Volume 48 (2019)

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy20191toc.pdf

Polish Political Science Yearbook, 48(1). Published online: December 31, 2018. The Polish Political Science Yearbook is international peer-reviewed journal indexed in: American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies (ABSEES) Online, BazHum, Central and Eastern European Online Library, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (cejsh.icm.edu.pl), Columbia International Affairs Online, Cosmos Impact Factor, Directory of Open Access Journals, Electronic Journals Library, ERIH Plus, Gale PowerSearch, Google Scholar, HeinOnline, IBR – International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, IBZ – International Bibliography of Periodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, ICI Journals Master List, International Political Science Abstracts, Open Academic Journals Index, POL-Index (Polska Bibliografia Naukowa) and The Lancaster Index.

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Editorial

  • Author: Agnieszka Szpak
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University (Poland)
  • Author: Joanna Modrzyńska
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University (Poland)
  • Author: Robert Gawłowski
  • Institution: WSB Universities (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5-7
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019100.pdf

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A New Method to Calculate Power of International Actors

  • Author: Abdullah Metin Durmuş
  • Institution: Başkent University (Turkey)
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 11-35
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019101
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019101.pdf

This article is based on the idea that it is necessary to develop a quantitative method to calculate power of international actors, which will enable scholars to analyse international conflicts. The Global Potential Power Distribution Chart, which is calculated based on three main characteristics of international actors, namely population, territory and economic power, shows “potential power of states and international organisations”. It may be called “Durmuş Scale of Power (DSoP)”. The chart is a comprehensive indicator with considerable accuracy and 100 % objectivity. In this article, potential powers of international actors have been calculated for years 1987, 2004 and 2015, which gives a clear overview of the potential power distribution (balance of power) of the World regarding states and as well as international organisations. Potential military powers of some states and international organisation in year 2015 have also been calculated. This research proves by means of a contemporary approach applied and a quantitative method developed that, the World is multipolar since 2004, and China is, potentially, the most powerful state of the World since 2015. The method introduced in this article were sufficient enough to explain the effects of the enlargement of NATO and EU, EU after BREXIT, reform of the Security Council of the United Nations and instrumental enough to provide a peaceful understanding for the self-determination issue of Kosova. There are three conclusions to this research: 1) The method “Durmuş Scale of Power” is calculated is reliable because everybody with a scientific calculator or a computer can easily calculate potential power of a state provided that he or she has reliable data for territory, population and GDP. 2) “Global Potential Power Distribution Chart” is a comprehensive Chart which shows “balance of power” at a specific year. It enables us to compare power of states and international organisations in different years. 3) It is convenient to use “Durmuş Scale of Power” while analysing issues of international relations.

Durmuş Scale of Power Conflict Resolution Power Politics United Nations European Union NATO international relations theory

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Is the Modernization Process Becoming a Challenge or a Threat to the Security Policy and the Armed Forces?

  • Author: Jarosław Piątek
  • Institution: University of Szczecin (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 36-48
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019102
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019102.pdf

In spite of defining the role of various measures of security policy implementation the weight of one has been quite unequivocally assessed for the current policy. The main position for contemporary Poland is to be taken by the armed forces.
Under these conditions, the Polish Army has become a basic element of the defense system of Poland not only in terms of image. It is not surprising then that currently the armed forces have received a wide range of tasks regarding security – both internal and external. President Duda and the government of Law and Justice proudly show the 2 percent of GDP spent on defense and an even higher target, at the latest in 2030. However, this does not create a perspective that would allow “hurray” optimism. The key to describing the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland seems to be their ability to respond to the revolution in the field of military and the ability to modernize.
Despite the plans of the Ministry of National Defense and declarations given in media, this process faces a number of difficulties. Not only do we create “abstract” visions of needs for the current policy, but we also offend our partners and those that are still our allies.
The arms policy, so important from the point of view of this “self-sufficiency”, was brought to the accusations of lobbying, corruption, and fraud; not only do we not pay attention to our own needs, but we also create innovative concepts for the current policy that cause us to wander in dilettantism.
It seems that the shape of the implementation of the modernization of the Armed Forces is affected not only by the current policy. To a large extent, the condition of the Polish arms industry is also a decisive factor in the absorption of modernization.

armed forces modernization the Polish Army threats security policy Challenges armed forces

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About Women in Conflicts and Wars: Theories of Violence and Collective Memory

  • Author: Inga B. Kuźma
  • Institution: University of Łódź (Poland)
  • Author: Edyta Pietrzak
  • Institution: Łódź University of Technology (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 49-64
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019103
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019103.pdf

The article deals with the subject of relations between theories of violence and the category of collective memory in relation to women’s war stories. The text introduces the issue of war and conflict, understanding the theory of violence, the category of collective memory and female war narratives, as well as the ways of their political interpretation. The interpretation is crucial because of method used in the research, meaning hermeneutics, but also because of the, presented here, perspective of polyphony.

herstory violence collective memory

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The Issue of Securitization of the Refugee

  • Author: Renata Podgórzańska
  • Institution: University of Szczecin (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 67-89
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019104
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019104.pdf

Analyzing Poland’s current activity regarding the influx of refugees and the formulated attitude towards action in the field of restriction and control of the influx undertaken by European and international institutions, one should notice increasing reluctance to accept immigrants. What is more, there is a growing trend in the public debate in Poland to identify (to correlate) the influx of refugees with the problem of security. Although Poland is neither located on the main transit routes nor a destination for immigrants (including refugees), there is a process of systematically including this issue in the public discourse and analyzing the consequences of the potential increase in the influx of immigrants in the context of state security. Relationships that arise at the interface between migration and security point to the process of securitization of immigration, which involves integrating migration issues into a catalogue of state security threats and considering them through the lens of possible threats to the receiving societies.

immigration securitization security refugees migration crisis

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Finding Poland’s International Position

  • Author: Aleksander M. Lubojemski
  • Institution: Leiden University (Netherlands)
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 90-102
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019105
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019105.pdf

The changing political system of the XXI century has brought many shifts not only in the global balance of power but also in various regional balances scattered across the globe. The rise of national power in countries beforehand classified as small powers or other equivalents has forced to once again place these states in the newly created balances of power. Amongst these states is Poland, whose national power has grown substantially in the last decade. Hence, it is necessary to analyze how Poland compares to other states in the international system, on a global and regional level, and through this evaluate what Poland’s international position is. The article aims at assessing Polish national power and roles in regional initiatives to examine how Poland is placed in the global and regional balance of power.

economic strength militaristic capabilities regional power middle power national power Eastern Europe Poland

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Information Warfare Between Russia and Ukraine: A Cause of War for the West?

