Community Radio in Hungary and Its Place in the Society, Politics, and Education

  • Author: Urszula Doliwa
  • Institution: University of Warmia and Mazury (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6946-7555
  • Author: Gabriella Velics
  • Institution: Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-0168
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 19
  • Pages: 59-77
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202392
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202392.pdf

This article examines the community radio scene in Hungary, focusing on two stations in Budapest: Tilos Radio and EPER Radio. The authors explore the unique characteristics and principles of community radio in Hungary through desk research and interviews with key players in the community radio movement conducted in October 2022. They highlight how these two stations, while differing in their specific forms of community broadcasting, share a commonality of being independent and offering an alternative to mainstream and public radio programming. Sustainability was identified as a significant challenge facing community radio stations in Hungary, primarily because of unfriendly media policy promoting voices supporting the government. The article also provides characteristics of the community radio concept and the historical context of community radio in Hungary, noting that this country was the first in Central and Eastern Europe to incorporate the third broadcasting sector into media law.

REFERENCES:

  • AMARC (1994). The community radio charter for Europe. AMARC. http://www.amarc.org/index.php?p=Community_Radio_Charter_for_Europe.
  • Bajomi-Lazar, P. (2017). Particularistic and Universalistic Media Policies: Inequalities in the Media in Hungary. Javnost – The Public, 24(2), 162–172.
  • Bognar, B., & Pázmány, P. (2018). A culture of resistance: Mass media and its social perception in Central and Eastern Europe. Polish Sociological Review, 202(2), pp. 225–242.
  • CMCS (no year). Media Authority: Centralised Structure and Regulatory Scope. http://medialaws.ceu.hu/media_authority_centralised_more.html.
  • Dobek-Ostrowska, B. (2002). Przejście do demokracji a transformacja systemów medialnych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej [The transition to democracy and the transformation of media systems in Central and Eastern Europe]. In B. Dobek-Ostrowska (Ed.), Transformacja systemów medialnych w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej po 1989 roku (pp. 13–33). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
  • Day, R. (2008). Community Radio in Ireland: Participation and Multi-flows of Communication. Hampton Press.
  • Doliwa, U., & Rankovic, L. (2014). Time for Community Media in Central and Eastern Europe. Central European Journal of Communication, 1(12), 18–33.
  • Doliwa, U. (2016). Radio społeczne w Polsce. Trzeci obok publicznego i komercyjnego sektor radiowy [Community radio. The third sector of media]. Wydawnictwo UWM.
  • Doliwa, U., & Purkarthofer, J. (2021). Community media’s role in changing centre-periphery relations through participatory, not-for-profit journalism. International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics 17(2), 161–182.
  • Doliwa, U., Purkarthofer, J., & Gosztonyi, G. (in print). Pirate radio and its role in the establishment of community radio. Poland, Austria and Hungary – a comparison. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television.
  • eMASA (2011). 157 rádió és tévé lenne közösségi médiaszolgáltató. (157 radio and TV applied for the community status). http://www.emasa.hu/cikk.php?id=8661
  • EPER (2023a). English. https://eper.elte.hu/index.php/english/
  • EPER (2023b). EPER Archive. http://eper.elte.hu/index.php/hangtar-tartalom-kereso/
  • Fraser, C., & Estrada, S. R. (2001). Community radio handbook. Unesco.
  • Gordon, J. (2014). Community radio in the twenty first century. Peter Lang.
  • Gordon, J. (2006). A Comparison of New British Community Radio Stations with Established Australian Community Radio Stations. 3CMedia. Journal of Community, Citizen’s and Third Sector Media and Communication, 2, 15–29.
  • Gosztonyi, G. (2010). Past, Present and Future of the Hungarian Community Radio Movement. In K. Howley (Ed.), Understanding community media (pp. 297–308). SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Gosztonyi, G. (Ed.) (2007). Kisközösségi rádiók Magyarországon. (Community radios in Hungary – research report). Civil Rádiózásért Alapítvány.
  • Gosztonyi, G. (2014). Alternatív (?) média. A közösségi média jogi szabályozásának vetületei [Alternative (?) media. Aspects of the legal regulation of community media]. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó.
  • Hargitai, H. (2014). The state of the Community Radio sector in Hungary 2010-2014. Szabad Rádiók Magyarországi Szervezete.
