Issue 3

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy20203toc.pdf

Polish Political Science Yearbook, 49(3). Published online: September 30, 2020. The Polish Political Science Yearbook is international peer-reviewed journal indexed in: American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies (ABSEES) Online, BazHum, Central and Eastern European Online Library, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (cejsh.icm.edu.pl), Columbia International Affairs Online, Cosmos Impact Factor, Directory of Open Access Journals, Electronic Journals Library, ERIH Plus, Gale PowerSearch, Google Scholar, HeinOnline, IBR – International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, IBZ – International Bibliography of Periodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, ICI Journals Master List, International Political Science Abstracts, Open Academic Journals Index, POL-Index (Polska Bibliografia Naukowa) and The Lancaster Index.

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Editorial

  • Author: Adam Paweł Olechowski
  • Institution: Secretary General of the Main Board of the Polish-Chinese Friendship Association
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-8428
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5–6
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020301
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020301.pdf

The Functions and Problems of China’s State-Owned Economy

  • Author: Wei-xiao Jia
  • Institution: Fudan University, China
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-5932
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 9-29
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020302
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020302.pdf

At the national symposium on the reform of state-owned enterprises, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave important instructions that state-owned enterprises are important forces in strengthening the country’s overall strength and safeguarding the common interests of the people. Therefore, the country must make state-owned enterprises „stronger, better, and bigger”. Huge objections arose in the academic field. This article thoroughly analyzes China’s state-owned economy from the perspective of Marx’s historical materialism, national productivity, and social development, and clarifies the historical status and role of China’s state-owned economy. At the same time, this article comprehensively analyzes the economic significance of making state-owned enterprises „stronger, better, and bigger” from the perspective of total factor productivity, and proposes that since the state-owned economy is backed up by the state, investing in technology research and development has its advantages. However, because the state-owned economy is biased toward administrative instructions, it often lacks efficiency, so if the state-owned economy wants to become „stronger, better, and bigger”, it must undergo reforms in terms of management efficiency.

productivity materialism state-owned economic reform

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Dangerous, Yet Not So Unique. Characteristics of the Chinese Social Credit System

  • Author: Jan Pabisiak
  • Institution: University of Wrocław, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-4389
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 30-53
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020303
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020303.pdf

Since 2015, the Social Credit System - an initiative of the government of the People’s Republic of China which aims to strengthen trustworthiness of the business entities and citizens, promote obedience to law and customs, and develop the Communist Party of China’s control over social trends and potential threats to the political stability - has been attracting worldwide attention. International media portrays the System as a mechanism which leads China to totalitarianism and destroys hope for development of the Chinese democratic movement. Therefore, interests of both sides, the West and China, are seen as contradictory. Harmful beliefs like the one that Chinese still export products of poor quality and on the Chinese side that the Western ideals lead to demoralization are common thanks to some sort of Occidental and Oriental propaganda. That is why it is necessary to compile and analyze the known facts regarding the Social Credit System, which in contrast to the media narration turns out to be a tool with interesting capabilities, not necessarily contradictory to the other major civilizations’ values.

scoring blacklist Reputation trustworthiness surveillance Social Credit System China

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Illuminating Shanghai: Light, Heritage, Power

  • Author: Karolina Pawlik
  • Institution: USC-SJTU Institute of Cultural and Creative Industry
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-9174
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 54-74
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020304
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020304.pdf

This paper explores the complex connection between heritage, light and power in Shanghai since the late 19th Century, and seeks a new understanding of how mutually coupled legacies of modernity, socialism and cosmopolitanism continue to shape this city’s unique identity and image. It focuses on the recent ideological remake of the skyline along the Huangpu River, achieved largely through the flamboyant illumination designed in 2018. Combining a number of visual and textual sources with fieldwork, it reveals the persistent symbolic role the city has played in a triumphant socialist cause, and assesses how past promises of a new Shanghai and a bright future for China have been sustained in the Reform Era. It forms a preliminary attempt to depict what the author argues should be perceived and studied as the engineering of a new propaganda medium which intersects with urban space governance. The implications of this project are discussed in the context of the threats and opportunities for Shanghai in terms of maintaining the city’s unique character and meaning coming from its own history and culture, rather than in terms of Shanghai simply being a vehicle for China’s modernity.

