Issue 3

Defence Diplomacy of Selected States – Searching for a Universal Model of Defence Diplomacy

  • Author: Lech Drab
  • Institution: War Studies University (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-3051
  • Published online: 10 November 2022
  • Final submission: 18 October 2022
  • Printed issue: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 14
  • Pages: 71-84
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202262
  • PDF: ppsy/51/ppsy202262.pdf

Defence diplomacy is increasingly important in modern states’ foreign and security policies. The ever-expanding circle of issues of interest fosters the strengthening of the role and importance of defence diplomacy. Alongside the traditional areas of military cooperation based on dialogue and support, other areas of interaction serving international security are becoming more visible. Each state has a different set of instruments at its disposal, and they try to shape defence diplomacy in their own way, taking into account the specificities of their own national interests and the environments in which they operate. Despite their natural differences, there is a common understanding that defence diplomacy can enhance trust and transparency in international relations. Nevertheless, with all the similarities in states or international security organisations, it is not easy to talk about a universal model of defence diplomacy. The wide range of diplomatic instruments allows each state to select and adapt them to the specific situation and the conditions dictated by geopolitics or geo-economics in the relevant international policy areas.

multilateral military cooperation bilateral cooperation defence diplomacy

Continue reading

Multi-Domain Concept of Using A2/AD Capabilities in the Military Strategy of the Russian Federation

  • Author: Mirosław Banasik
  • Institution: Jan Kochanowski University (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-1240
  • Published online: 30 October 2022
  • Final submission: 14 September 2022
  • Printed issue: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 13
  • Pages: 139-151
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202258
  • PDF: ppsy/51/ppsy202258.pdf

This article presents the results of research, which set out to clarify the importance and role played by the concept of using A2/AD capabilities in the military strategy of the Russian Federation. Analysis and criticism of the literature were used to solve the research problems. In order to guide the research process, a hypothesis was formulated, assuming that the Russian concept of using A2/AD capabilities is an operationalisation of a broader military strategy for defeating the adversary, as well as an effective deterrence mechanism. The research process established that the Russian concept of using A2/AD capabilities is a theory and operational practice, a broader military strategy of achieving multi-domain superiority over the adversary by conducting strategic offensive operations. Integrating offensive and defensive operational capabilities plays a key role in this concept, which guarantees possession of the strategic initiative and maintenance of dominance in the international security environment and supports the idea of creating Russian spheres of influence. It also prompts NATO states to counter the supremacy of the Russian Federation.

bastions dominance superiority operational capabilities military strategy

Continue reading

The Criminality of Foreign Nationals in Switzerland as a Security Threat in the Context of Swiss Migration Policy

  • Author: Paweł Olbrycht
  • Institution: General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-5644
  • Published online: 30 December 2022
  • Final submission: 5 December 2022
  • Printed issue: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 16
  • Pages: 181-196
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202269
  • PDF: ppsy/51/ppsy202269.pdf

The purpose of the research was to investigate the scale of crime by foreign nationals in Switzerland in the context of the effectiveness of the assumptions of the migration policy of that state in the area of security. Materials and methods: The research uses literature sources and statistical data on the crime of foreign nationals in Switzerland and its migration policy. The author used qualitative research methods, including the query of literature and strategic documents (using the content analysis technique) and the analysis of statistical data (using the desk research technique). Results: In the context of the three analysed factors, the following trends can be observed: steadily declining crime in Switzerland; the relatively constant level of crime by foreign nationals, especially since 2018; constant, although relatively mildly growing, percentage of foreign nationals’ crime in the overall crime scale. Conclusions: In the context of the assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the assumptions of Switzerland’s migration policy in the area of security, it should be noted that the relatively constant level of the crime rate of foreign nationals, despite their constantly growing population, proves the optimality of these assumptions and their highly effective implementation.

foreign nationals Crime migrants Switzerland security migration policy

Continue reading

Nationalisms, Liberalism, and Game of Force: The New Transformations of Global Governance Between WHO and WTO in the 21st Century