  • Author: Kazimierz Pierzchała
  • Institution: John Paul II Catholic Univeristy in Lublin (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-943X
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 103-111
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019106
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019106.pdf

Experts on information competition between Russia and Western countries are convinced that president Vladimir Putin plans a war against the West as a long-term operation. It is directed on two fronts: internal and the more effective external one. Both can be developed in every country of the World; the opponent may be a compatriot but the ally may be a foreigner. Fortunately, in the West the effectiveness of these operations is lower. Confrontation with the West the Kremlin has many advantages: parental and controlled informational space, technical implements, huge experience based on expert knowledge, likewise a longstanding practice in conducting informational operations. Those actions are strongly concentrated and there are widely used digital platforms and also, they popularise the contents in harmony with Russian Federation politics. Their aim is not only forming internal and external public opinion properly and in line with the Kremlin’s interests, because as the annexation of Crimea has demonstrated that their aim is construction of a new reality of the world. Paradoxically, in the Russian Federation’s policy, media freedom and political pluralism are considered as a weakness of the West. Many communities which have different benefits are sensitive to the Kremlin’ s propaganda.

West Putin Russia information warfare

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The Securitisation of Kurdish Self-Determination as A Challenge for the Sectarian Balance of Power in the Middle East

  • Author: Marek Musioł
  • Institution: University of Wrocław (Poland)
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 115-134
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019107
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019107.pdf

The article addresses current questions concerning the Kurdish situation before and after the invasion and expansion of ISIS. It applied the theory of securitisation to study the tangled circumstances and frameworks of Kurdish claims, underlining their attempts at gaining their much-desired independence. This elaboration enables one to recognise the genesis and the local, regional and global context of international actions vis-à-vis Kurdish interests, and the possible supporters and opponents of the Kurdish project of statehood in the Middle East. It portrays also the current perception of Kurdish efforts to establish their own national and legal subjectivity that must be recognised by the majority of state actors in order to meet the indispensable criteria of international law.
This article is particularly important in the context of recent developments in the Middle East. First of all, it refers to pressures, as well as openly offensive actions targeting the interests and territories controlled by the Kurds in Turkey during the existence of the so-called Islamic State. Secondly, it reflects on actors’ reactions in the international arena, including the countries of the Middle East, towards the independence referendum in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as on direct actions aimed at shaping a new geopolitical order after the fall of ISIS (attack by Iraqi troops in Kirkuk or the Turkish army in Afrin).

securitisation constitutive and declarative international recognition Kurds Middle East independence

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The Convergence of Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in France: Analysis of Systemic Tendencies from the Perspective of Sixty Years of the Fifth Republic

  • Author: Łukasz Jakubiak
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 135-154
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019108
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019108.pdf

The paper deals with specific links between presidential and parliamentary elections in contemporary France. The main goal is to demonstrate that the timing of the two types of political events is a significant factor preserving the configuration of a pro-presidential majority fact as one of the possible variants of French semi-presidentialism. This raises the question of the role of both elections as instruments for controlling the process of setting up a space of political rivalry that could be perceived as optimal from the viewpoint of ruling camps. The author analyses possibilities to provide the convergence of presidential and parliamentary elections under the conditions of a seven-year presidential term as well as after its shortening to five years in 2000. Hence, of particular importance is the impact of some mechanisms used in this field on the institutional logic of the French political system. Specific application of constitutional tools and some normative changes introduced in previous years cause the extent of the aforementioned control to be now much greater than in the first decades of the Fifth Republic. Looking at the convergence of both types of elections from the perspective of the evolution of the existing political system, the author argues that it is legitimate to divide the whole period of the Fifth Republic into three sub-periods: 1. the absence of electoral convergence (1958–1981); 2. partial electoral convergence (1981– –2002); full electoral convergence (since 2002). Due to the acceptance of the pro-presidential paradigm, the latter formula is now definitely preferred and supported by legal regulations, which affects the flexibility of French semi-presidentialism (significantly reduced, but not fully eliminated, probability of cohabitation).

Presidential Elections parliamentary elections electoral calendar France Fifth Republic semi-presidentialism

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Leaders, Managers or Administrators – Mayors in Central and Eastern European Countries

  • Author: Karolina Tybuchowska-Hartlińska
  • Institution: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 155-161
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019109
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019109.pdf

This paper is the first step to fill a gap in the studies on the position of mayors in European local government systems. The first part of the paper will be devoted to critical analysis of theoretical and methodological studies on the position and selection of mayors. The second part will focus on verifying the proposed hypotheses. In the conclusions, an attempt will be made to present a profile of local democracy in CEE countries.

local government CEE Countries Mayors

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A Female Political Scientist

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 165-168
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019110
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019110.pdf

Book review: Agata Włodkowska-Bagan, Małgorzata Winiarczyk-Kossakowska, Kobiety w polskiej politologii. Od diagnozy do współpracy, Warsaw 2018, pp. 64

Jerzy Kuciński, Obywatelska inicjatywa ustawodawcza jako instytucja ustroju Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Studium prawno-politologiczne, Warsaw 2018, pp. 315.

  • Author: Sabina Grabowska
  • Institution: University of Rzeszów
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 169-171
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019111
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019111.pdf

Jerzy Kuciński, Obywatelska inicjatywa ustawodawcza jako instytucja ustroju Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Studium prawno-politologiczne, Warsaw 2018, pp. 315.