light modernity Shanghai propaganda urban lighting

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A Comparison of Nisga’a Self-Government and International Standards of Indigenous Self-Determination

  • Author: Agnieszka Szpak
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-1230
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 77-95
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020305
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020305.pdf

The paper concentrates on the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples on the basis of the Nisga’a Nation. The author analyzes the most important provisions of the Nisga’a Final Agreement, in particular those envisaging self-determination of the Nisga’a Nation. Then the author briefly examines the Nisga’a Constitution which may be regarded as a means to implement the Nisga’a Final Agreement. It shows how the Nisga’a selfgovernance model fits into the provisions on self-determination of indigenous peoples. The thesis of this paper is that the Nisga’a self-governance is consonant with international legal standards expressed in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Nisga’a selfgovernment model is much more than just cultural autonomy: it actually amounts to political autonomy. This subject is worth exploring because it may serve as a pattern to be followed with reference to other indigenous peoples, not only in Canada.

Nisga’a Nation right to self-determination indigenous peoples self-governance

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Possibility of Implementing the Concept of the Intermarium in the Context of Militant Democracy in Poland During and After the Coronavirus Pandemic

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1458-5076
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 96-110
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020306
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020306.pdf

Intermarium is one of the most important Polish geopolitical concepts. This article considers it within the category of militant democracy. It allows to explore the process of militant democracy, that is, introducing restrictions by legal means. Most restrictions have recently been introduced due to a coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, the article undertakes to examine the potential for implementation of the concept of the Intermarium during the pandemic and shortly after its end. The study uses a qualitative analysis of sources. Indicators relevant to the study of the process of militant democracy were distinguished based on the body of literature. Results: The traditional concept of the Intermarium erodes due to natural causes. Currently, Poland is more inclined to the concept of the Three Seas. In addition, in the face of the analysis that was carried out, it seems that in a pandemic situation we are observing the end of the paradigm of liberal democracy in this case.

militant democracy coronavirus COVID-19 Poland Intermarium pandemic Three Seas

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Research on Systemic Transformation in the Countries of Central Asia

  • Author: Tadeusz Bodio
  • Institution: University of Warsaw, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-7434
  • Author: Andrzej Wierzbicki
  • Institution: University of Warsaw, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-164X
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 111-133
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020307
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020307.pdf

The article presents the goals, tasks, organization and major stages of implementation of the international programme of research on transformation in the countries Central Asia. The research has been conducted since 1997 by a team of political scientists from the University of Warsaw in cooperation with representatives of other Polish and foreign universities.

post–communism velvet revolutions ethnopolitics political modernization political tradition political transformation Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Central Asia Research programme

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Political Trust vs. Turnout in Modern Democracies

  • Author: Izabela Kapsa
  • Institution: Kazimierz Wielki University, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2342-3682
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 151-160
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020309
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020309.pdf

The article analyzes the relations between political trust - one of the most important values in the life of political communities - and election-related behaviors in the narrow meaning of voting. Researchers investigate the phenomenon of decreasing turnout as one of the expressions of democratic crisis. When studying such a complex problem, it is essential to search for multi-theme causes which might be helpful in understanding the topic and possibly finding a solution for it. The author of this article, while assuming the correctness of analyzes conducted thus far, which indicate that the problem lies in weaker attachment to political parties, less interest in politics and inadequate tools, raises questions whether the decreasing turnout in individual states may be related to the level of trust that citizens put in political institutions and whether there is a relation between these both indicators. In order to answer these questions, the author employs a quantitative analysis of data which derive from reports containing percentage levels of political trust and turnout in the elections, a comparative analysis, as well as an overview of literature on the subject.

voters’ turnout political trust general trust general election e-democracy

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Changes in the Electoral Code and Their Impact on the Security of the Election The Origin for Discussion Based on Selected Comments

  • Author: Karol Pachnik
  • Institution: Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-8522
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 161-170
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020310
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020310.pdf

After the local government elections in Poland in 2018, the adopted solutions aimed at increasing the security of the elections were reviewed. Some of the solutions adopted so far have been abandoned, such as transmissions from the polling station, while others have been minimized (the division of the precinct electoral commissions in the precinct electoral commission for voting in the region and the precinct electoral commission for determining the results of voting in the region). In public opinion polls, the National Electoral Commission achieved record of confidence.

