Indo–French Defence Cooperation in the Light of Regional Security Balance in South Asia
- Institution: Jawaharlal Nehru University (India)
- ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-7247
- Published online: 20 June 2022
- Final submission: 29 April 2022
- Printed issue: June 2022
- Source: Show
- Page no: 12
- Pages: 7-18
- DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202217
- PDF: ppsy/51/ppsy202217_1.pdf
The article aims to describe the regional security challenges to India in South Asia. Since the partition of India in 1947, the country has continuously been under external threat as a form of proxy warfare and terrorism. For this purpose, the article highlighted the core hotspots where India has major border issues with China in the Himalayan terrain. India has been facing a bigger security challenge from China and Pakistan in the South Asia region. This article analyses the defence ties between India and France in the context of security. India's neorealist approaches expand its strategic partnership in global politics. Therefore, India has been getting strategic support from the French side whenever India seeks support in a critical situation. The article uses the methods of case study and discourse analysis to answer the question and find out the study's relevance. As a result of severe security threats, India had to negotiate the purchase of defence equipment from France. India had to buy Rafael fighter jet, submarine and other heavy military weapons. Indo-French relations are stronger than in the past and will develop as friendly relations in the future.
REFERENCES:
- Atanassova-Cornelis, E. (2019). Shifting Constraints, Evolving Opportunities and the Search for the ‘Strategic’ in the EU-Japan Bilateral Partnership. In W. Song & J. Wang (Eds.), The European Union in the Asia Pacific: Rethinking Europe’s Strategies and Policies (pp. 163–183). Manchester University Press.
- Baacha, M. S. (2019, June 2). Indo-French Defense Cooperation and South Asian Instability. Strategic Foresight for Asia. https://strafasia.com/indo-french-defense-cooperation-and-south-asian-instability/
- Bhalla, A., & Negi, M. (2021, December 17). Indo-French defence dialogue touches upon Afghanistan, Pak, China. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indo-french-defence-dialogue-touches-upon-afghanistan-pak-china-1889048-2021-12-17
- Bharti, M. S. (2022). The Evolution of China’s Economic Engagement in Central and Eastern Europe. Economic and Regional Studies, 15(1), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.2478/ERS-2022-0007
- Chaudhury, D. R. (2022, January 27). India’s strategic partnership with France is a visible partnership: Jaishankar. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/indias-strategic-partnership-with-france-is-a-visible-partnership-jaishankar/articleshow/89164769.cms?from=mdr
- Cladi, L., & Locatelli, A. (2013). Bandwagoning, Not Balancing: Why Europe Confounds Realism. Contemporary Security Policy, 33(2), 264–288.
- Dyson, T. (2013). Balancing Threat, Not Capabilities: European Defence Cooperation as Reformed Bandwagoning. Contemporary Security Policy, 34(2), 387–391.
- French Embassy in New Delhi. (n.d.). Political relations and strategic partnership. France in India. https://in.ambafrance.org/Political-relations-and-strategic-partnership
- Gibler, D. M., & Wolford, S. (2006). Alliances, Then Democracy: An Examination of the Relationship between Regime Type and Alliance Formation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50(1), 129–153.
- Grare, F. (2020). Exploring Indo-Pacific Convergences: The Australia-France-India Trilateral Dialogue. Washington Quarterly, 43(4), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2020.1850004
- Grieco, J. M. (1995). The Maastricht Treaty, Economic and Monetary Union and the Neo-realist Research Programme. Review of International Studies, 21(1), 21–40.
- Gupta, S. (2009). The changing patterns of Indo-French relations: From Cold War estrangement to strategic partnership in the twenty-first century. French Politics, 7(3), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1057/FP.2009.15
- Hansel, M., Khan, R., & Levaillant, M. (2017). Theorizing Indian Foreign Policy. Routledge.
- Karambelkar, A. (2021). An analysis of the French strategy in the Indo-Pacific. Maritime Affairs, 17(1), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/09733159.2021.1962040
- Kinne, B. J. (2019). The Defence Cooperation Agreement Dataset (DCAD). Journal of Conflict Resolution, 64(4), 729–755. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002719857796
- Lake, D. A. (1996). Anarchy, hierarchy, and the variety of international relations. International Organization, 50(1), 1–33.