IV Winter Methodological School – A Report

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer
  • Institution: Nicolaous Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 175-177
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019112
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019112.pdf

IV Winter Methodological School – A Report

Variety of the Pacific Security

  • Author: Joanna Siekiera
  • Institution: War Studies University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 178-180
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019113
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy2019113.pdf

A report from the 10th National Conference of the Australia, New Zealand and Oceania Research Association Security in the Pacific. Warsaw, (14 December, 2018), The Faculty of Military Studies at the War Studies University and the Australia, New Zealand and Oceania Research Association (ANZORA)

List of Reviewers for 2018

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 181-186
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-1/ppsy20191rw.pdf

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 189-190
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy20192toc.pdf

Polish Political Science Yearbook, 48(2). Published online: June 30, 2018. The Polish Political Science Yearbook is international peer-reviewed journal indexed in: American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies (ABSEES) Online, BazHum, Central and Eastern European Online Library, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (cejsh.icm.edu.pl), Columbia International Affairs Online, Cosmos Impact Factor, Directory of Open Access Journals, Electronic Journals Library, ERIH Plus, Gale PowerSearch, Google Scholar, HeinOnline, IBR – International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, IBZ – International Bibliography of Periodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, ICI Journals Master List, International Political Science Abstracts, Open Academic Journals Index, POL-Index (Polska Bibliografia Naukowa) and The Lancaster Index.

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The Citizenship Policies of the Baltic States within the EU Framework on Minority Rights

  • Author: Cristina Carpinelli
  • Institution: Committee Scientific Member of International Problems Study Centre
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 193-221
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019201
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019201.pdf

The ethnic landscape in the Baltic States is dominated by one large ethnic minority: Russians. Lithuania is an exception as here the first biggest ethnic minority are Poles, followed by Russians. The Baltic States have also significant Slavic minorities, such as Belarusians and Ukrainians. There are many barriers for people from different ethnic groups to overcome because the Baltic societies are segregated according to ethnicity across a number of dimensions: language, work and geography. During the Soviet period there were separate language schools, a system that reinforced ethnic separation. Labor market was also split along ethnic lines and a large proportion of ethnic minorities lived spatially segregated from the majority group and was concentrated mostly in urban centers. The impact of communist heritage and the construction of the post-communist state order had a negative impact on the integration process of the Russian minorities in those countries. The ethnic Russians had been heavily marginalized as many of them had no citizenship at all. As a result, they had limited access to labor-market and less social protection. However, the accession of the Baltic States to the European Union (EU) has succeeded in significantly changing policies with respect for and protection of minorities in the three Baltic countries. In the last years the ethnic Russians have in fact been partially accommodated through the consistency of the citizenship laws with the European Union norms, which precisely require the protection of minorities and respect for them. The aim of the study described herein is to investigate the historic roots of ethnic segregation between the native Baltic population and the Russian minority and show how the entry of the Baltic States into the EU has facilitated the process of promoting minority rights, especially from the perspective of granting citizenship right to Russian (and Polish) ethnic persons living in those countries.

citizenship law generation minority rights ethnic minorities Baltic States integration

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New Forms of Public Administration Activity in Poland after 1989 as an Attempt of Realization Current Social Demands

  • Author: Paulina Bieś-Srokosz
  • Institution: Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 222-231
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019202
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019202.pdf

The deep changes in Polish legal system and economy that took place after 1989 contributed to the emergence of new challenges for public administration. The legislator, in order to satisfy growing numbers of social demands, appointed new tasks and created a new legal form of action for public administration entities. However, not every of the new forms were fitted to classically understood administrative law. Part of this new forms at the same time combines some features characteristic for administrative law as well as typical for civil law, which gives them untypical (hybrid) character. As an example, there can be mentioned: civil law contracts with so called “overlays” (obligatory additional conditions) imposed by certain legal acts as well as administrative settlements and administrative contracts. The aim of this article is to analyze those hybrid forms of action of public administration entities in terms of implementation the objectives of regulation set by the legislator.

hybrid forms public tasks social demands new forms of public administration activity

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The Self-government Constitutes an Essential Element of the Civil Security in Polish Political Thought after 1989

  • Author: Grzegorz Radomski
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 232-241
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019203
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019203.pdf

The article analyses the Polish political thought after 1989 concerning the local self-government. Attention was drawn to various currents of the Polish political thought, such as liberalism, conservatism, the teaching of the Church, social democracy or nationalism. Particular attention was paid to the role of the self-government in building civil society and to the forms of citizen participation. According to the main hypothesis, the activity of the local self-government is generally accepted. The self-government is an important element of political projects and is considered an important element of civil security and plays an important role in building the civil society. The thought of Charles Taylor “the atrophy of the self-government constitutes a danger for the stability of the liberal society and in the consequence for the freedom protected by it” suited undoubtedly the liberals and the representatives of other political trends

civil security self-government participation political thought civil society

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Subverting the Idea(l) of Equal Opportunity in Global Trade: The Paradoxes of Differentiation for Peripheral States

  • Author: Antonio Salvador M. Alcazar III
  • Institution: Central European University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 245-266
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019204
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019204.pdf

