Issue 2

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy20242toc.pdf

Notes Towards a Multifaceted Approach to Political Stability

  • Author: Radu Carp
  • Institution: University of Bucharest (Romania)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-8836
  • Author: Łukasz Perlikowski
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4504-7625
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5-14
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202413
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024201.pdf

This paper seeks to improve comprehension of issues related to political stability. The primary elucidating tool employed is the multifaceted approach to political stability. This is the idea that similar political stability mechanisms can be observed in many different political contexts. These phenomena consist of conspicuous discrepancies between the stability of dimensions or layers of the political sphere. The lack of congruency between political stability and economic stability, differences between the stability of government authorities and the stability of the whole political system, or the gap between social and political stability are examples that are not difficult to grasp in ordinary observations of political appearances. The main task of this paper is to explain and elaborate on the reasons behind this phenomenon. As an additional value, some suggestions of how our findings can change the view on the method of research on political stability are to be found. The outcome of our investigation can be applied to comparative politics, constitutional studies, and political system analysis. The paper is particularly significant for empirically oriented political theory.

asynchronism system analysis approach multifaceted approach to political stability political stability political theory

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Political and Economic Dimensions of the Dominance of Selected Asian Recycling Yards in the World

  • Author: Małgorzata Kamola-Cieślik
  • Institution: University of Szczecin (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-3969
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 15-30
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202414
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024202.pdf

India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have dominated the global ship recycling market in the 21st century. A recycled ship provides steel and other metals for industrial reuse. In addition to economic gains, ship recycling affects the environment and workers’ health. The article compares the changes in the policies of the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan regarding recycling shipyard operations from 2009-2022 in the context of international and EU law standards. It also shows the impact of international organizations, shipbuilding trade unions, Shipbreaking Platform non-governmental, Maersk shipping company, and Norway on the decisions of South Asian countries to make them ratify the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. Analysis of the collected research material allows us to conclude that the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have shown varying degrees of understanding of introducing legal regulations for safe ship recycling.

ship recycling industry South Asian countries government policy international law trade unions

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The State and Catholics in Vietnam

  • Author: Małgorzata Pietrasiak
  • Institution: University of Łódź (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-1483
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 31-43
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202311
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024203.pdf

The article falls within the political science of religion, a “transactional” perspective. A critical point at stake here is preserving the political system, which officially draws on socialist ideas, and Hochiminhism, which consists of the deferring of liberal democracy. A historical background of the emergence of Catholicism in Vietnam has been shown, which proves that Catholics operated under the shadow of anti-national and anti-patriotic accusations. This narrative was additionally strengthened during Indochina’s war when the ruling Communist Party required consolidation around nationalist and communist ideas. The change brought by the reform of Doi Moi, which on the first plan put up economic liberalization followed by greater tolerance and openness, but without changing the party system. Catholics enjoy greater freedom; they can also join the Communist Party, which, in return, expects stabilization and support for the political system. New forms of cooperation with religious groups have been developed. However, some of them are still criticized, including limitations related to the registration of religious groups and control by the state apparatus.

history of Vietnamese Catholicism religious freedoms Vietnam political science of religion

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The Present and Future of Local Self-Government in the Republic of Kazakhstan

  • Author: Krystian Pachucki-Włosek
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-5441
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 45-58
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202415
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024204.pdf

After the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Kazakhstan’s policymakers recognized that the existing model of state governance had proved ineffective and needed to be changed. One of the necessary solutions was to carry out decentralization. The primary purpose of the following article is to outline the barriers that Kazakhstan needs to remove if it is serious about building local self-government independence. Confronting these with the President’s vision of the transformation of local self-government led to the following research questions: What organizational and legal issues remain unresolved or constitute a barrier to the construction of independent local government structures in the Republic of Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union?; to what extent do the changes proposed by President Kasym Tokayev meet the real challenges in the context of expanding the autonomy of local power structures? Answering the questions posed was possible by analyzing legal acts and finding literature and press materials.

Kazakhstan Akim Maslikhat

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A Qualitative Analysis of Organizational Changes That Were Steered by the Results-Based Finance Program in Zimbabwe

  • Author: Artwell Manyera
  • Institution: University of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-5899
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 59-79
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202416
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024205.pdf

The study analyzes qualitatively the organizational changes steered by the Results Based Finance program (RBF) in Zimbabwe using a case study of Marondera and Zvishavane districts. The research findings are based on the key informants’ responses from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Some qualitative information was sourced from field observations and institutional RBF reports. It was established that significant organizational changes had been driven since the launch of the RBF program in the Marondera and Zvishavane districts in 2011. The changes were categorically stipulated in the RBF program implementation manual. The responsibilities of executive members at both the district and provincial levels expanded. Some of the changes include the introduction of District Steering Committees (DSCs) and Community Based Organizations (CBOs). Furthermore, Health Centre Committees (HCCs) were engaged in implementing the RBF program. Nevertheless, the organizational changes were not augmented by capacity building and empowerment amongst the CBOs, HCCs, and DSCs. Moreover, there was no adequate material and financial support for the new changes. Thus, there is a need to reinforce the organizational changes of health financing programs through robust capacity building among stakeholders engaged.

