Issue 2

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 189-190
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy20192toc.pdf

Polish Political Science Yearbook, 48(2). Published online: June 30, 2018. The Polish Political Science Yearbook is international peer-reviewed journal indexed in: American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies (ABSEES) Online, BazHum, Central and Eastern European Online Library, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (cejsh.icm.edu.pl), Columbia International Affairs Online, Cosmos Impact Factor, Directory of Open Access Journals, Electronic Journals Library, ERIH Plus, Gale PowerSearch, Google Scholar, HeinOnline, IBR – International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, IBZ – International Bibliography of Periodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, ICI Journals Master List, International Political Science Abstracts, Open Academic Journals Index, POL-Index (Polska Bibliografia Naukowa) and The Lancaster Index.

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The Citizenship Policies of the Baltic States within the EU Framework on Minority Rights

  • Author: Cristina Carpinelli
  • Institution: Committee Scientific Member of International Problems Study Centre
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 193-221
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019201
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019201.pdf

The ethnic landscape in the Baltic States is dominated by one large ethnic minority: Russians. Lithuania is an exception as here the first biggest ethnic minority are Poles, followed by Russians. The Baltic States have also significant Slavic minorities, such as Belarusians and Ukrainians. There are many barriers for people from different ethnic groups to overcome because the Baltic societies are segregated according to ethnicity across a number of dimensions: language, work and geography. During the Soviet period there were separate language schools, a system that reinforced ethnic separation. Labor market was also split along ethnic lines and a large proportion of ethnic minorities lived spatially segregated from the majority group and was concentrated mostly in urban centers. The impact of communist heritage and the construction of the post-communist state order had a negative impact on the integration process of the Russian minorities in those countries. The ethnic Russians had been heavily marginalized as many of them had no citizenship at all. As a result, they had limited access to labor-market and less social protection. However, the accession of the Baltic States to the European Union (EU) has succeeded in significantly changing policies with respect for and protection of minorities in the three Baltic countries. In the last years the ethnic Russians have in fact been partially accommodated through the consistency of the citizenship laws with the European Union norms, which precisely require the protection of minorities and respect for them. The aim of the study described herein is to investigate the historic roots of ethnic segregation between the native Baltic population and the Russian minority and show how the entry of the Baltic States into the EU has facilitated the process of promoting minority rights, especially from the perspective of granting citizenship right to Russian (and Polish) ethnic persons living in those countries.

citizenship law generation minority rights ethnic minorities Baltic States integration

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New Forms of Public Administration Activity in Poland after 1989 as an Attempt of Realization Current Social Demands

  • Author: Paulina Bieś-Srokosz
  • Institution: Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 222-231
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019202
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019202.pdf

The deep changes in Polish legal system and economy that took place after 1989 contributed to the emergence of new challenges for public administration. The legislator, in order to satisfy growing numbers of social demands, appointed new tasks and created a new legal form of action for public administration entities. However, not every of the new forms were fitted to classically understood administrative law. Part of this new forms at the same time combines some features characteristic for administrative law as well as typical for civil law, which gives them untypical (hybrid) character. As an example, there can be mentioned: civil law contracts with so called “overlays” (obligatory additional conditions) imposed by certain legal acts as well as administrative settlements and administrative contracts. The aim of this article is to analyze those hybrid forms of action of public administration entities in terms of implementation the objectives of regulation set by the legislator.

hybrid forms public tasks social demands new forms of public administration activity

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The Self-government Constitutes an Essential Element of the Civil Security in Polish Political Thought after 1989

  • Author: Grzegorz Radomski
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 232-241
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019203
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019203.pdf

The article analyses the Polish political thought after 1989 concerning the local self-government. Attention was drawn to various currents of the Polish political thought, such as liberalism, conservatism, the teaching of the Church, social democracy or nationalism. Particular attention was paid to the role of the self-government in building civil society and to the forms of citizen participation. According to the main hypothesis, the activity of the local self-government is generally accepted. The self-government is an important element of political projects and is considered an important element of civil security and plays an important role in building the civil society. The thought of Charles Taylor “the atrophy of the self-government constitutes a danger for the stability of the liberal society and in the consequence for the freedom protected by it” suited undoubtedly the liberals and the representatives of other political trends

civil security self-government participation political thought civil society

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Subverting the Idea(l) of Equal Opportunity in Global Trade: The Paradoxes of Differentiation for Peripheral States

  • Author: Antonio Salvador M. Alcazar III
  • Institution: Central European University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 245-266
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019204
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019204.pdf