The existing multilateral trade regime is often beleaguered for unfairly privileging its Western guarantors. Since not all countries command the same opportunity sets to compete in global markets, world trade rules sanction über-rich markets to extend autonomous trade concessions to capital-poor countries without demanding any reciprocal treatment. Given the entanglements of trade in the thorny issues of international development and distributive justice, this paper joins a crowded trade as/and fairness debate by judging how the present global economic order (dis)favors developing and least developed countries on the basis of equal opportunity. In a Roemerian-Rawlsian reading of economic fairness, I start by elevating the demands of diffuse reciprocity over the misguided minimalism of mutual reciprocity in a twin attempt to morally defend asymmetric exchanges between asymmetric trading partners and to redress background inequalities in access to the merits of commerce. While the notion and praxis of altruism in international trade generally allude to northern democracies in modern political thought, this article also unmasks parallel models of special and differential treatment projects lorded over by two seemingly unusual suspects: the Eurasian Economic Union and the People’s Republic of China. In juxtaposing weak and strong conceptions of equal opportunity vis-à-vis leading compensatory measures presently open to needy nations, I articulate how the strong standard of equal opportunity is partially cantilevered by existing level-playing-field structures and yet brutally bulldozed at once by the politics of donor discretion. Finally, although a diluted form of diffuse reciprocity grows more fashionable among affluent and emerging economies, unlocking the strong standard of equal opportunity still insists on a solidaristic system of preferences to diffuse both opportunities and obligations arising from a less tilted trading order as widely and deeply as possible.

least developed countries nonreciprocal trade preferences diffuse reciprocity just trade equal opportunity developing countries

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Hybrid Warfare and Deniability as Understood by the Military

  • Author: Håkan Gunneriusson
  • Institution: Swedish Defense University & Mid Sweden University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 267-288
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019205
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019205.pdf

Russia and China are terraforming the maritime environment as part of their warfare. In both cases the actions are illegal and the performance is offensive to its actual nature. In the case of China, the practice is construction of artificial islands in the South Chinese Sea and in the case of Russia it is about the infamous bridge built over the Kerch strait, Ukraine. Neither Russia nor China expects an armed conflict with the West in the near future. That is a reasonable assumption, which is weaponized at the political-strategically level. The attack of this weaponized situation is that the trust in the West. Primarily the EU (European Union) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), is eroded for every day which these countries challenges the international system which the western democracies say that they present and defend. China and Russia offer their authoritarian systems as a replacement and there are a lot of pseudo-democratic or even out-right authoritarian regimes on the sideline watching this challenge unfold. The article highlights the difference for the NATO-countries in logic of practice when it comes to the political social field on one hand and the military political field on the other hand. The article uses material from a previously unpublished survey made on NATO-officers then attending courses at NATO Defense College (NDC).

NATO Defense College PMSC South Chinese Sea ASEAN national security policies reflexive control state vulnerabilities exploitation of cultural asymmetries NATO policy and doctrines hybrid warfare China

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Hidden Memory and Memorials The Monument in Memory of the Korean Victims of the Atomic Bomb and the Remembrance of Korean Victims

  • Author: Olga Barbasiewicz
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University in Kraków
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 289-303
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019206
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019206.pdf

During World War II, Americans dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Due to this atrocity, around 140,000 human beings lost their lives. Almost 20% of them were Koreans. It resulted in the sudden capitulation of Japan and caused the so called higaisha ishiki (awareness of being a victim) among Japanese society. Unfortunately, the question of Korean atomic blast victims has been forgotten and the Monument raised in Memory of the Korean Victims of the Atomic Bomb was placed in the peripheries of the Park. The aim of this paper is to analyze Hiroshima Memorial Park monuments, as locations that serve as political tools, with special emphasis on the issue of the Monument in Memory of Korean Victims of the A-bomb, which characterizes Japanese politics of remembrance towards Korea.

Korean victims Hiroshima memorials monuments remembrance memory

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A Few Problems with Mouffe’s Agonistic Political Theory

  • Author: Monika Mazur-Bubak
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 307-318
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019207
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019207.pdf

The main goal of examining a single philosophical theory, connected with social and political disciplines, is not just to identify its incoherence or to restate the theory in a more elegant way. More important in that kind of investigation is to show its possible impact on people’s lives and the functioning of communities. Thus, it seems more reasonable to conduct a critical analysis of the possible consequences for a real society than to undertake a simple study of the argument’s logical consistency. The main aim of this paper is to introduce doubts about the thesis of Chantal Mouffe presented by her in Agonistics. Thinking the World Politically and Passion and Politics. Main hypothesis is that thinking about the “political” and “politics” with reference to enmity as well as claiming that the source of every political and social activity is antagonism, can provoke an attitude that social and political scenes are battlefields rather than an agora or the space of human interactions. First of all, the author provides the critical analysis and reconstruction of the most important claims connected with the “political”, which can have strong negative effects-i.e. brutalization and creating a negative basis for social relation. Then presents a few possible sources of thinking of “political” as a “competition” or rather “enmity”. The last part it is the critic of what Mouffe claims about reason why people get involve into politics, based on the psychological experiments and in result of this the author shows the importance of validity the high standards in politics, diplomacy and relation on the social level.

nature of politics liberal-democracy Mouffe antagonism Agonism aggression Freud

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Behavioral Insights as a New Generation of Public Service Delivery

  • Author: Robert Gawłowski
  • Institution: WSB University in Toruń
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 319-329
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019208
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019208.pdf

For many years behavioral insights has been on the top of political agenda. The aim of this article it to examine how the most innovative countries use this public management tool into public administration realm. In pursuit of this, behavioral insights units have been research in six countries. In conclusion author figure out that there is still a huge room for development and looking a new strategy to implement nudging in a larger scale.

innovation in public administration nudge behavioral insights public service delivery

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A Vision of the State’s Political System in the Political Thought of the National Party between 1928 and 1939

  • Author: Aneta Dawidowicz
  • Institution: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 330-344
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019209
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019209.pdf

Views of the National Party (1928-1939) merit special attention, given both the Party’s prominent role in the political life of interwar Poland and the interesting combination of various elements derived from diverse ideological trends within the Party’s programme. The ideological legacy of the National Party reflected, to a large extent, the key constituents of the National Democracy’s political thought, such as nationalism, representation of all social classes, national integrity and the concept of the nation-state. The National Party underwent major evolution and was subject to internal divisions which makes the image of its political thought much more complex. Based on an analysis of the National Party’s political thought, several conclusions can be formulated. The National Party developed its own views regarding political systems. These were, to a large extent, determined by their own system of values based on the national idea. The National Party’s political system projections were mainly inspired by (1) the successes of the “new type” states; (2) pressure from totalitarian systems; and (3) the influence of the economic and spiritual crisis. The National Party leaders wanted to make the political system more efficient. Nonetheless, views in favor of directly imitating any foreign political systems could hardly be found in the Party’s political thought. The National Party’s ideologists and journalists invariably stated that there was no pre-defined political system, but its form had to be adjusted to the specificity and unique character of a given national body. Although inspiration was drawn from external political systems, the Party’s political thought did not lose its independence.

