No. 19(1)

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: rop/19/rop19toc.pdf

Understanding social pathology of disease causation and socio-cultural factors of corona virus (COVID-19) in South-West, Nigeria

  • Author: Sola Aluko-Arowolo
  • Institution: Olabisi Onabanjo University
  • Author: Olugbenga O. Ogunbote
  • Institution: Olabisi Onabanjo University
  • Author: Taiwo Edun
  • Institution: Olabisi Onabanjo University
  • Author: Akinola Olugbenga Olarenwaju
  • Institution: Olabisi Onabanjo University
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 7-24
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022101
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1901.pdf

The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) started in Wuhan City of China on December 31st 2019As at August 3,2020 a total of 18,056,310 million cases had been diagnosed globally with over 689,219 deaths with cases in Nigeria snowballing gradually becoming lethal. Given Nigeria’s socio-economic and demographic significance to African continent, it is imperative to understand the cultural norms that may aid or obstructs prevention and treatment of the disease in order to halt its transmission. Data for study came from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and other publicly available data sources supported with PEN-3 cultural model developed in 1989 by Airhihenbuwa. The model places culture at the core of the development, implementation and evaluation of successful public health interventions. COVID-19 transmission increases with large population concentration in urban areas and proximity to major entry points to other adjacent states and countries. The paper suggested that dominant cultures, civilization and religious practices should be adhered to, adopted as the case may be for restrictions such physical distancing, hand hygiene, use of face masks and another prophylactic regimen to flatten the curve of the pandemic in Nigeria and likely occurrence of similar disease in future.

fatalism Social pathology Ethno-religious Microbe infection COVID-19

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The European Union and Cultural, Economic and Political Development of Minority in Central and Eastern Europe

  • Author: Mukesh Shankar Bharti
  • Institution: Jawaharlal Nehru University
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-7247
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 25-53
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022102
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1902.pdf

This article aims to present the positions of minorities in Central and Eastern Europe since 1990. The analysis concentrates on relations between the various cultural and minorities group. The main outline is the concepts of minority rights and their multi-dimensional development of linguistic minorities and social development. There is a broad description of the social development of Roma in Central and Eastern Europe. Eastern European democracy promoters have made extensive use of their bilateral diplomatic channels to allow democratization laggards in the post-communist space a glimpse of what democracy looks like close to home and to give them encouragement and know-how to move forward with reforms.

East Europe social minority Cultural politics the European Union

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The Function of Collective Memory in the Creation of a New Nation in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s A Grain of Wheat

  • Author: Gulden Kazaz Celik
  • Institution: Sabancı University School of Languages
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-9261
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 54-63
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022103
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1903.pdf

This paper aims to share a story of Kenya narrated by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s A Grain of Wheat and analyse its narrative in accordance with Ernest Renan’s article entitled “What is a Nation?” to reveal a part of its journey from their dependence on the British colonial rule to their independence. The whole novel is anchored in the collective memories of some of the Kenyans, describing what they have undergone so far under the British colonial rule and how they have gained their independence with the help of the Mau Mau freedom fighters who mostly sacrifice their own life for their nation’s peace and liberation. This collective memory helps them get together to remember their past and build their present for their future and at this point Thiong’o’s novel seems to echo Renan’s arguments focusing on the basics of the nation. As Renan states in the article, embracing the past memories, accepting all the stories of sacrifice and devotion as well as their own suffering, holding a common and strong will for the present and building the future by punishing the traitors as an example for the others who might think of betraying their togetherness and unity are all the requirements to be fulfilled to create a new nation and Thiong’o’ appears to apply each of them to be sure that they eventually have their own independent nation.

sacrifice the creation of a new nation collective memory

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Afghanistan’s Media Developments and Challenges in the Past Two Decades: A Short Glance at Media Freedom

  • Author: Masom Jan Masomy
  • Institution: Afghanistan Academy of Sciences
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 64-77
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022104
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1904.pdf

Media, during Taliban five years period from 1996-2001, had been totally suffocated. Only limited number of print media would publish to spread the propaganda of Taliban Emirate under Sharia Law. Post-Taliban era, media landscape obtained new image with the establishment of democratic government. Independent media were allowed to operate in accordance with the formation of new constitution of 2004. Afghanistan to rise and promote the voice of right, equality and justice, defend human rights and spread public awareness in order to serve for social responsibilities. Despite continued challenges media outlets and journalists have made tremendous progress which it has resulted in harm of their personal life from time to time due to threats of insecurity, war, warlords, strongmen, corrupted actors in government as well as in attacks of Taliban and ISIS insurgents. Hence, media outlets and journalists have been carrying on their responsibilities despite of availed risks to them and their families. In this paper, it has been viewed the status of media freedom, process of development and continued challenges to media freedom and journalists.

propaganda Afghanistan democracy media

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Electoral Processes Digitalization : Trends and Prospects for Ukraine Based on the European Union Countries Experience

  • Author: Olena Redchyts
  • Institution: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1483-8763
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 78-90
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022105
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1905.pdf