  • Author: Frans Lavdari
  • Institution: LUISS Guido Carli University (Italy)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-0818
  • Published online: 20 December 2022
  • Final submission: 29 November 2022
  • Printed issue: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 22
  • Pages: 5-26
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202268
  • PDF: ppsy/51/ppsy202268.pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine have brought to the surface problems of the modern world that the international community has not seriously addressed. These problems appear to be, on the one hand, the management of global public health and, on the other, relations between states on international trade. These situations are linked to circumstances that have altered the power relations of states over the years, challenging the centrality of the West and the already fragile power of UN institutions. This research analyses the international situation of two UN bodies: the WHO and the WTO, addressing the governance crisis on public health and international trade and trying to understand the causes of the decline in the leadership of their institutions. Adopting a thorough literature review, the findings show how faulty leadership within the UN has led to a significant increase in nationalism among emerging nations, distrust and lack of cooperation. The divergent political visions of members have radically shaken the international balance, triggering a cycle of change in the governance of global health and global trade on a new premise, that of ‘multilevel’ global governance.

international trust COVID-19 vaccination MFN principle international institutions global governance globalisation

Continue reading

Philosophy and Social Sciences in a Securitological Perspective

  • Author: Janusz Świniarski
  • Institution: Military University of Technology (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-4600
  • Published online: 3 January 2023
  • Final submission: 30 September 2022
  • Printed issue: June 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 23
  • Pages: 37-59
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202302
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202302.pdf

The inspiration of this text is the belief of the Pythagoreans that the roots and source of complete knowledge is the quadruple expressed in the “arch-four”, also called as tetractys. Hence the hypothesis considered in this paper is: the basis of the philosophy of social sciences is entangled in these four valours, manifested in what is “general and necessary” (scientific) in social life, the first and universal as to the “principles and causes” of this life (theoretically philosophical) and “which can be different in it” (practically philosophical) and “intuitive”. The quadruple appears with different clarity in the history of human thought, which seeks clarification and understanding of the things being cognised, including such a thing as society. It is exposed in the oath of the Pythagoreans, the writings of Plato and Aristotle, who applied these four valours, among other things, in distinguishing the four types of knowledge and learning about the first four causes and principles. This fourfold division seems to be experiencing a renaissance in contemporary theological-cognitive holism and can be treated as an expressive, a “hard core”, and the basis of research not only of social but mainly of global society as a social system. This entanglement of the foundations of the philosophy of the social sciences leads to the suggestion of defining this philosophy as the knowledge of social being composed of “what is general and necessary” (scientific), genetically first, universal (theoretically philosophical) and “being able to be different” (philosophically practical) and intuitive.

the four elements of the social system the first four causes First Causes according to the Big Bang Theory philosophy of social sciences scientific philosophy intuition knowledge Science philosophy

Continue reading

Drugs and State Vigilantism as a Strategy of Political Activity: The Example of Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia

  • Author: Kornel Bielawski
  • Institution: University of Gdańsk (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-5714
  • Published online: 15 January 2023
  • Final submission: 20 December 2022
  • Printed issue: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 12
  • Pages: 153-164
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202306
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202306.pdf

The problem of distribution and consumption of intoxicating substances is considered a socially harmful phenomenon and Southeast Asia is a region particularly affected by drugs. In the face of this challenge, the heads of many states undertake radical actions, going beyond the legal framework, referred to as state vigilantism. Based on the example of three selected political leaders (Thaksin Shinawatra, Rodrigo Duterte and Joko Widodo), the author points out how radical strategies for fighting the drug problem contribute to increasing popularity, even though the problem has not been resolved since the early 1970s. Cross-comparison analysis of the three mentioned cases aims at identifying sources of effectiveness and attractiveness of populist methods that have not changed significantly for fifty years. Among them the author argues that vigilantism grows out of populism and takes the form of a spectacle containing such elements as dehumanising discourse, extrajudicial killings and the theme of the nation’s morality at risk.

political strategy state vigilantism drugs Southeast Asia Populism

Continue reading

New Perspectives on the Use of Satellite Information in Contemporary Armed Conflicts and Crisis Management