National Party nationalism political thought political system

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Alternative diplomacy and the political role of clerical elites: The Roman Catholic Church as an ideological counterforce in interwar Banat

  • Author: Mihai A. Panu
  • Institution: West University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 347-358
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019210
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019210.pdf

In interwar Romania, non-political institutions played a decisive role in the process of containing the expansion of totalitarian ideologies. The two major colliding ideological forces, National Socialism and Communism, rapidly reshaped the European sociopolitical profile after World War I and caused an unprecedented long-term deterioration of various intergovernmental relations. The Banat region was systematically exposed to external ideological factors due to the fact that its heterogeneous ethno-cultural profile allowed a rapid proliferation of political ideas and programs.

Augustin Pacha Banat NS-ideology diplomacy propaganda catholic church

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Activities of the Catholic Church in Poland Against Pedophilia in 2018

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 359-371
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019211
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019211.pdf

The aim of the article is to determine the type of activities undertaken by the Catholic Church towards clergymen committing sexual offenses, and more specifically: pedophilia. The research problem is a question: what actions does the Catholic Church take against pedophilia? In order to realize a research project, it was first determined how the offense is defined in the doctrine of church criminal law. Then, there was made an analysis of the activities undertaken by the hierarchs of the Catholic Church. On its basis, a typology of the forms of the Church’s influence at various levels was reconstructed in the field of both preventive and sanctioning actions against the clergy. In the article there was adopted a time restriction covering only 2018. It can be described as a breakthrough, first of all due to the verdict that was made in Poznań (MS, 2018), the accusations that appeared at the end of the year against the deceased chaplain of Solidarity, Fr. Henryk Jankowski and initiatives taken by both citizens and politicians, such as the first anti-clerical happening of Baby Shoes Remember in Poland or the creation of a pedophile map. In the cinemas, a movie entitled “Kler” showed up. It moved the topic of pedophilia in the Church. Results: the Catholic Church in Poland, apart from symbolic activities, i.e. oral and written declarations, assurances, and prayers, undertakes also substantial actions, such as personal changes, cooperation with the state or the meetings of hierarchs centered around pedophilia.

types of activities against pedophilia sexual offenses The Catholic Church pedophilia

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Media Image of Parliamentary Elections in Poland in 2015

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 377-379
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019213
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019213.pdf

REFERENCES:

  • Łódzki, B. (2010). Ustanawianie agendy mediów podczas kampanii wyborczych w 2005 roku. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
  • Nowak, E. (2014). Ustanawianie agendy politycznej przez media. Efekt newsa w Polsce. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.
  • Peszyński, W. (2016). Prezydencjalizacja zachowań wyborczych w elekcji parlamentarnej w 2015 roku. Political Preferences, No. 12, pp. 37–55.

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 387-388
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy20193toc.pdf

Polish Political Science Yearbook, 48(3). Published online: September 30, 2019. The Polish Political Science Yearbook is international peer-reviewed journal indexed in: American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies (ABSEES) Online, BazHum, Central and Eastern European Online Library, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (cejsh.icm.edu.pl), Columbia International Affairs Online, Cosmos Impact Factor, Directory of Open Access Journals, Electronic Journals Library, ERIH Plus, Gale PowerSearch, Google Scholar, HeinOnline, IBR – International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, IBZ – International Bibliography of Periodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, ICI Journals Master List, International Political Science Abstracts, Open Academic Journals Index, POL-Index (Polska Bibliografia Naukowa) and The Lancaster Index.

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Demographic Factors Affecting the Level of Financial Literacy in Rural Areas: The Case of Vietnam

  • Author: Phung Thanh Quang
  • Institution: National Economics University
  • Author: Khuc The Anh
  • Institution: National Economics University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 391-406
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019301
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019301.pdf

This article measures the level of financial literacy in the rural areas of Vietnam. The financial literacy is usually concerned by financial institutions and government organizations. This is considered to be an indicator that contributes to the assessment of the quality and potential growth of the financial system. In the article the determinants of financial literacy in Vietnam are identified. In result the authors propose a designed financial literacy enhancement programme for implementation.

Vietnam financial literacy demography rural areas

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Power Analysis and Geopolitical Codes of South China Sea States in the Context of Contemporary Geopolitics

  • Author: Marek Musioł
  • Institution: University of Wrocław
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 407-430
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019302
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019302.pdf

The analysis in this article provides an overview of the research on the current relations among countries of the South China Sea basin. For this purpose, I have decided to apply the geopolitical research workshop, focusing on its contemporary approach. On the one hand, this work uses the available indicators and index to gauge the level of development, economic and demographic potential, and military expenditure of these states. On the other hand, an effort was made to analyze and measure power, taking into account the changing geopolitical status of countries in this sub-region.
Contemporary geopolitics in this context allows to verify the scale of the impact on permanent environmental and geographic factors (e.g. publicized investments carried out by the People’s Republic of China in Mischief Reef, Fiery Cross, Subi Reef and Woody Island) and the elaboration of proposals going beyond the classical, geopolitical framework (morphological, political and military factors). Therefore, this article also includes the use of geopolitical codes to assess the current strategies of these countries and to describe potential scenarios of actors’ behaviour in the sub-region.

power measurement geopolitical codes critical and contemporary geopolitics South China Sea power

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The Image of the North Korean in Contemporary South Korean Cinema

  • Author: Roman Husarski
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 431-446
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019303
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019303.pdf