The article purpose is to study digitalization of certain phases of Ukraine electoral processes, taking into account the European Union experience. The research design consists in a comparative analysis of electoral processes digitalization and its legislative provision. The article describes the legal field of EU electoral processes. The recommendations of the Council of Europe on e-voting standards are considered. The role of the administrator of the Ukraine State Voter Register is considered. The phases of electoral processes that require gradual digitalization are given. Scientific novelty of the study is to use a comparative approach in studying the electoral law of the EU and Ukraine. The research field is limited to the electoral law of the EU and Ukraine. The practical effects of the study make it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of digitalizing the phase of the electoral process. The scientific novelty of the study conducted in this article is to study the digital transformation restrictions at individual stages of electoral processes. The fundamental provisions in Ukrainian legislation on digitalization of electoral processes are determined. The article summarizes that the widespread means of electoral processes digitalization is the formation and updating of the voters registers and conducting their statistics. The author revealed that electoral processes digitalization has a fragmentary character in the EU countries, since the legal field in providing cyber security requires continuous improvement.

Election Processes standards Voter Identification Voter Registry Voter Statistics cybersecurity

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Impact of Climate Change Mitigation Measures on Indigenous Peoples

  • Author: Agnieszka Szpak
  • Institution: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-1230
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 91-112
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022106
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1906.pdf

The author presents selected ventures in the area of climate change mitigation and adaptation that negatively affect indigenous peoples. Against this factual background, she analyzes relevant international legal regulations. Such an analysis enables the answer to the main research question: can climate change adaptation and mitigation actions be the justification for disrespecting the rights of indigenous peoples? The research method adopted is legal- -institutional analysis which includes an examination of the content of legal and other documents. Combined with critical analysis of literature and media reports this analysis allows representation of the reality – violations of the rights of indigenous peoples as a part of efforts to counteract climate change. Recommendations and main findings include: climate change adaptation and mitigation measures may not justify violations of the rights of indigenous peoples; such measures have to be developed in collaboration with indigenous communities; indigenous peoples’ rights may not be perceived as a factor hindering the State’s economic development or an obstacle to environmental protection; indigenous knowledge should be included in the strategies to combat climate change. Indigenous peoples should be regularly consulted by policy makers so that the their traditional knowledge is incorporated in decisions regarding these matters.

climate change indigenous peoples hydro-energy indigenous ecological knowledge

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COVID-19 and security-development nexus : Vietnam’s perspectives

  • Author: Chu Minh Thao
  • Institution: Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 113-131
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022107
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1907.pdf

Covid-19 is considered as an important factor that impacts largely on the security and development. Covid-19 has caused the shiftin the definition of the national security and significance of new emerging non-traditional security issues, for instance the health security, and human security. Accordingly, Covid-19 has had devastating effects on the poor and human development, due to the economic recession and diversion of resources to focus on coping with the virus, stressing the accomplishment of sustainable development goals. It is anticipated that the entanglement of security and development issues gives rise to more complex challenges to ensure the stability and progress of sustainable economic development. This context has raised a question of how countries, especially lower middle-income countries like Vietnam, could cope with arising challenges and opportunities in the new context. This research concludes that Vietnam, as a perfect case study, has strongly supported global and regional cooperation to reset development agenda to focus on quick economic recovery towards resilient, green inclusive, and sustainable development. Internally, Vietnam was successful in controlling the pandemic, and become one of few countries that achieved positive GDP growth in the region in 2020. The key to overcome these challenges remains with the Communist Party of Vietnam’s strong political leadership to control Covid-19, and to take advantages of development trends such as globalization, shifting of supply chain, digital economy, and green recovery and green growth.

security development COVID-19 transformation

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The Nexus among Unemployment, Poverty and Crime in Contemporary Nigeria

  • Author: Christiana Ebobo Urowoli
  • Institution: National Open University of Nigeria,
  • Author: Toju Akujobi Alero
  • Institution: National Open University of Nigeria,
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 132-148
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022108
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1908.pdf

Unemployment and poverty have been the major causes of crime in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. The main objective of this paper was to show the connections among unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. It also examined unemployment and poverty rates in Nigeria. The research design adopted for this paper is cross-sectional and explanatory. The paper adopted conceptual framework to show the nexus among the concepts. It used secondary sources of data collection and data analysis was based on content analysis. The study revealed that there is a strong link between unemployment, poverty and crime in Nigeria. The relationship among the concepts is bi-directional. Unemployment has adverse effect on poverty and crime rate. So also poverty negatively affects unemployment and crime rates. Increase in crime rates leads to increase in unemployment and poverty. The paper therefore recommended amongst others that the rate of unemployment must reduce if poverty and crime must reduce. Also the rate of unemployment can be reduced through provision of jobs which will consequently reduce the rate of poverty and also make crime unattractive on the long run.

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Agnieszka Szpak, Michał Dahl (eds.), Wprowadzenie do polityki zagranicznej państw członkowskich ASEAN [Introduction to the Foreign Policy of the ASEAN Member States], Nicolaus Copernicus University Press, Toruń 2021, pp. 406.

  • Author: Tomasz Czapiewski
  • Institution: University of Szczecin
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-8455
  • Year of publication: 2022
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 151-153
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2022109
  • PDF: rop/19/rop1909.pdf

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