  • Author: Krzysztof Goniewicz
  • Institution: Polish Air Force University (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-6850
  • Published online: 31 January 2023
  • Final submission: 2 January 2023
  • Printed issue: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 10
  • Pages: 27-36
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202307
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202307.pdf

Among current global threats, the risk of developing an emergency requires a comprehensive approach from all entities involved in crisis management. Despite the advanced technologies available to predict each threat, taking appropriate countermeasures is often impossible. Often the best solution is to prepare in advance and act efficiently after the occurrence of a given threat event. It is also crucial to implement the latest methods and solutions that allow for better preparation and response in case of an emergency. This article presents the results of the analysis of the use of modern satellite systems aimed at, among others, improving security in the event of armed conflicts and crises. This perspective is written for two reasons. Foremost is to present the potential of the existing Polish security system, which aims to reduce the risks and minimise the problems of crisis management associated with natural disasters. Secondly, to foster a discussion and create a basis for exchanging information and advances within the countries implementing similar solutions. It is especially crucial in joint actions with neighbouring countries in case of emergencies and disasters in border areas.

disasters remote sensing disaster preparedness satellite data conflicts crisis management

Continue reading

OSCE Operational Capacity in the Regulation of Armed Conflicts in the Countries of the Former Eastern Bloc (1991–2021)

  • Author: Julia Kołodziejska
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-6575
  • Published online: 15 February 2023
  • Final submission: 13 January 2023
  • Printed issue: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Page no: 22
  • Pages: 117-138
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202310
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202310.pdf

The purpose of this article is to present the operational capabilities of the OSCE in regulating armed conflicts and their application in the former Eastern bloc countries. In order to show the role of the OSCE in the regulation of armed conflicts, OSCE operational capabilities have been structured in a conceptual grid including: OSCE regulatory tools – in the form of missions, field offices and field coordinators; regulatory mechanisms and emergency mechanisms applied in the light of the peaceful pathways of OSCE involvement in the regulatory process. The common feature of operation at each phase is the broadly understood maintenance of stability or achieving stability. There are armed conflicts against which the OSCE has selectively used regulatory activity, omitting certain phases of the conflict, and those against which the application of regulatory tools has not led to lasting stabilisation. The results presented in the paper confirm the correctness of considering the above theories against the background of the conflict cycle concept. Institutional and legal analysis and comparative analysis were used in this paper.

field operations operational capabilities armed conflicts Eastern Bloc OSCE security

Continue reading

Organization of General Elections during a Pandemic. A Comparative Analysis of Poland and the Czech Republic

  • Author: Rafał Miszczuk
  • Institution: University of Szczecin (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-6640
  • Author: Joanna Martyniuk-Placha
  • Institution: University of Szczecin (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2202-1534
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 197-212
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202380
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202380.pdf

The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of the new methods used to organise the 2020 general elections in Poland and the Czech Republic, which were held in the state of the SARS-19 virus pandemic. This paper analyses the voting methods introduced in connection with sanitary regulations in both countries and the scale of votes cast in this way in relation to the total. It discusses and compares the requirements introduced that voters and electoral commission members had to meet on voting day to minimise the risk of infection with the virus. The text shows a number of similarities in both countries in terms of the measures applied to prevent the spread of the virus associated with a personal visit to a polling station. An additional aspect of the comparative analysis of the covid-voting methods in the two countries was a discussion of voting rules for those infected or in quarantine on voting day. Analysis of the data showed that in both countries the alternative voting method, was not very popular.

COVID-19 voting electoral law elections

Continue reading

Efficiency of the Control and Command System in Crisis Management

  • Author: Jarosław Wołejszo
  • Institution: Calisia University (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7216-3496
  • Author: Mariusz Feltynowski
  • Institution: The Main School of Fire Service (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5614-8387
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 85-100
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202381
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202381.pdf

The article presents conclusions (theses) from research in the area of crisis management systems. The first part presents the issues of system definition, crisis management, and the crisis management system. In the following part, the concept of a control and command system in crisis management is defined as a project for further discussion among scientists dealing with crisis management. The principles of coordination, synchronization and cooperation in crisis management are also discussed. The aim of the research was to define the elements (subsystems) of the control and command system in crisis management. The following question was posed as the main research problem: ‘What elements (subsystems) should form a control and command system in crisis management to ensure its efficient functioning?’ The article presents the results of the research.