Confidential Assignment (Kongjo, Kim Sung-hoon), released on January 18, 2017 between DPRK nuclear tests, tells a story of two special agents. One is from North Korea and the other one from South Korea, and they unite to fight against a common enemy. Extraordinarily, the North Korean agent is portrayed as more formidable than his South Korean counterpart who is unable to match him in every field. Also, the North Korean agent is portrayed by a Korean super star, Hyun-Bin. In this paper, I analyze two other similarly themed movies: The Net (Kŭmul, Kim Ki-Duk) and Steel Rain (Kangch’ŏlbi, Yang Wooseok). All of them were released recently and were huge commercial successes in South Korea. The aim of the following paper is to show and analyze the evolution of the image of North Korean characters in South Korean cinema. During the analysis, the question of how the change from villain to super hero was possible is answered. The way in which the movies talk about inter-Korean relations and how they portray both countries is particularly important to understand the current political sentiments in the Peninsula and how it can affect the Moon Jae-in presidency.

South Korean cinema hero and villain cinema and politics ideology propaganda political myth

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Cooperation between European Cities and Amazonian Indigenous Peoples in the Fight Against Climate Change

  • Author: Agnieszka Szpak
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 449-463
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019304
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019304.pdf

This paper concentrates on a particular example of cooperation between European cities and indigenous peoples of the Amazon river basin, namely that of Climate Alliance. The New Urban Agenda adopted at the UN Habitat III conference in October 2016 emphasizes that cities and other human settlements should meet the challenges and take advantage of the opportunities for current and future sustainable and economic inclusive development. Cities should also take measures to address climate change and protect and manage their ecosystems, water resources, the environment and biodiversity. Indigenous peoples, just like cities play a crucial role in the fight against climate change. 80 % of the territories with high biodiversity level are indigenous lands. Their indigenous ecological knowledge may serve as a valuable tool in initiatives aimed at fighting climate change. The aim of the paper is to show whether there are any benefits of such cooperation and what is its significance in the fight against climate change. The main research question is: what are the forms of cooperation between European cities and Amazonian indigenous peoples in the framework of Climate Alliance? In which way can European cities support indigenous peoples in their fight for their rights and consequently for the nature’s preservation? The hypothesis is that European cities may learn from indigenous peoples of the Amazon how to combat climate change.

Climate Alliance cities indigenous peoples climate change

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The Role of the Ethical Underpinnings of International Humanitarian Law in the Age of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems

  • Author: Kaja Kowalczewska
  • Institution: Pedagogical University of Krakow
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 464-475
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019305
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019305.pdf

This paper presents selected conclusions related to the theoretical underpinnings of international humanitarian law, with special focus on the understanding of considerations of humanity and the dictates of public conscience (the Martens clause) and their impact on the regulation of lethal autonomous weapons systems. Despite the fact that different positions can be found in the doctrine, it is argued herein that the general principles of international humanitarian law are not sufficient to properly regulate the disruptive military technologies (new means and methods of warfare) and a new international norm is needed. Consequently, the paper agglomerates extra-legal and cross-cutting arguments stemming from other normative regimes that point to prioritization of the value of human life and the role and quality of the human factor in decision-making procedures relating to the health and life of victims of modern armed conflicts, which should be incorporated in it.

armed conflict artificial intelligence humanity Martens clause autonomous weapons

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The International Monetary Fund’s Role in Overcoming Economic Crisis in PIIGS

  • Author: Kinga Jasiak
  • Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 476-486
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019306
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019306.pdf

The financial crisis started in 2008 and touched the whole world but some countries experienced its consequences more than others. The European Union and in particular eurozone, slid into a stage of economic recession. Five of 28 EU countries faced the edge of financial fall, named PIIGS-Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain. Multidimensionality of the global crisis have caused that international economic organizations faced a great challenge, For them it was a test of efficiency and effectiveness. The leading role in this period belonged to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which is standing on the guard of the whole international currency system. The aim of the article is to draw and analyze the most important IMF activities towards PIIGS, especially what instruments were proposed as a help and what changes had to be made by receiving states in order to receive the financial support. The ten-year perspective taken in the article allows for the more comprehensive assessment of the issue.

European Union PIIGS IMF economic crisis

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Poland’s Energy Security Strategy

  • Author: Zuzanna Samson
  • Institution: Leiden University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 489-499
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019307
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019307.pdf

Poland, as one of the European countries experiencing the most significant economic growth in recent years, permanently relies on coal power. There are plenty of reasons behind this condition, however, wanting to become one of the European leaders Poland ought to diversify its energy sources and lower the share of those harmful to the natural environment. Some changes have already been implemented, nevertheless the Polish government is mostly reluctant to diminish the role of coal mines. Moreover, the current actions taken to diversify sources of natural gas imports are dependent on Polish foreign policy and international alliances. The author analyzes changes in the Polish energy security strategy in recent years and compares them with provisions established during COP24. The article analyzes the Polish energy market with the share of individual sources and examines the possibility to increase the share of those alternative to coal in the near future.

renewable energy sources LNG natural gas COP24 coal national energy security Poland

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Turkey’s View of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Visit to Poland in 2017. Prospects and Conclusions

  • Author: Joanna Marszałek-Kawa
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Author: Ahmet Burak
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 500-513
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019308
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019308.pdf

On October 17, 2017, President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan paid an official visit to Warsaw upon the invitation of the President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda. The main subject of the talks was political, economic and cultural cooperation. Issues of security were also addressed. President Erdoğan had last visited Warsaw during the NATO summit on July 8–9, 2016. During the meeting in October, the two presidents signed five bilateral agreements. This paper provides an analysis of the effects of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit and prospects regarding the development of friendly relations between Poland and Turkey from Ankara’s perspective. In the paper we applied the test analysis method, the historical method and the institutional and legal one. We pose a thesis that the aim of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s visit was to identify mutual relations in the economic, political and cultural dimension. According to the Turkish government, these relations are beneficial for both sides. What should be particularly important for Poland is the prospect of opening new cooperation opportunities in the economic sphere. Turkey, in turn, apart from defining the broad framework of business cooperation, is undoubtedly determined to find a partner which could be its ally in the European Union.

