Religion is perceived by several scholars as a source of conflict, violence, destruction and cruelty, despite all of these, a lot of people still believe in religion, they regard religion as source of peace, harmony, compassion, love and tolerance. So far as role of Islam in peace building and conflict resolution are concerned, Islam is no different from other religions, it also advocates same virtues as other religions do. But academic discourse on the subject largely identifies Islam with violence and conflict. This study is humble effort to illuminate those social capital that Islam has for establishing peace and resolving conflict, in the same time, this paper also examines Islamic approach toward peace building and conflict resolution by contextualizing Islamic texts as major source on the subject.

One of the main pillars of Democratic Confederalism and Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria is to create a gender-equal society. Hence, this paper will focus on women rights and women’s gaining during the administration of PYD in Rojava. Öcalan can be considered as ideological leader of Rojava and PYD. The paper will start to analyze Öcalan’s approach towards women by investigating his writings and speech. Then it will focus on women’s success in the fight against ISIS and other religious terrorist organizations. And in the last part, it will focus on women’s role in the political life and their gaining during the Syrian Civil War.

This scientific article is devoted to the study of the current issue of the duration of civil liability and its relationship with the term of the contract. There is a position that the subjective rights and obligations of the parties to the contract remain valid until terminated. Every obligation has its duration, and the term is its key characteristic and is included in the content of the obligation. The expiration of the term of the right and the corresponding obligation should, in theory, lead to the termination of the obligation. This applies to both regulatory relations (intact) and security (those that arise and develop autonomously after the offense). The paper focuses on the general principles of termination of obligations provided for in Chapter 50 of the Civil Code. These are grounds such as performance, crediting of counter-obligations, innovation, impossibility of performance, etc. However, it is emphasized that the current legislation does not define the expiration of the term as a ground for termination of the obligation. This is its significant disadvantage. With a certain assumption, it can be considered a settled legal relationship, which has no protective capacity in the event of expiration of the cut-off period. But in the law there is no such regulation of the relationship, limited in time by ordinary deadlines. This applies to the duration of all civil contracts. The contract may be terminated not only as a result of unilateral actions of the party, but also with the consent of the counterparties and as a result of other phenomena. The author proves that the contract ends with the termination of obligations contained in the contract. In other words, it is terminated due to exhaustion of conditions. An unfulfilled contract may also be terminated early. This is possible by mutual consent of the participants, or by the will of one counterparty, if provided by the agreement or established by law. The article examines in detail the grounds and mechanisms of these actions, special attention is paid to the termination of the contract as a sanction for improper compliance with its terms. After all, such an action, along with the termination of regulatory obligations, can give rise to others – security. These obligations are related to the return of the performed (for example, the return of the leased thing), compensation for damages, performance in kind of counter- -obligation, etc.

The relevance of this research topic is due, on the one hand, the importance of studying the mechanisms of protection of consumers of financial services in martial law, and on the other – the presence of theoretical and practical legal issues related to state control in this area. According to its legal content, martial law is a special legal regime that can be imposed under certain conditions throughout Ukraine or in some of its territories. The basis for the imposition of martial law may be armed aggression or the threat of attack, as well as the threat to state independence of Ukraine and the territorial integrity of the country. In order to avert threats to national security, the relevant authorities, military administrations, military command and local self-government bodies are given the necessary powers during martial law. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comprehensive scientific analysis of theoretical, practical and regulatory issues of protection of consumers of financial services in martial law and develop proposals to improve existing legislation to harmonize national legislation with European Union law. The author notes that based on the analysis of emergency regulations of the National Bank of Ukraine aimed at protecting the rights of consumers of financial services in martial law, a number of conclusions can be drawn. Provisions on the protection of consumers of financial services in martial law should protect the interests of consumers by encouraging the provision of quality services and fair competition. Withdrawal from the market of those participants whose services are directly related to the financial institutions of the aggressor state, low quality and based on fraud and abuse, or those who seek to maximize profits in the short term to the detriment of long-term value to customers and shareholders in fact, one of the main purposes of such regulation.