  • Hargitai, H. (2011). Közös hullámhossz hírszolgálat – az első veszélyhelyzeti ideiglenes közösségi rádió Magyarországon. (Common Wavelength News Service: the first short-term licensed community radio for disaster response and recovery in Hungary). Civil Szemle, 1–2, 21–41.
  • Hargitai, H. (ed.). (2004). Kisközösségi rádiósok kézikönyve (Handbook to community broadcasters). Szabad Rádiók Magyarországi Szervezete.
  • Hungarian Parliament (1996). The Act II of 1996 on Radio and Television. https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4442/file/Hungary_Act_radio_tv_broadcasting_1996_en.pdf.
  • Hungarian Parliament (2010). Act CLXXXV of 2010 on Media Services and on the Mass Media. https://nmhh.hu/dokumentum/106487/act_clxxx_on_media_services_and_mass_media.pdf.
  • International Press Institute (2002, 12 May). Hungary: Fidesz Media Council moves to silence independent station Tilos Rádió. https://ipi.media/hungary-fidesz-media-council-moves-to-silence-independentstation-tilos-radio/
  • Jakubowicz, K., & Sükösd, M. (2008). Twelve concepts regarding media system evolution and democratization in post-communist societies. In K. Jakubowicz, M. Sükösd (Eds.). Finding the right place on the map. Central and Eastern European media change in a global perspective (pp. 9-41). Intellect Books.
  • Jamrisko, T. (2022). A semi-structured interview conducted by Urszula Doliwa and Gabriella Velics in Budapest. 7 October 2022.
  • National Radio and Television Commission (ORTT) (2003). Resolution 1443/2003. (VIII. 27.) sz. ORTT határozat.
  • National Radio and Television Commission (ORTT) (2008). Register of National Radio and Television Commission. http://www.ortt.hu/nyilvantartasok/1212656196kiskozossegi_20080604.xls
  • National Media and Infocommunications Authority (2020). Budapesti és országos napi rádióhallgatottság, 2020. január-március. (Budapest and national daily radio audience, 2020. January-March). https://nmhh.hu/cikk/212210/Budapesti_es_orszagos_napi_radiohallgatottsag_2020_januar__marcius
  • National Media and Infocommunications Authority (2022a). A médiaszolgáltatási jogosultságot pályázat útján elnyert kisközösségi lineáris rádiós médiaszolgáltatások (Media service rights for small community linear radio awarded by tender). https://nmhh.hu/cikk/184695/A_mediaszolgaltatasi_jogosultsagot_palyazat_utjan_elnyert_kiskozossegi_linearis_radios_mediaszolgaltatasok
  • National Media and Infocommunications Authority (2022b). A médiaszolgáltatási jogosultságot pályázat útján elnyert helyi lineáris rádiós médiaszolgáltatások (Media service rights for local linear radio awarded by tender). https://nmhh.hu/cikk/185064/A_mediaszolgaltatasi_jogosultsagot_palyazat_utjan_elnyert_helyi_linearis_radios_mediaszolgaltatasok
  • National Media and Infocommunications Authority (2022c). A médiaszolgáltatási jogosultságot pályázat útján elnyert körzeti lineáris rádiós médiaszolgáltatások (Media service rights for regional linear radio awarded by tender). https://nmhh.hu/cikk/185065/A_mediaszolgaltatasi_jogosultsagot_palyazat_utjan_elnyert_korzeti_linearis_radios_mediaszolgaltatasok
  • Ociepka, Beata (2003). Dla kogo telewizja? Model publiczny w postkomunistycznej Europie Środkowo- Wschodniej [Who is TV for? The public model in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe]. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
  • Pavarala, V., & Kanchan K. M. (2007). Other Voices: The struggle for community radio in India. Delhi, London, Los Angeles, and Singapore: Sage.
  • Safety of journalists platform (2022, 9 May). Media Council Blocks Tilos Rádió’s Licence Renewal. https://fom.coe.int/en/alerte/detail/107637534
  • Tilos Radio Archive (2023). https://tilos.hu/show/tilos-archiv
  • Tilos Cultural Foundation (2023). https://tilos.hu/page/alapitvany
  • Tilos Radio Online Audience (2023). https://tilos.hu/page/extra
  • Velics, G. (2008). Vasi civilek az éterben – két modell értékű kísérlet a közösségi rádiózás tapasztalataival. (Local radio stations for their community in county Vas.). In: S. Nagy Katalin – Orbán Annamária (Eds.). Értékek és normák interdiszciplináris megközelítésben. (Norms and values – an interdisciplinary approach). Gondolat Kiadó, 460–485.
  • Velics, G. (2012). The Changing Situation of Hungarian Community Radio. In J. Gordon (Ed.), Community radio in the twenty-first century (pp. 265–281). Peter Lang.
  • Velics, G. (2021). A közösségi rádiózásról (1993–2008) – A közösségi rádiózás szerepe és funkciói a helyi kommunikációs rendszerben (Community Radio (1993–2008) – The role and functions of community radio in the local communication system). Fakultás Kiadó.
  • Williams, K. (2008). Media w Europie [Media in Europe]. Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.
  • World Press Freedom Index (2022). World Press Freedom Index. https://rsf.org/en/index.

media in CEE EPER Radio Tilos Radio media in Hungary community radio Hungary

Message to:

 

 

© 2017 Adam Marszałek Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Projekt i wykonanie Pollyart