The existing multilateral trade regime is often beleaguered for unfairly privileging its Western guarantors. Since not all countries command the same opportunity sets to compete in global markets, world trade rules sanction über-rich markets to extend autonomous trade concessions to capital-poor countries without demanding any reciprocal treatment. Given the entanglements of trade in the thorny issues of international development and distributive justice, this paper joins a crowded trade as/and fairness debate by judging how the present global economic order (dis)favors developing and least developed countries on the basis of equal opportunity. In a Roemerian-Rawlsian reading of economic fairness, I start by elevating the demands of diffuse reciprocity over the misguided minimalism of mutual reciprocity in a twin attempt to morally defend asymmetric exchanges between asymmetric trading partners and to redress background inequalities in access to the merits of commerce. While the notion and praxis of altruism in international trade generally allude to northern democracies in modern political thought, this article also unmasks parallel models of special and differential treatment projects lorded over by two seemingly unusual suspects: the Eurasian Economic Union and the People’s Republic of China. In juxtaposing weak and strong conceptions of equal opportunity vis-à-vis leading compensatory measures presently open to needy nations, I articulate how the strong standard of equal opportunity is partially cantilevered by existing level-playing-field structures and yet brutally bulldozed at once by the politics of donor discretion. Finally, although a diluted form of diffuse reciprocity grows more fashionable among affluent and emerging economies, unlocking the strong standard of equal opportunity still insists on a solidaristic system of preferences to diffuse both opportunities and obligations arising from a less tilted trading order as widely and deeply as possible.

least developed countries nonreciprocal trade preferences diffuse reciprocity just trade equal opportunity developing countries

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Hybrid Warfare and Deniability as Understood by the Military

  • Author: Håkan Gunneriusson
  • Institution: Swedish Defense University & Mid Sweden University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 267-288
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019205
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019205.pdf

Russia and China are terraforming the maritime environment as part of their warfare. In both cases the actions are illegal and the performance is offensive to its actual nature. In the case of China, the practice is construction of artificial islands in the South Chinese Sea and in the case of Russia it is about the infamous bridge built over the Kerch strait, Ukraine. Neither Russia nor China expects an armed conflict with the West in the near future. That is a reasonable assumption, which is weaponized at the political-strategically level. The attack of this weaponized situation is that the trust in the West. Primarily the EU (European Union) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), is eroded for every day which these countries challenges the international system which the western democracies say that they present and defend. China and Russia offer their authoritarian systems as a replacement and there are a lot of pseudo-democratic or even out-right authoritarian regimes on the sideline watching this challenge unfold. The article highlights the difference for the NATO-countries in logic of practice when it comes to the political social field on one hand and the military political field on the other hand. The article uses material from a previously unpublished survey made on NATO-officers then attending courses at NATO Defense College (NDC).

NATO Defense College PMSC South Chinese Sea ASEAN national security policies reflexive control state vulnerabilities exploitation of cultural asymmetries NATO policy and doctrines hybrid warfare China

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Hidden Memory and Memorials The Monument in Memory of the Korean Victims of the Atomic Bomb and the Remembrance of Korean Victims

  • Author: Olga Barbasiewicz
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University in Kraków
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 289-303
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019206
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019206.pdf

During World War II, Americans dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Due to this atrocity, around 140,000 human beings lost their lives. Almost 20% of them were Koreans. It resulted in the sudden capitulation of Japan and caused the so called higaisha ishiki (awareness of being a victim) among Japanese society. Unfortunately, the question of Korean atomic blast victims has been forgotten and the Monument raised in Memory of the Korean Victims of the Atomic Bomb was placed in the peripheries of the Park. The aim of this paper is to analyze Hiroshima Memorial Park monuments, as locations that serve as political tools, with special emphasis on the issue of the Monument in Memory of Korean Victims of the A-bomb, which characterizes Japanese politics of remembrance towards Korea.

Korean victims Hiroshima memorials monuments remembrance memory

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A Few Problems with Mouffe’s Agonistic Political Theory

  • Author: Monika Mazur-Bubak
  • Institution: Jagiellonian University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 307-318
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019207
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019207.pdf

The main goal of examining a single philosophical theory, connected with social and political disciplines, is not just to identify its incoherence or to restate the theory in a more elegant way. More important in that kind of investigation is to show its possible impact on people’s lives and the functioning of communities. Thus, it seems more reasonable to conduct a critical analysis of the possible consequences for a real society than to undertake a simple study of the argument’s logical consistency. The main aim of this paper is to introduce doubts about the thesis of Chantal Mouffe presented by her in Agonistics. Thinking the World Politically and Passion and Politics. Main hypothesis is that thinking about the “political” and “politics” with reference to enmity as well as claiming that the source of every political and social activity is antagonism, can provoke an attitude that social and political scenes are battlefields rather than an agora or the space of human interactions. First of all, the author provides the critical analysis and reconstruction of the most important claims connected with the “political”, which can have strong negative effects-i.e. brutalization and creating a negative basis for social relation. Then presents a few possible sources of thinking of “political” as a “competition” or rather “enmity”. The last part it is the critic of what Mouffe claims about reason why people get involve into politics, based on the psychological experiments and in result of this the author shows the importance of validity the high standards in politics, diplomacy and relation on the social level.

