Volume 34 (2005)

Polish standpoint on the European Constitution

  • Author: Joanna Marszałek–Kawa
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University of Toruń (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5-21
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005001
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005001.pdf

The European Council summit took place on 14 and 15 December 2001 in Laeken. The conference participants unanimously confirmed their readiness to close the accession negotiations before the end of 2002. In Declaration on the Future of the European Union the chiefs of states and heads of governments of the member states established the European Convention. It was also stated that the Convention’s task would be to prepare and lead a discussion on the future of the European Union and organize an Intergovernmental Conference in 2004. During the summit anagreement was reached according to which without institutional reforms the EU would not be able to fully use the enlargement profits. As Joschka Fischer adequately pointed “the enlargement process is a suitable opportunity for carrying out the reforms”.

Polish standpoint European Constitution Europe

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The Parties Empowered to Lodge a Constitutional Complaint in Poland and in Selected European Countries – Legal–comparative Study

  • Author: Bogumił Szmulik
  • Institution: UKSW (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 31-43
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005003
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005003.pdf

The parties empowered to lodge a constitutional complaint under the Polish model are defined in Article 79(1) of the Polish Constitution, stating that: “Everyone whose constitutional freedoms or rights have been infringed, shall have the right to appeal to the Constitutional Tribunal (...). The above quoted article is considered to have the fundamental significance in the process of identification of the parties entitled to lodge a constitutional complaint, so in other words, provides a clear answer to the question who can effectively lodge such a complaint in order for the adequate proceedings to be officially opened (however – which is explainedin detail in this article – having fulfilled certain specifi ed objective conditions).

European Countries comparative study Constitutional Complaint Poland

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Poland and the Visegrád Group – an effective interest coalition in the enlarged Union?

  • Author: Ewa Suwara
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University of Toruń (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 46-58
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005004
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005004.pdf

The end of Cold War left Central Europe facing rediscovered tensions, but with little training in co-operation. Bilateral, regional and sub-regional co-operation, both at the intergovernmental and trans-frontier levels for example between the BENELUX countries and between Nordic Countries, has been an integral part of the process of European integration since 1945, but it was relatively underdeveloped in Central Europe.

Poland Visegrád Group coalition

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Continuity and Evolution of Operational Methods of Underground Solidarity in Toruń and the Region under the Martial Law and in the Following Years (13 December 1981–4 June 1989)

  • Author: Wojciech Polak
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University of Toruń (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 59-67
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005005
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005005.pdf

Plans to impose the martial law in the region of Toruń have been prepared since autumn 1980. Already in February a list of people to be interned was completed, it was, however, successively actualized. On the night of 12 December 1981 the militia and army troops seized some works in Toruń, the seat of Toruń Solidarity was also demolished. The leading activists of Solidarity, Solidarity of Individual Farmers and Independent Students’ Association (the NZS) have been interned. Further arrestments of individual activists have continued till autumn 1982. Strikes proclaimed in the works of Toruń within the very first days of martial law were suppressed quickly. The longest, one-day protest, took place on 13 December 1981 at Nicolaus Copernicus University. In the first days of the martial law Solidarity and Independent Students Association activists, who have managed so far to escape internments, took steps to rescue and secure the organizations’ property, which later turned out to be extremely useful at underground work.

Toruń Evolution of Operational Methods Underground Solidarity in Toruń

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Presidents of the Third Republic of Poland. Styles of Exercising Power

  • Author: Agnieszka Kasińska–Metryka
  • Institution: Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 23-30
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005002
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005002.pdf

The notion of ‘style’ with reference to power is inherently vague and non-existent in the research terminology of social science. On the other hand though, it is difficult to find a more adequate expression to describe a peculiar, individual way of making use of powers deriving not so much from systematic adjustments as from the personality of a leader. Political power does not simply come down to a simple mechanism of giving and executing orders. It is a sort of performance demanding appropriate requisites lights, prestige and actors. As Herman suitably states: authority by its very nature seeks obedience and enhances prestige. Adopting a common view that each leader is a product of his own age, the personality of a president, therefore, incorporates both individual features and a shared experience of his generation. Considering the ways of realization the presidential power in Poland after 1989 it should be referred not only to its institutional or political aspects but also to historical and cultural background as factors co-determining this peculiar model of leadership.

Presidents Republic of Poland Poland

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Polish–German Military Cooperation After Joining NATO

  • Author: Daniel Kawa
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 69-75
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005006
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005006.pdf

Political cooperation between Poland and Germany has not been running smoothly lately. It has been a long time since those relations had such bad press. The idea of the Center Against Expulsions, the matter of war reparations or discussions concerning the shape of the European Constitution are the issues which have made our relations colder. However, there is a area of co-operation, the military sphere, where co-operation runs exemplary. In this article I would like to draw attention to a few issues connected with this matter.