synchronization and cooperation in crisis management command system control and command system in crisis management coordination crisis management

Continue reading

The role of the Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland in ensuring cybersecurity

  • Author: Mirosław Karpiuk
  • Institution: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-8999
  • Author: Anna Makuch
  • Institution: University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-4407
  • Author: Urszula Soler
  • Institution: The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7868-8261
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 61-69
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202383
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202383.pdf

Cybersecurity belongs to the area of activity of state and supra-state actors, giving direction to national and international systems of law as components of national and supranational systems of political, economic, military cooperation, etc. Still, the state has a monopoly on the causality of lawmaking, which forms the basis of cyberspace use security activities. The state responds to national security needs by actively participating in the formation of the collective security order of the supranational level. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significance of the national Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland for ensuring the safe use of cyberspace. The Strategy, while referring to the national order, is at the same time an implementation of supranational arrangements within the scopes adopted by the state authorities, which means that the Strategy is subjected to logical evaluation depending on the impact of cyber conditions or binding arrangements of the international environment. The text is based on two research methods: the doctrinal legal research method to analyse the applicable legal regulations governing the issues related to the strategic aspects of cybersecurity and the law theory method aimed at evaluating the strategic solutions in respect of security in cyberspace.

cybersecurity strategy cyberspace social security public security cybersecurity

Continue reading

The impact of the proliferation of ballistic missiles technology on international security

  • Author: Jarosław Indyk
  • Institution: Pedagogical University in Krakow (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-0797
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 101-115
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202384
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202384.pdf

Due to the rapid development of technology after the Second World War, the way of conducting conflict has changed significantly. One of the branches of the armaments industry that has developed the most is space technology and related to it ballistic missiles. Undoubtedly, possession by international entity ballistic missile technology, especially in connection with weapons of mass destruction, increases the importance and role of this entity on the international arena. Therefore, the proliferation of this technology or ready-made missile systems has a significant impact on regional and international security. Therefore, in order to explain this phenomenon, the first part of the article describes the role of ballistic missiles for international security. In the second part, author describes varied ways how international actor, such a state or organization may come into possession of ballistic missiles and also the methods used to stop or limit proliferation i.e. counter-proliferation methods. The last part of this article describes the ways how selected examples states such us Egypt, People’s Republic of China, Israel, India, North Korea, Iraq and South Africa have come into possession of ballistic missile technology. In connection with the above, it will be possible to show what proliferation of this kind of technology looked like and may look like in practice.

Ballistic missile technology international security proliferation globalization

Continue reading

The Impact of the Mass Migration of Syrian Refugees on Turkish Cities

  • Author: Dominika Liszkowska
  • Institution: Koszalin University of Technology (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-341X
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 165-180
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202385
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy202385.pdf

Currently, Türkiye is a country with the largest number of refugees in the world. Over 3.7 million of them come from Syria. At the beginning of the migration crisis which affected European Union member states, Türkiye as a transit destination provided refugees with a place at Temporary Accommodation Centers (TACs). After signing the agreement with the European Union (on March, 21 2016) and with the increasing number of refugees in Türkiye, it became impossible to place all of them in refugee camps. Syrians began to migrate not only to border cities and towns, but also to Istanbul and other Turkish metropolises. This article aims to show the impact of refugees on the situation of Istanbul and other Turkish cities. The analysis is intended to answer the following questions: how did refugees change the structure of Turkish cities? How did the migrations of the Syrian community affect the border cities of Türkiye and the metropolises in the western and central part of the country? Which socio-economic problems did the increase in the number of refugees generate in Türkiye? What kind of social problems arose in Turkish cities with the arrival of Syrian refugees?

Türkiye cities migrations refugees migration crisis

Continue reading

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2023
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/52/ppsy20233tocs.pdf

Message to:

 

 

© 2017 Adam Marszałek Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Projekt i wykonanie Pollyart