nature of politics liberal-democracy Mouffe antagonism Agonism aggression Freud

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Behavioral Insights as a New Generation of Public Service Delivery

  • Author: Robert Gawłowski
  • Institution: WSB University in Toruń
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 319-329
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019208
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019208.pdf

For many years behavioral insights has been on the top of political agenda. The aim of this article it to examine how the most innovative countries use this public management tool into public administration realm. In pursuit of this, behavioral insights units have been research in six countries. In conclusion author figure out that there is still a huge room for development and looking a new strategy to implement nudging in a larger scale.

innovation in public administration nudge behavioral insights public service delivery

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A Vision of the State’s Political System in the Political Thought of the National Party between 1928 and 1939

  • Author: Aneta Dawidowicz
  • Institution: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 330-344
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019209
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019209.pdf

Views of the National Party (1928-1939) merit special attention, given both the Party’s prominent role in the political life of interwar Poland and the interesting combination of various elements derived from diverse ideological trends within the Party’s programme. The ideological legacy of the National Party reflected, to a large extent, the key constituents of the National Democracy’s political thought, such as nationalism, representation of all social classes, national integrity and the concept of the nation-state. The National Party underwent major evolution and was subject to internal divisions which makes the image of its political thought much more complex. Based on an analysis of the National Party’s political thought, several conclusions can be formulated. The National Party developed its own views regarding political systems. These were, to a large extent, determined by their own system of values based on the national idea. The National Party’s political system projections were mainly inspired by (1) the successes of the “new type” states; (2) pressure from totalitarian systems; and (3) the influence of the economic and spiritual crisis. The National Party leaders wanted to make the political system more efficient. Nonetheless, views in favor of directly imitating any foreign political systems could hardly be found in the Party’s political thought. The National Party’s ideologists and journalists invariably stated that there was no pre-defined political system, but its form had to be adjusted to the specificity and unique character of a given national body. Although inspiration was drawn from external political systems, the Party’s political thought did not lose its independence.

National Party nationalism political thought political system

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Alternative diplomacy and the political role of clerical elites: The Roman Catholic Church as an ideological counterforce in interwar Banat

  • Author: Mihai A. Panu
  • Institution: West University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 347-358
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019210
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019210.pdf

In interwar Romania, non-political institutions played a decisive role in the process of containing the expansion of totalitarian ideologies. The two major colliding ideological forces, National Socialism and Communism, rapidly reshaped the European sociopolitical profile after World War I and caused an unprecedented long-term deterioration of various intergovernmental relations. The Banat region was systematically exposed to external ideological factors due to the fact that its heterogeneous ethno-cultural profile allowed a rapid proliferation of political ideas and programs.

Augustin Pacha Banat NS-ideology diplomacy propaganda catholic church

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Activities of the Catholic Church in Poland Against Pedophilia in 2018

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 359-371
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019211
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019211.pdf

The aim of the article is to determine the type of activities undertaken by the Catholic Church towards clergymen committing sexual offenses, and more specifically: pedophilia. The research problem is a question: what actions does the Catholic Church take against pedophilia? In order to realize a research project, it was first determined how the offense is defined in the doctrine of church criminal law. Then, there was made an analysis of the activities undertaken by the hierarchs of the Catholic Church. On its basis, a typology of the forms of the Church’s influence at various levels was reconstructed in the field of both preventive and sanctioning actions against the clergy. In the article there was adopted a time restriction covering only 2018. It can be described as a breakthrough, first of all due to the verdict that was made in Poznań (MS, 2018), the accusations that appeared at the end of the year against the deceased chaplain of Solidarity, Fr. Henryk Jankowski and initiatives taken by both citizens and politicians, such as the first anti-clerical happening of Baby Shoes Remember in Poland or the creation of a pedophile map. In the cinemas, a movie entitled “Kler” showed up. It moved the topic of pedophilia in the Church. Results: the Catholic Church in Poland, apart from symbolic activities, i.e. oral and written declarations, assurances, and prayers, undertakes also substantial actions, such as personal changes, cooperation with the state or the meetings of hierarchs centered around pedophilia.

types of activities against pedophilia sexual offenses The Catholic Church pedophilia

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Media Image of Parliamentary Elections in Poland in 2015

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 377-379
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019213
  • PDF: ppsy/48-2/ppsy2019213.pdf

REFERENCES:

  • Łódzki, B. (2010). Ustanawianie agendy mediów podczas kampanii wyborczych w 2005 roku. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
  • Nowak, E. (2014). Ustanawianie agendy politycznej przez media. Efekt newsa w Polsce. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.
  • Peszyński, W. (2016). Prezydencjalizacja zachowań wyborczych w elekcji parlamentarnej w 2015 roku. Political Preferences, No. 12, pp. 37–55.

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