Polish–German Military Polish–German relations NATO

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Parisian Culture's Views on Eastern Europe as a Factor in Contemporary Polish Foreign Policy

  • Author: Iwona Hofman
  • Institution: Marie Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 77-86
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005007
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005007.pdf

When analyzing events which unfolded in the Ukraine during the final months of 2004 and the involvement of Polish politicians and public opinion in the struggle for the preservation of the democratic character of presidential elections, a question arises regarding the connection of their actions with the political projects of Jerzy Giedroyć, the founder and sole editor of an influential magazine and a centre of political thought, which was Culture, published in Maisons-Laffitte, near Paris, in the years 1947–2000. Historians and political scientists rightly emphasize the fact that the „Eastern doctrine”, also known as the ULB doctrine (from the abbreviation of „Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus”), has been a constant element of Polish foreign policy since 1989. Generally speaking, Giedroyć was convinced that nationalist impulses would eventually destroy the Russian empire from within, and a sovereign Poland would gain three new neighbours in the East: Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus. This process was expected to take place in the near future, as foreseen by Culture contributors who called on the émigrés from Eastern Europe to work together in laying solid foundations for the future partnership.

Parisian Culture Eastern Europe Polish foreign policy foreign policy

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The picture of contemporary nationalism – the case of Central and Eastern Europe

  • Author: Sebastian Wojciechowski
  • Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 85-92
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005008
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005008.pdf

In contemporary Europe, there can be noted the overlapping and rivalry of the two signifi cant tendencies, which are becoming stronger and stronger. On one hand, one can notice multilevel processes of integration and conditions connected with them and that are concerned with democracy, tolerance, globalization, etc. On the other hand, one can observe disintegrative factors of various kind, which refer to actions and postures connected with chauvinism, xenophobia, neo- fascism and separatism. In the second view, especially in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), various aspects connected with nationalism seem to be of great significance. This is clearly reflected by the events which took place in, for example, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo or Macedonia.

Central and Eastern Europe nationalism international relations

The position of international migrations in political science. Methodological and theoretical conceptions of research development

  • Author: Jacek Knopek
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 93-102
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005009
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005009.pdf

One of the characteristic features of modern world are migrations of people. They are caused either by social or economic and political reasons of respective states and regions of the world. Population processes constitute, at present, a global problem. In the consequence of population’s number fast increase and the irregular economic development of the world, they still remain as an actual research question. An universal regularity of present migratory processes is a decrease of birth rate along with improving the life conditions. The highest birth rate can be observed in the poorest countries. Depopulation tendencies occur, in turn, in economically developed countries. Apart from economic factors, the differences in population increase, are also influenced by social and cultural conditions of a certain region, and the evolution of political system and programs of ruling elite. Greatly diverse is also, so called, the “quality” of contemporary migration. It is presented alike by poor, uneducated people and highly educated specialists from diff erent fi elds of social and economic life.

political science international migrations research development

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Regional Cooperation of Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) and the Globalisation Challenges

  • Author: Renata Runiewicz–Jasińska
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 103-109
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005010
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005010.pdf

This publication aims at presenting the signifi cance of the regionalization or rather integration process taking place in post-communist Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) in the light of globalisation, with particular attention on political and economic aspects. This article also aims at presenting this problem in a very concise way, both substantially and quantitatively. The Europe of the XXI century is an integrating Europe, and by means of regional integration it moves towards a higher range of integration – globalisation. Thus, each European country, including post-communist Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) while adapting to quality changes of contemporariness, realizes both the regionalization or integration processes, as well as globalisation one.

Baltic States Globalisation Challenges Regional Cooperation

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Presidential Power in Foreign Policyand Military Interventions. Case Study of the Selected Examples, 1958–Present

  • Author: Łukasz Wordliczek
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University in Kraków (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 111-130
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005011
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005011.pdf

A common knowledge shapes our perception of the world and forms our understanding of political phenomena. And almost everyone could agree with the argument that circumstances influence politics. The ebbs and flows in influence, power, prerogatives, performance, and activity of many political actors are an effect of changes in the world outside of them. But one may reasonably argue: what is the cause and what is the result? Is it really true the circumstances evidently, clearly have an effect on e.g. US presidential prerogatives? Or, quite contrary, is the actual, current politics as active as the presidents used their power? The article is about how the two worlds infl uence each other, what are the mutual connections between politics and political actors’ powers.