qualitative analysis organizational changes results-based finance program Zimbabwe

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French Chambers of Commerce and Industry as Participants in Local Collaborative Governance and Collaborative Management

  • Author: Katarzyna Walkowiak
  • Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-7277
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 81-98
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202417
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024206.pdf

Local governance continues to be one of the key concepts in the contemporary approach to the functioning of local government, administration, and public management. The most crucial premise of this concept is the interactive way of exercising power, where various actors identify and implement joint projects, including residents, community organizations, and public and private institutions. Despite significant interest in this concept, it needs further analysis and refinement. In academia, the lack of conceptual clarity makes it difficult to analyze and identify the differences in collaborative governance and management processes. In practice, the concept’s full potential is not recognized, which hinders its application in local decision-making. An attempt has been made to fill this research gap by analyzing the role of French chambers of commerce and industry as participants in local collaborative governance and collaborative management. Chambers of commerce and industry have a long tradition and are a permanent element of the French political system. Their current status is the outcome of a long historical process and institutional development closely linked to France’s significant political and economic changes. Through literature and data analysis, as well as the study of documents, selected aspects of the activity of chambers of commerce and industry in local collaborative governance and collaborative management are presented, as well as identifying the challenges faced by these institutions in the process of collaboration with local authorities and other stakeholders.

chambers of commerce and industry collaborative management collaborative governance local governance

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Interrogating School Environment as Determinant of Students’ Academic Achievement in Government as a School Subject

  • Author: Abayomi Ogunsola
  • Institution: Emmanuel Alayande University of Education (Nigeria)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-0605
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 99-109
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202418
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024207.pdf

Several factors are responsible for attaining the academic success of the learners, but more importantly, the home environment, the school location, and other environmental factors surrounding the school go a long way in determining the teaching and learning outcome. The environment under which learning takes place influences, to a greater extent, the attainment of the students’ achievement. Therefore, this study interrogated the school environment as a determinant of students’ academic achievement in Government with detailed reference to the Atiba Local Government Area of Oyo State. Students studying Government as a school subject were the population of this study. Six (6) Senior Secondary Schools were drawn as samples. Twenty (20) students were selected from each school, totaling One Hundred and Twenty (120) participants. The questionnaire was adopted for data collection, while data analysis was by rank order, percentages, and mean. The study availed itself of both primary and secondary sources of data gathering and consequently discovered that the parents’ education and home environmental factors significantly impact students’ achievement in Government. It was recommended that the home and other environmental factors determine academic achievement, as this can accelerate the rate at which students learn and achieve their educational pursuits.

environment school relocation academic achievement government

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Liberals Among Us: Socio-Demographic Determinants of Liberal Attitudes in Poland

  • Author: Radosław Marzęcki
  • Institution: Pedagogical University of Cracow (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-8878
  • Author: Marcin Chmielowski
  • Institution: Freedom and Entrepreneurship Foundation (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6583-2260
  • Author: Kris Kaleta
  • Institution: Manchester Metropolitan University (United Kingdom)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-560X
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 111-135
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202419
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024208.pdf

The authors of this article attempt to describe in detail the determinants and structure of the beliefs and views of Polish society on a liberal to anti-liberal values continuum. The first research objective was to determine the extent of social and economic freedom that respondents expect in their relations with others and in their relations with state institutions. In addition, the authors wanted to identify the socio-demographic characteristics that significantly differentiate these liberal orientations, as well as the factors that independently determine the adoption of liberal views. The detailed hypotheses were verified based on an analysis of data collected in a nationwide telephone survey (CATI) conducted on a representative sample of 1,000 adult Polish citizens. The survey used an original questionnaire consisting of 31 quantitative scales, which were used to construct the Liberalism/Libertarianism Index (LLI) and to categorize respondents into “Polish Liberals” and “Polish Libertarians.” Higher index values indicate stronger and more consistent liberal attitudes in economic as well as axiological (social) terms. More liberal orientations were found to be held by respondents declaring higher incomes, younger, better educated, and less religious, although only age, some party preferences, and religious practices act as independent predictors of LLI.

liberalism libertarianism ideology freedom social liberalism economic liberalism political attitudes correlates of liberalism

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“Not The Economy, Stupid?” – Exploring the Potential Causes of a Future Polexit Departure from the EU

  • Author: Artur Kozłowski
  • Institution: WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-192X
  • Author: Grzegorz Krzykowski
  • Institution: WSB Merito University in Gdańsk (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-7275
  • Author: Grahame Fallon
  • Institution: Brunel University (United Kingdom)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4066-6328
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 137-166
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202420
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024209.pdf

This paper explores the economic and non-economic factors that could potentially lead to a Polish decision to remain within or leave the EU, following a future potential Polexit referendum. The study aims to determine the relative impact of Polish citizens’ values and attitudes on their support for their country’s continued EU membership and integration, at such a crucial time. The research is based on a survey conducted in December 2021, with a stratified sample of 1,517 respondents, and a statistical analysis of the findings. The results suggest that the relative importance of these factors could vary considerably, with economic factors potentially playing a less significant role than sociocultural and political elements. We argue that this projected outcome is likely to be influenced by citizens’ socio-demographic backgrounds, their perceived levels of economic security or insecurity, and differences in their economic and non-economic values, thereby creating potential opportunities for future populist Eurosceptic politicians in Poland to exploit, underlining the potential implications of these findings.