This scientific article highlights the issue of ensuring the investment component of information security of the state in martial law. Theoretical and practical interest in the study of the problems of legal security of military security is primarily related to the social, economic and geopolitical metamorphoses that have taken place in the world in recent years. In the current realities of Ukraine, it faces a number of issues, the solution of which is directly related to the identification and analysis of sources of real and potential threats to national interests. A significant number of global threats require the creation of special administrative and legal mechanisms for regulating public relations that arise in emergencies of military, social, man-made and natural nature. The purpose of this article is to study some forms of investment support for state information security of Ukraine in martial law. The authors conclude that the business has continued to pay taxes to the state budget and even pays them in advance. In February 2022, the general fund of the state budget received UAH 104.6 billion (overfulfillment of the monthly schedule by 29.3%, or UAH 23.7 billion). With the planned deficit of UAH 66.2 billion in the first two months of 2022, the general fund surplus amounted to UAH 13.1 billion, and the state budget of Ukraine as a whole – UAH 24 billion. The NBU promptly transferred part of the profits for distribution in the amount of almost UAH 19 billion to the state budget of Ukraine to finance the functioning of the state under martial law. International organizations and partner countries have pledged large amounts of funding to strengthen defense capabilities, support Ukraine’s economy and humanitarian issues. According to the NBU, the total international financial, technical and humanitarian support is more than $ 15 billion, of which more than $ 5 billion – immediately to the budget.

Political image is formed in the mass consciousness, and has the kind of a stereotype, emotionally colored image of a political leader. Political image has a purely integral essence and is derived from the psychological, physiological and intellectual characteristics of the leader, aimed at the object of image perception. The image of a political leader is the essence and objective unit of communicative interaction in the system «political leader – the masses». He feels the interaction of various factors, which can be conventionally referred to as communication filters. At the same time, the essence of an effective image-making process is to see and take into account these barriers in time and achieve the greatest perception of the leader’s image. The specificity of a political leader in society is that citizens usually form their ideas about politicians not as a result of direct contact with them, but on the basis of symbolic politician representation in the media. Ideology and programs as the subject basis of political communication between leaders and the masses are increasingly being replaced by the image of a politician being created and promulgated in the media. The presence of a political leader in the media occurs as a necessary condition for his positioning in the political space. The formation of the leader political image during the war helps not only to achieve the political goals of the politician himself, but also affects the course of hostilities and the availability of world community support. The article attempts to analyze the political image of the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyi during the Russian-Ukrainian war and his influence on the war course. The author’s attention is focused on determining the image micro roles of the President, analyzing the impact of his image and rhetoric on the support of the world community and the decisions of the authorities of different countries. The author also explores how Ukrainians’ support for their president has changed since the beginning of the war. The author determines from which elements the image of a modern politician is built. Existing and additional micro roles of Volodymyr Zelenskyi image have been studied. The micro role of the President of Ukraine image among Ukrainians and at the international level is indicated. A content analysis of the President’s speeches in the British Parliament and the US Congress was performed. The impact of these speeches on the assistance to the Ukrainian army is analyzed. An increase in the level of support for the president by Ukrainians themselves since the beginning of the war has been revealed. The change in the image of the President of Ukraine among the international community and the level of support are shown.

In 2018, Armenia’s velvet revolution brought about a peaceful transition when it looked like open conflict would result. The revolution was welcomed by the majority of the Armenian people but its nature and its legacy have been disputed. This has occurred during the period of misinformation and disinformation. This papers uses analytical tools derived from the neo-Gramscian approach to analyse the events of the revolution and its aftermath with a view to understanding its impact and how to rebuild society from the divisions that have beset it beyond ideology.

The author of the article has conducted a comprehensive theoretical and legal research of the principles for reforming national security in the domestic jurisprudence. The author has defined the priorities and directions of the reform in the national security sector, and more important – its theoretical and methodological basis. It has been outlined that theory of national security is currently undergoing a stage of active formation and dynamic development. The search for reliable theoretical principles for the organization of the strategic planning system in the national security sector requires its consideration in terms of the application of the most general political and legal methods and tools of the state’s activities, built on the basic principles of complex and systematic nature and aimed at achieving the highest level of the national security. It has been concluded that the formation and implementation of state national security policy in Ukraine is one of the main problems of effective management of a transforming society. Ukrainian political practice indicates that the technology of implementing the doctrines, strategies, concepts and programs of the state policy in the national security sector should objectively integrate all components of political activity of the state and should be based on sound theoretical principles and historical experience. It has been determined that the main purpose of the national security reform is such a quality improvement of legislation and governance in the national security sector, which can provide quality strengthening the protection of key national interests from external and internal, real and potential threats, in accordance with еру current and future needs of society. It may provide the creation or substantial renewal of the activities of existing entities that ensure the national security, a significant change (“reformatting”, “resetting”) of the national security sector in accordance with existing social needs.