National Electoral Commission security of elections elections

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Challenges of Georgia’s Pension System

  • Author: Jaba Urotadze
  • Institution: Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-0595
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 171-185
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020311
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020311.pdf

In 2018, a mandatory funded pension model (second pillar) was introduced in Georgia. At present, the Georgian pension system has three pillars, but the reform does not apply to current pensioners. If society does not trust all three pillars, the chances of reversing the pension reform will rise for two reasons. First, the replacement rate from the first pillar (state redistributive pension) is much lower than in any of the OECD member states. Second, for the majority of participants of the second pillar, pension payments will start in 20-25 years’ time. Such a long period creates uncertainty for many about whether long-term economic growth will be achieved, which in turn would make possible an adequate level of retirement income. This paper attempts to identify means of increasing replacement rates for the state redistributive pension and coverage of the voluntary funded third pillar. The research provides recommendations to enhance the Georgian pension system.

pension replacement rate pension pillars pension reform Georgia

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Contemporary Challenges to Security Sciences

  • Author: Joanna Rak
  • Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University (Poland)
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0505-3684
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 189-191
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020312
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020312.pdf

Book review: Daniel Kawa (ed.), International Security and State Borders, Adam Marszałek Publishing House, Toruń 2019, pp. 277

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American Diplomatic Engagement in the EU

  • Author: Kamil Pietrasik
  • Institution: Asia-Pacific Society, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-0659
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 194-197
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020314
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020314.pdf

Book review: Michał Dahl, Aktywność dyplomacji USA wobec państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej w latach 2009–2013, Nicolaus Copernicus University Press, Toruń 2019, pp. 224

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Theological Anthropology of the Contemporary Polish Candidate for Altars

  • Author: Kamila Rezmer-Płotka
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1458-5076
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 198-200
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020315
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020315.pdf

Book review: Ryszard Ficek, Christians in socio-political life. An Applied Analysis of the Theological Anthropology of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, Primate of Poland, Adam Marszałek Publishing House, Toruń 2020, pp. 406

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European Science Diplomacy and its Applications to Global Challenges

  • Author: Joanna Siekiera
  • Institution: University of Bergen, Norway
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-9121
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 203-206
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020316
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020316.pdf

European Academy of Diplomacy Warsaw Science Diplomacy School. Warsaw, (June 22-26, 2020), European Academy of Diplomacy and Inventing a shared Science Diplomacy for Europe (InsSciDE)

Warsaw Science Diplomacy School 2020 was the 1st edition of summer school held together by the European Academy of Diplomacy, based in Poland, and the European Union led programme Inventing a shared Science Diplomacy for Europe (InsSciDE). The week-long venue took place online, due to the coronavirus pandemic, between 22-26 June 2020. Class of 2020 consisted of 28 participants from 6 continents, 10 European Union member states and 27 countries in total, where vast majority possessed different nationality and country of residence. Also, the mentors and instructors of the school came from over 13 institutions gathered in the InsSciDe consortium. Participants were divided into 4 teams where they were discussing study cases of how European science diplomacy applies to global challenges. The chosen challenges were the following: Natural resources as public goods for global health; A Matter of Global Epidemic Diplomacy; Scientists in diplomacy during the Scramble for Africa; and A co-production of science and diplomacy in the Law of the Sea.

European Union Europe European diplomacy summer school science diplomacy diplomacy

Big Data - A Complex Analysis of Daily Attitudes as a Modern Inevitable Global Danger

  • Author: Natalia Lewandowska
  • Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2396-3048
  • Year of publication: 2020
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 134-148
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2020308
  • PDF: ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020308.pdf

In the Fourth Industrial Revolution we already have robots, also there are such technologies as genetic sequencing and editing, artificial intelligence, miniaturized sensors, 3D printing and much more. Digital technologies are constantly being developed with new methods and have been implemented worldwide into various processes and automation systems. The article describes modern digitalization components and analyzes its possible threats. Along with an increase in life comfort, modern civilizations must face with cybercrimes based on data collection, including cyber thefts and hacker attacks. Globalization enables exchanging goods and services between countries of the world. It also gives a tool phishing and illegally access vulnerable information of global enterprises to compete unfairly. Although Big Data can be helpful among organizations, it can also be a mark of the inevitable danger worldwide.

phishing digitalization cybercrimes Industry 4.0 the Fourth Industrial Revolution Big Data globalization

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