Presidential Power foreign policy Military Interventions

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Foreign Affairs in Democratic and Republican Policies: a Comparative Study

  • Author: Wojciech Stankiewicz
  • Institution: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 131-151
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005012
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005012.pdf

According to a nationwide survey conducted in July 2004 by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press in association with the Council on Foreign Affairs 41% of those surveyed cited war, foreign policy and terrorism as the most important problems facing the United States of America. For the first time since the Vietnam era American voters are more concerned about international and defense issues than the economy or other domestic issues in the upcoming presidential election; thus the importance of foreign affairs in Democratic and Republican Parties’ platforms.

Republican Policies Democratic foreign policy

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The Polish–American Congress, Poland, and the Warsaw Uprising

  • Author: Donald Pienkos
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 153-160
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005013
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005013.pdf

The Warsaw Uprising of August to October 1944 is a most appropriate subject given the impending 60th anniversary observance of this heroic and tragic occurrence. Our panel affords us with the opportunity to discuss and to reflect on this event, which in many ways embodies so much of the larger story of modern Poland. Our discussion occurs also at a time when we recall many other events of 1944, a climactic year in World War II. June 6 marks the 60th anniversary of the successful and massive Allied military invasion of France in Normandy. This victory was the decisive military achievement of the United States of America and its allies against Nazi Germany on the western front.

Polish–American Congress Congress international relations

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Escalation/De–escalation Modelsof Ethnic Conflict

  • Author: Wojciech Kostecki
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 161-179
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005014
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005014.pdf

The starting point of theoretical discourse on social conflicts, including ethnic ones, usually concerns their inevitability. This is because they form a specific class of social conflicts and as such are inherent – and crucial – for all social relations. A lot of notable works on the subject include such observation. ‘Conflict, of course, is intrinsic to human society and is often an agent of reform, adaptation, and development. But conflict can also engender destructive violence’, writes Richard H. Solomon. Conflicts perform the role of both social destroyers and creators, says Johan Galtung, and stresses: ‘Conflict generates energy. The problem is how to channel that energy constructively.’

Ethnic Conflict society

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International Visitor Leadership Program

  • Author: Sebastian Wojciechowski
  • Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 181-186
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005015
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005015.pdf

In spring 2005 I received an invitation from the US Department of State to visit the USA. Under an international research project International Visitor Leadership Program I took part in more than 70 different appointments, panel discussions, conferences and lectures. My stay was an individual and open one which means that it was arranged for a single person and several months in advance I was able to indicate the towns, universities and institutions I would like to visit and name the persons I would like to meet. The stay was also arranged in a way that provided me with an opportunity to become well acquainted with the United States both through the perspective of US cities (such as New York, Boston and Seattle), middle-sized towns (e.g. Buff alo and Indianapolis) and US provinces. The differences are by no means trivial both with respect to sizes and infrastructure as well as cultural and moral aspects. Diff erences may also be observed when comparing the East and West Coast. The complete itinerary of my visit included Washington – Hartford – Buffalo – Chicago – Indianapolis – Bloomington – Minneapolis – Seattle – Boston – New York.

report leadership Visitor Leadership

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Book Review: Anna Muller's “The Road from Dictatorship to Democracy on Examples of Spain and Poland”

  • Author: Joanna Marszałek–Kawa
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 187-189
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005016
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005016.pdf

In 2004 a remarkably interesting book appeared on Polish book market, written by a young researcher of Gdańsk’s circle, entitled The Road from Dictatorship to Democracy on Examples of Spain and Poland. This work is a subsequent volume of a publishing series Poland-European Union-Integration published under the patronage of Marshal of Senat of the Republic of Poland, Longin Pastusiak.

book review Anna Muller

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Book Review: “Komunitarianie. Wybór tekstów”

  • Author: Łukasz Dominiak
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2005
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 190-193
  • DOI Address: http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2005017
  • PDF: ppsy/34/ppsy2005017.pdf

The dynamic and range of polemics among social scientists can testify to branches of science vivacity and progress. Especially when those polemics’ implications are not closed inside the academic world, but they influence social and political life. This situation refers to liberal-communitarian debate. In 1956 Peter Laslett in Philosophy, Politics and Society announced the death of political philosophy. This subdisciplines’ end, as well as the whole philosophy, was connected with the rudimental modern world’s split in the humanistic and scientific vision. The collapse and rot of the political philosophy (Leo Strauss) reached their culmination in the logical positivism and its derivatives’ supremacy time. This neopositivism had been looking for the clear criteria of the science and metaphysic’s demarcation and, at the same time, had tried to exclude metaphysic outside the legitimated reflection. 

Paweł Śpiewak Łukasz Dominiak book review

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