Brexit Polexit Poland EU fragmentation Euroscepticism EU support social components

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Functions of Fiscal Policy Concerning Agriculture in Poland After Accession to the European Union (2004–2022)

  • Author: Ryszard Kata
  • Institution: University of Rzeszów (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6085-3935
  • Author: Andrzej Czyżewski
  • Institution: University of Zielona Góra (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-6824
  • Author: Anna Matuszczak
  • Institution: Poznań University of Economics and Business (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5045-5447
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 167-188
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202421
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024210.pdf

This study conducted a comprehensive and thorough evaluation of budget expenditures on agriculture in Poland from 2004 to 2022 through the prism of fiscal policy functions (i.e., allocative, redistributive, and stabilizing functions). The volume, fundamental dynamics and structure of the budget expenditures on agriculture were meticulously analyzed, as were the impacts of those expenditures on the implementation of key objectives of agricultural policy—that is, objectives related to the level and stability of farm income and the dynamics of investment in agriculture. It was determined that redistributive expenditures dominated the structure of budget expenditures on agriculture during the post-accession period. By contrast, the shares of allocative and stabilization expenditures fluctuated widely. Moreover, agricultural budget expenditures had a positive effect on reducing the income disparity of farmers relative to other socioeconomic groups. However, the redistributive effect of budget expenditures was only strong during the initial few years after Poland acceded to the European Union. The findings of this study revealed that agricultural budget expenditures have a positive effect on the stabilization of agricultural income and the investment activity of farmers, thereby supporting development processes in agriculture.

agricultural budget expenditures fiscal policy functions Common Agricultural Policy

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Social Services in the Era of Social Investment State in Poland and Czech Republic. The Case Analysis of the Child and Elderly Care Services

  • Author: Agnieszka Makarewicz
  • Institution: University of Wrocław (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-4810
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 189-202
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202422
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024211.pdf

The investment approach in social policy, a response to the economic, social, and demographic changes in European countries, has its unique and intriguing interpretation in the Central European context. The article’s main aim is to identify and analyze two trends in the social policy of the EU Member States, which are coherent with the paradigm of the state of social investment. The first is the reduction of institutional support, resulting in deinstitutionalization and ceding the responsibility for care services to the family. The other trend reshaping the traditional models of social policy is the marketization of social care services provided to children and older adults. Because of their historical background, the countries analyzed, Poland and the Czech Republic, adopted the social investment paradigm, creating a unique and intriguing Central European interpretation.

social services familiarization childcare marketization elderly care social investment

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Electromobility: Safety or a Threat to Poland’s Transport?

  • Author: Katarzyna Głodowska
  • Institution: Military University of Technology (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1234-7506
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 203-220
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202423
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024212.pdf

The trend following the purchase of electric-powered vehicles is currently the biggest challenge of the Polish automotive industry. Increasing restrictions and looming deadlines for selling electric-only cars contribute to their increasing purchase numbers. It is known that electric vehicles require a stable charging infrastructure. From 2020 to 2022, infrastructure development is significant in Poland, but is it sufficient? Is this the main drawback of owning an electric vehicle? More and more users are charging their cars locally at their places of residence, but not everyone has this option. This raises the question of whether it is safe to own an electric vehicle. Is it possible to cover the route from point A to point B without much trouble? Awareness of the need to stop longer to charge an electric vehicle is not a problem among the Polish public; a bigger and more significant issue is the number of publicly available charging points. Therefore, these topics will be analyzed more extensively in this article; the possibilities of alternative charging and energy harvesting methods will be presented, as the growing interest in electric-powered vehicles and the indicated questions regarding the development of charging infrastructure and safety for electric vehicle users will be answered.

electromobility vehicles electric charging

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Selected Issues Concerning Critical Infrastructure Security Management

  • Author: Bogusław Jagusiak
  • Institution: Military University of Technology (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-1649
  • Author: Waldemar Kaczmarek
  • Institution: Military University of Technology (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-8857
  • Year of publication: 2024
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 221-242
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202424
  • PDF: ppsy/53-2/ppsy2024213.pdf

Based on the assessment of contemporary reality, it can be said that one of the most critical functions of a modern state is to provide its citizens with an acceptable level of security – that is to say, to create optimal conditions for protection against hypothetical and real threats, such as potential natural disasters, consequences of civilizational advancements (accidents or man-made disasters), terrorist attacks, wars, and armed conflicts. It should be emphasized that in modern, democratic societies, the right of people (social groups) to be protected from numerous threats results from the legal, ethical, and moral norms in force, which have been developed in civilizational development and are based on historical experience. The research focused on analyzing normative documents (laws and regulations) and selected scientific and popular science literature dedicated to the functioning of the crisis management system and contemporary management. The synthetic conclusions of this analysis constitute the basis for further in-depth research.

critical infrastructure security security critical infrastructure

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