Republic of Poland Republic of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Andrzej Duda economic relations visit

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The Rule of Law in Poland

  • Author: Kamila Sara Kowalska
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 517-520
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019309
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019309.pdf

Book review: Łukasz Bojarski, Krzysztof Grajewski, Jan Kremer, Gabriela Ott, Waldemar Żurek, Konstytucja. Praworządność. Władza sądownicza. Aktualne problemy trzeciej władzy w Polsce, Warsaw 2019, pp. 616.

Language of Contemporary Polish Politics

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 521-523
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019310
  • PDF: ppsy/48-3/ppsy2019310.pdf

Book Review: Wojciech Krzysztof Szalkiewicz, Marek Sokołowski, Logos, Ethos, Pathos III i IV RP. Dyskurs komunikacyjny polityki, Adam Marszałek Publishing House, Toruń 2019, pp. 369.

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Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 527-528
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy20194toc.pdf

Publikacja “Polish Political Science Yearbook” w języku angielskim, udostępnienie wersji cyfrowej w wolnym dostępie i zabezpieczenie oryginalności publikacji zgodne ze standardem COPE – zadania finansowane w ramach uowy 852/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

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Local Self-Government as a Problem of Political Theory

  • Author: Łukasz Święcicki
  • Institution: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-2825
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 531-542
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019401
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019401.pdf

The article aims at restoring local self-government as a research problem of political theory. In contemporary political science literature, local self-government is not treated as one of its normal, standard research problems. The main obstacle of its ambiguous position within political theory is, as I argue, the forced and imposed apolitical character of local self-government considered as a part of public administration. Despite some degree of organizational, especially institutional and legal, self-determination, the local self-government is not a political, i.e. sovereign entity. However, its non-sovereign status, which is legally established, does not exclude the existence of political potency in it.

Charles Taylor Carl Schmitt legitimacy sovereignty local government political theory

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The State and Local Self-Government. Territorial Organization of the State

  • Author: Radosław Kamiński
  • Institution: Instytut Nauk Społeczno-Humanistycznych
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 543-558
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019402
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019402.pdf

Local self-government constitutes a part of executive power in the state, with the state’s law underlying its functioning. Local government remains under the state’s supervision, representing a form of the political system within the decentralized public administration. 2018 marks 20 years of the functioning of local self-government based on a three-tier structure. The aim of the paper is an attempt at finding the answer to the question whether or not the organizational solutions adopted by the legislator and established in practice need to undergo reforms and if so, to what extent? The question thus formulated relates directly to the argument that the organization of local government system is not sound while the criteria assumed in the territorial breakdown of the local government organization do not correspond to the conditions in which those units operate, and therefore what appears necessary is for the system to be reorganized and the number of units at individual tiers to be reduced. The paper presents selected problems of the local administration in the context of a systemic organization and suggest possible (or necessary) changes which, in the author’s view, should become a subject of discussion (and in practice are such) between local selfgovernment and government administration.

administrative reform territorial break down decentralization public administration

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Local Self-Governments as New Actors in the International Stage. The Scope of the Issue

  • Author: Stanisław Faliński
  • Institution: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 559-569
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019403
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019403.pdf

The aim of the article is to present, in a short and a synthetic form, self-governments as new actors on the international arena. Discussed are the genesis and the development of this new international activities being undertaken by local residential areas such as the “twinning movement” and the programme for establishing “sister cities”. Briefly described are the key international organizations focused on the local self-governance. Discussed is also, in a relative detail, is the cooperation of the Polish self-governance entities with local self-governance partners within the international sphere. The author concludes by attempting to define the scope and importance of the international cooperation of local self-governance entities in general and its impact on the individual participating partners.

international cooperation international stage local self-governance

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Social Policy within the Framework of Public Self-Governance - Selected Topics

  • Author: Katarzyna Wojewoda-Buraczyńska
  • Institution: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 572-582
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019404
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019404.pdf

The article herein discusses selected issues of the effectiveness of public governance model at the Province level of self-governance in regard to providing support services to persons with disabilities. Described herein are tasks for carrying out the policy of social inclusion of persons with disabilities that are the responsibility of the Province self-governance. Also described is the method for carrying out the said tasks and the most frequently used model of public governance. Discussed also are the critical challenges and flaws of the said model of public governance. Presented also are some suggestions for changes in regard to the discussed areas. The aim of the article is to analyze province social policy toward people with disabilities. The article also attempts to evaluate the methods used to implement it. The article is based on the analysis of legal acts regarding the social inclusion policy of persons with disabilities at the level of the province, with particular emphasis on the content of province programs on equal opportunities for people with disabilities and counteracting social exclusion and assistance in the implementation of tasks for the employment of disabled people. When writing an article, the dogmatic method was used in the analytical approach. The article proposes a thesis that the collaborative governance model used to implement the social inclusion policy of disabled people at the province level does not ensure sufficient control over the efficiency of using public funds, and thus does not guarantee the effective implementation of public tasks by non-public entities.

social inclusion province local development policy province level social policy interactive management persons with disabilities

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Wrocław Civic Budget. Social Innovation Adapted in Polish Local Government

  • Author: Małgorzata Madej
  • Institution: University of Wrocław
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-8614
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 583-601
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019405
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019405.pdf

The paper explores Wrocław Civic Budget in the context of procedures and impact. It reviews various data to present different aspects of this process: number of projects submitted and implemented, citizens’ participation in the selection process, geographical distribution of the implemented projects and their contents, showing the significant fall in the citizens’ interest in the process after two years of its implementation. The paper aims to analyze whether the project in its current form actually succeeds in activating the citizens’ and involving them in the local decision-making on one hand, and changing the city on the other. The effectiveness of participatory budgeting in Wrocław is explored, considering such criteria as reliability, impact, activation and innovativeness. The data reveal both the successes and drawbacks of Wrocław Civic Budget, allowing for presentation of recommendations.

