Further Considerations on ‘Brexit

On June 23rd, 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) held an EU-Referendum which resulted in a vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union (EU). However, in a post-referendum reality, several constitutional issues have become apparent. On one hand, it is not certain whether the Prime Minister, under the royal prerogatives, can trigger Art. 50 of the EU Treaty. On the other hand, the scope of Westminster’s approval must still be determined. It is believed that the judiciary will end up in a constitutional crisis, especially the Supreme Court. At the very least, the suspension of ‘Brexit’ procedures is causing uncertainty on both sides i.e. UK and EU. This paper will pose some of the essential questions being discussed on the eve of the Supreme Court’s decision over ‘Brexit’ in December of 2016/January of 2017.

REFERENCES:

Literature:

• UK Supreme Court allows Scotland and Wales to enter Brexit lawsuit, “Jurist” (19 November 2016).
• Arden M., An English Judge in Europe, [In:] M. Arden, Human Rights and European Law: Building New Legal Orders, Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: March 2015.
• Asthana A., Rankin J., Brexit: UK government faces legal challenge over single market, “Guardian” (28 November 2016).
• Baber N., Hickman T., King J., Pulling the Article 50 ‘Trigger’: Parliament’s Indispensable Role, I-CONnect (28 June 2016).
• Barcz J., Unia Europejska a Wielka Brytania – prawne aspekty porozumienia nakierowanego na zapobiegnięcie Brexitowi, „Europejski Przegląd Sądowy” 2016, nr 4.
• Bjorge E., EU Rights as British Rights, “Oxford Human Rights Hub” (14 November 2016).
• Bradley A.W., Ewing K.D., Constitutional And Administrative Law, Pearson 2003.
• Chalmers D., Article 50 – five big legal questions, “The UK in a Changing Europe” (4 November 2016).
• Costigan R., Thomas P.A., The Human Rights Act: A View From Below, “Journal of Law and Society” 2005, Vol. 32, No 1.
• Craig P., ‘Brexit: A drama in Six Acts’. Dhingra S., Ottaviano G., Sampson T., Reenen J.V., The consequences of Brexit for UK trade and living standards, London School of Economics and Political Science 2016.
• Douglas-Scott S., Removing references to EU law from the devolution legislation would require the consent of the devolved assemblies, “The Constitution Unit” (13 June 2016).
• Eaker L., The Brexit Legal Mess – Falling Into a Black Hole?, “Jurist” (29 June 2016).
• Ekins R., The Legitimacy of the Brexit Referendum, “U.K. Const. L. Blog” (29th Jun 2016).
• Fredman S., The Least Dangerous Branch: Whose Role is it to Protect Parliamentary Sovereignty? Miller and the Human Rights Implications of ‘Brexit’, “Oxford Human Right Hub” (7 November 2016).
• Gillespie A., The English Legal System, Oxford 2005.
• Glendon A., Schubert A. Jr., Judicial Review of Royal Proclamations and Order-in-Council, “The University of Toronto Law Journal” 1951, Vol. 9, No. 1.
• Gordon R. QC, Constitutional Change and Parliamentary Sovereignty – the Impossible Dialectic, [In:] The British Constitution. Continuity and Change. A festschrift for Vernon Bogdanor, ed. M. Qvortrup, Bloomsbury 2015.
• Hunt J., A ruling in Belfast make the high court’s Brexit decision even more complicated than you think, “The Conversation” (4 November 2016).
• Ladrech R., Explainer: what’s the difference between ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ Brexit?, “The Conversation” (6 October 2016).
• Łazowski A., How to withdraw from the European Union. Confronting hard reality, “CEPS Commentary” (16 January 2013).
• Leyland P., The Constitution of the United Kingdom. A Contextual Analysis, Bloomsbury 2016.
• Loveland I., Britain and Europe, [In:] The British Constitution in the Twentieth Century, ed. V. Bogdanor, Oxford 2003.
• Loveland I., Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, and Human Rights. A Critical Introduction, Oxford 2015.
• Lucas C., Why I will vote against triggering Article 50, “Guardian” (27 November 2016).
• Maer L., Gay O., The Royal Prerogative, “House of Commons Library” (30 December 2009).
• Mikuli P., Zasada podziału władz w ustroju brytyjskim, Warszawa 2006.
• Mikuli P., Fox N., Instytucja referendum z Zjednoczonym Królestwie Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej – uwagi wokół ogólnokrajowego referendum z dnia 23 czerwca r., [In:] Aktualne problemy referendum, eds. B. Tokaj, A. Feja-Paszkiewicz, B. Banaszak, Warszawa 2016.
• Miller V., Land A., Brexit: how does the Article 50 process work?, “House of Commons Library”, 30 June 2016.
• Poole T., United Kingdom: The royal prerogative, “International Journal of Constitutional Law” 2010, No. 8.
• Suwara E., Wyzwania prawno-proceduralne dla Unii Europejskiej związane z BREXIT-em, „Europejski Przegląd Sądowy” 2016, nr 9.
• Thompson H., Haven’t we been here before?, “The UK in a Changing Europe” (28 November 2016).
• Toszek B.H., Kużelewska E., Od wizji do rzeczywistości. Dziesięć lat dewolucji w Walii, Warszawa 2011.
• Young A.L., Parliamentary Sovereignty and the Human Rights, Portland 2009.
• Zięba A., Brytyjska koncepcja praw i wolności obywatelskich w dobie reformy ustroju państwa, [In:] Ustroje, tradycje i porównania. Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana prof. dr hab. Marianowi Grzybowskiemu w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin, eds. P. Mikuli, A. Kulig, J. Karp, G. Kuca, Warszawa 2015.