awareness of cultural subjectivity and the revival of traditional Chinese culture

[book review Charakter Chin]

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