- Marszałek-Kawa, J. (Ed.) (2019). The Multidimensional Aspects of Asian Politics. From History through the Present to the Future. Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
- Marszałek-Kawa, J., & Zajączkowski, J. (Eds.) (2021). Cultural, Social and Political Dimensions of Non-European Societies: Case studies of selected societies in Asia and the Middle East. Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
- Ministry of External Affairs. (2021, July). Brief on India-France Bilateral Relations. https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/IndiaFrance21.pdf
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2021, November). The Indo-Pacific region: a priority for France. France Diplomacy. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/asia-and-oceania/the-indo-pacific-region-a-priority-for-france/
- Mohan C R, & Baruah, D. M. (2018, February 26). Deepening the India-France Maritime Partnership. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Mohan_Baruah_Deepening_The_India_France_Maritime_Partnership.pdf
- Morcos, P. (2022, January 4). France’s Shifting Relations with China. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2022/01/frances-shifting-relations-with-china/
- Morrow, J. D. (2000). Alliances: Why Write Them Down. Annual Review of Political Science, 3(1), 63–83.
- Pajon, C. (2018). France and Japan: the Indo-Pacific as a Springboard for a Strategic Partnership. In L. Simon & U. Speck (Eds.), Natural Partners? Europe, Japan and Security in the Indo-Pacific (pp. 11–14). Real Instituto Elcano.
- Phalnikar, S. (2022, February 21). France banks on India as key Indo-Pacific partner. D W. https://www.dw.com/en/france-banks-on-india-as-key-indo-pacific-partner/a-60854716.
- Racine, J. L. (2002). The Indo-French strategic dialogue: Bilateralism and world perceptions. Journal of Strategic Studies, 25(4), 157–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390412331302905
- Raghuvanshi, V. (2020, January 22). “India makes Initial Bid Selections for $7 Billion Submarine Project. https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2020/01/22/india-makes-initial-bid-selections-for-7-billion-submarine-project/
- Rajagopalan, R. P. (2019, September 3). A New India-France Alliance. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2019/09/a-new-india-france-alliance/
- Rehman, I. (2015, June 4). India-France Relations: Look to the Indian Ocean. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2015/06/india-france-relations-look-to-the-indian-ocean/
- Rej, A. (2021, January 9). France and India Hold Strategic Dialogue. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/france-and-india-hold-strategic-dialogue/
- Roche, E. (2021, April 13). India, France pledge to deepen strategic partnership. https://www.livemint.com/news/world/india-france-pledge-to-deepen-strategic-partnership-11618322351425.html
- Roger, C. (2007, March). Indo-French Defence Cooperation Friends in Need or Friends Indeed? https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/55131/IPCS-ResearchPaper7-Constance.pdf
- Saint-Mézard, I. (2015). The French Strategy in the Indian Ocean and the Potential for Indo-French Cooperation. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PR150312_French-Strategy.pdf
- Sarangi, S. (2019). France in the Indo-Pacific. https://usiofindia.org/publication/usi-journal/france-in-the-indo-pacific/
- Sawhney, A. (2020, May 7). India and France: A joint step forward. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/india-france-joint-step-forward-66844/
- Shetler-Jones, P. (2018). Britain’s Quasi-Alliance with Japan. In L. Simon & U. Speck (Eds.), Natural Partners? Europe, Japan and Security in the Indo-Pacific. Real Instituto Elcano.
- Snyder, G. H. (2007). Alliance Politics. Cornell University Press.
- Sood, R. (2020, January 20). Why France is a reliable strategic partner for India. Observer Research Foundation. https://www.orfonline.org/research/why-france-is-a-reliable-strategic-partner-for-india-60480/
- Sumit, G., & Pardesi, M. S. (2015). Foreign Policy Analysis in India. In K. Brummer & V. Hudson (Eds.), FPA outside North America (pp. 57–76). Lynne Rienner.
- Walt, S. M. (1987). The Origins of Alliances. Cornell University Press.
- Waltz, K. N. (2010). Theory of international politics. Waveland Press.
- Wilkins, T. S. (2019). Security in Asia Pacific: The Dynamics of Alignment. Lynne Rienner.
Regional Balance Strategic Relation South Asia Security and Defence Indo-French