Wrocław local participation participatory budgeting local government

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Third Place is a Charm. Women in the 2010, 2014 and 2018 Regional Assembly Elections in Poland

  • Author: Marzena Cichosz
  • Institution: University of Szczecin
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-742X
  • Author: Łukasz Tomczak
  • Institution: University of Szczecin
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-0364
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 604-615
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019406
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019406.pdf

The analysis of women’s participation in elections has long been an important theme within political studies. Scholars have looked at factors that affect women’s participation in politics in general, as well as their decisions to run in parliamentary or regional elections. In 2011, as the second Central and Eastern Europe country (the first being Slovenia), Poland introduced gender quotas into the proportional electoral system. Researchers looking into the consequences of such systemic solutions in various countries have established that the intended goal of increasing the proportion of women in legislative bodies has not always been achieved. In fact, the outcomes have varied widely. Such discrepancies invite further examination. The presented study focuses on regional assembly elections in Poland between 2010 and 2018. The article elaborates on and complements the results of the authors’ prior work on the 2010 and 2014 elections. The research looks at how effective women were in winning the available mandates, what were their placements and which parties managed to get most women into the assemblies.

gender equality Poland women’s rights regional elections

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Nonpartisan Electoral Committees in Local Government Elections in Poland in 2018

  • Author: Marcin Czyżniewski
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 617-631
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019407
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019407.pdf

The article presents the result of quantitative research on local government elections in Poland carried out on October 21 and November 4, 2018. Its goal is to examine the proportions of lists registered by political parties and nonpartisan electoral committees and the mandates they have obtained. This proportion shows the degree of presence of political parties in local governments of various levels and sizes. The data were selected so that all provinces in Poland were examined (16), a number of districts were randomly selected (in provinces with less than 20 districts, data from half districts were examined, in provinces with over 20 districts, from one third). Within the selected districts, all communes were examined. The quantitative research shows that local governments elected in 2018 are not political only in small and medium-sized communes, in which the councils are made up mostly of councilors who were candidates from nonpartisan committees.

local governments nonpartisan committees local elections Poland

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The Results of 2019 Parliamentary Elections in the Perspective of 2018 Local Government Elections

  • Author: Szymon Gajewski
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 632-641
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019408
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019408.pdf

The analysis of the results of the elections to regional parliaments of 2018 allows to take a closer look at the current political preferences of the electorate one year before the parliamentary elections. The distribution of support for political parties in individual provinces shows that Law and Justice (PiS) enjoys constant, high and stable support, which will most likely allow this party to extend mandate to rule the country for the next 4 years. The largest opposition party, the Civic Platform (PO), sees the chances of victory in uniting further opposition groups around itself. The common start with Nowoczesna under the name of the Citizens’ Coalition (KO) did not meet the expectations. However, the distribution of support in the local government elections showed that the actions consolidating the opposition are currently the only chance to fight a leveled electoral fight with Law and Justice (PiS).

2019 parliamentary elections 2018 local government elections Citizens’ Coalition Law and Justice Civic Platform

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Participatory Budgeting in Poland AD 2019: Expectations, Changes and Reality

  • Author: Krzysztof Makowski
  • Institution: WSB University in Toruń
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 642-652
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019409
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019409.pdf

Discussion whether to formalize participatory budgeting or not has been solved. Again, this time it has happened without scholars’ engagement. Given this situation, can we say that whoever is satisfied? The amendment of the act that introduced legal form of participatory budgeting as a new tool of public consultation does not meet anyone expectations. The reason to think so is that there is no new and compulsory form of public engagement in financial decisions. Moreover, organizational framework and the huge variety of using participatory budgeting have been turned to uniform pattern. Equally, it is hard to agree that implemented solutions, previously though as a way to increase citizens’ involvement in functioning and scrutiny part of public bodies, have been met.

financial decisions citizens self-government participatory budgeting

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The “Golden Rule” as a New Financial Management Tool for Local Governments

  • Author: Katarzyna Błażuk
  • Institution: Polish Academy of Science
  • Author: Przemysław Czernicki
  • Institution: University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 653-662
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019410
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019410.pdf

The implementation of the so-called “golden rule” regarding the fiscal management of the sub-sector of the local-self-government (LSG) constituted a reaction to the growth of the debt within the sector of public finances and an attempt to curb the LSG deficit. In this manner the Legislator wanted to balance the budget regarding operating revenues and the operating expenditures and to allow for the use of public loans, thus permitting the generation of the debt only in regard to capital expenditures. The authors of the article evaluate the validity of introducing the new regulations, subjecting the “golden rule” to a positive critique and forming requirements for changes and improvements based on solutions to this problem utilized in other countries. An empiric data is presented that shows the consequences of overloading the LSG with the effects of the growing level of public debt in a situation when the responsibility for the majority of the debt (more than 90%) rests with the public governance at the government level. The authors also put forth the thesis that the implementation of the more restrictive rules on the central level is also necessary to optimize the entire system of public finances.

golden rule deficit local government units fiscal rule limiting debt

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Committing a Crime as a Reason to Limit the Ability to Perform Functions in Local Government Administration

  • Author: Janusz Bojarski
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
  • Author: Natalia Daśko
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 663-674
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019411
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy2019411.pdf

2018 local self-government elections in Poland were special ones. Brought to light mismatching of provisions of the Electoral Code and Act on Local Self-Government Employees and attempt to use it to obtain an advantage in fight for political power caused political emotions and legal controversies. The aim of this article is presents limits imposed by criminal law on right to be elected in this type of elections and more general, role of criminal law as a tool in politics. The article presents a problem of conflict of legal regulations regarding the right to be elected and perform a public function in a local self-government unit as a problem of conflict between will of voters and attitude of politicians to creation of law and aim they try to obtain.

legal policy criminal law electoral law elections

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List of Reviewers 2019

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 675-675
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-4/ppsy20194rw.pdf

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