Zmiana systemu wyborczego jako problem badawczy

Changing the electoral systems as a research problem

The aim of the article is to review the main research issues related to the analysis of changes in electoral systems. Since the nineties of the twentieth century, the issue has become a popular research. Based on the literature review, attention was drawn to research on entities involved in changes to electoral systems, the motivations underlying these decisions, awareness of the political consequences of participants into the effects of changes in electoral systems, factors shaping electoral reform processes.

Celem artykułu jest przegląd głównych zagadnień badawczych związanych z analizą zmian systemów wyborczych. Począwszy od lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. problematyka ta stała się bowiem popularnym tematem badawczym eksploatowanym w badaniach politologicznych i konstytucyjnych. W oparciu o przegląd literatury przedmiotu zwrócono uwagę na badania dotyczące podmiotów zaangażowanych w zmiany systemów wyborczych, motywacji leżących u podstaw tych decyzji, świadomości politycznych konsekwencji uczestników zmian, przekładania politycznych preferencji w efekty zmian systemów wyborczych, czynników kształtujących procesy reform wyborczych.

REFERENCES:

• Andrews J., Jackman R.W., Strategic Fools: Electoral Rule Choice under Extreme Uncertainty, „Electoral Studies” 2005, nr 1.
• Baldini G., Renwick A., Italy toward (Yet Another) Electoral Reform, [w:] Italian Politics: The Year of Buldozer, New York 2015.
• Benoit K., Models of Electoral System Change, „Electoral Studies” 2004, nr 3.
• Bol D., Electoral Reform, Values and Party Self-Interest, „Party Politics” 2016, nr 1.
• Bowler S., Donovan T., Karp J.A., Why Politicians Like Electoral Institutions: Self-Interest, Values, or Ideology?, „Journal of Politics” 2006, nr 2.
• Browne E.C., Hamm K.E., Legislative Politics and the Paradox of Voting: Electoral Reform in Fourth Republic France, „British Journal of Political Science” 2011, nr 2.
• Calvo E., The Competetive Road to Proportional Representation: Partisan Biases and Electoral Regime Change under Increasing Party Competition, „World Politics” 2009, nr 1.
• Colomer J., Handbook of Electoral System Choice, Basingstoke 2004.
• Colomer J., It’s parties That Choose Electoral Systems or, Duverger’s Laws Upside Down, „Political Studies” 2005, nr 1.
• Cusack T., Iversen T., Soskice D., Economic Interests and the Origins of Electoral Systems, „American Political Science Review” 2007, nr 3.
• Donovan M., The Politics of Electoral Reform in Italy, „International Political Science Review” 1995, nr 1.
• Emmenegger P., Petersen K., Taking History Seriously in Comparative Research: The Case of Electoral System Choice, 1890-1939, „Comparative European Politics” 2015, nr 6.
• Hasen R., The Supreme Court and Election Law: Judging Equality from Baker v. Carr to Bush v. Gore, New York 2003.
• Katz R., A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems, Baltimore 1980.
• Katz R., Comment, „Representation” 2007, nr 4.
• Katz R., Democracy as a Cause of Electoral Reform: Jurisprudence and Electoral Change in Canada, „West European Politics” 2011, nr 3.
• Le Duc L., Electoral Reform and Direct Democracy in Canada, „West European Politics” 2011, nr 2.
• Lundell K., The Origin of Electoral Systems in The Post-War Era: A Worldwide Approach, London, 2010.
• Nohlen D., Changes and Choices in Electoral Systems, [w:] Chosing an Electoral system: Issues and Alternatives, red. A. Lijphart, B. Grofman, Praeger 1984.
• Norris P., Cultural Explanations of Electoral Reform: a Policy Cycle Model, „West European Politics” 2011, nr 3.
• Nunez L., Jacobs K., Catalysts and Barriers: Explaining Electoral Reform in Western Europe, „European Journal of Political Research” 2016, nr 3.
• Pilet J-B., Bol D., Party Preferences and Electoral Reform: How Time in Government Affects the Likelihood of Supporting Electoral Change, „West European Politics” 2011, nr 3.
• Pilon D., Wresting with Democracy: Voting Systems as Politics in the Twentieth-Century West, Toronto 2013.
• Rahat G., Hazan R.Y., The Barriers to Electoral System Reform: A Synthesis of Alternative Approaches, „West European Politics” 2011, nr 3.
• Reed S., Thies M., The Causes of Electoral Reform in Japan, [w:] Mixed Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?, red. M.S. Shugart, M.P. Wattenberg, Oxford 2001.
• Reilly B., Elections and Post-Conflict Political Development, [w:] Political Economy of Statebuilding: Power after Peace, red. M. Berdal, D. Zaum, London 2013.
• Renwick A., Electoral Reform in Europe since 1945, „West European Politics” 2011, nr 3.
• Renwick A., Pilet B., Face san the Ballot: The Personalization of Electoral Systems in Europe, Oxford 2016.
• Renwick A., The Politics of Electoral Reform: Changing the Rules of Democracy, Cambridge 2010.
• Reynolds A., Designing Democracy in a Dangerous World, Oxford 2011.
• Shugart M.S., Inherent and Contingent Factors in Reform Initiation in Plurality Systems, [w:] In To Keep or to Change First Past the Post? The Best of Both Worlds?, red. A. Blais, Oxford 2008.
• Sokół W., Geneza i ewolucja systemów wyborczych w państwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, Lublin 2007.
• Williams K., Judical Review of Electoral Thresholds in Germany, Russia, and the Czech Republic, „Electoral Law Journal” 2005, nr 3.