No. 2

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop2011toc.pdf

Polish experiences of the involvement in peacekeeping

  • Author: Jakub Ciechanowski
  • Author: Grzegorz Ciechanowski
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5-17
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201101
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201101.pdf

Polish troops carried out various tasks during the UN, NATO and the EU peacekeeping operations – from peace stabilization, through disarmament of aggressive groups and rebuild of areas under Polish administration, to distribution of humanitarian aid. In 2009, The Polish government withdrew all military of the UN contingents. The main reason of such decisions, was connected with engagement in the missions of the NATO: Afghanistan (ISAF) and Kosovo (KFOR) and Althea carried out by EUFOR.

polish contingents Poland in NATO Poland in United Nations Peacekeeping operations

Modern approach to paradiplomacy. Conceptualizing the external activities of regions

  • Author: Tomasz Czapiewski
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 18-31
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201102
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201102.pdf

The aim of this article was to explain development of paradiplomacy and describe the most important factors influencing its shape and form. Paradiplomacy is seen as a concept oft en used to describe international action of regions or entities of federal systems. Paradiplomacy in broad sense refers to international action by non-central governments. Intuitive predictions suggest further development of paradiplomacy as a sign of regions empowerment. Contrary to that, last research show that devolution of power inside the state does not correlate with increased use of paradiplomacy by regions.

paradiplomacy european studies multilevel governance Europeanization regions in European Union

The European Union’s energy security. A discussion in the context of the Russia-Belarus gas dispute from june 2010

  • Author: Łukasz Donaj
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 32-45
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201103
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201103.pdf

The presidential election in Belarus was planned for 19 December 2010. Although from the point of view of international law, it sounds cynical and ridiculous, it seems that the beginning of the “match” for the country governed by Alexander Lukashenko, in which one of the “main players” is Russia, was the gas dispute from June 2010. The publication contains an analysis of this dispute and a discussion on the Russian policy of economic blackmail. The dispute also reminded us of the problem of security of supply of natural gas to the European Union. The article therefore contains an overview of the energy situation in the EU and the process of working out a compromise formula for the resolution on security of supply of gas.

energy security EU-Russia relations EU-Belarus relations gas transit

Aspects and determinants of good presidency – provisions and proposals for Poland

  • Author: Agnieszka Osiecka
  • Author: Katarzyna Stankiewicz
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 46-68
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201104
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201104.pdf

The authors have taken in their article topic about the Presidency of the Council of the European Union because of the impending coverage for Poland the presidency in that organ. Briefly, the three countries have been characterized that are part of the so- called Second Presidency Trio (Federation of the French Republic, the Kingdom of Sweden and the Czech Republic). The article in authors opinion is aimed at selecting the most important and the most useful aspects and determinants of good Presidency. Each of the countries that are part of this Trio has been subjected to detailed analysis in terms of goals and their final implementation. According to the authors of the text, for the Polish Presidency of the European Union the most will be to stick to the pre- designated purposes such as European Union enlargement to Croatia, or take action for the Eastern Partnership and the Region of the Baltic Sea.

Eastern Partnership polish presidency in the European Council postulates for polish presidency EU-Ukraine relations

Ability to formulate challenges and priorities of the Polish presidency

  • Author: Jarosław J. Piątek
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 69-90
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201105
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201105.pdf

Organizational preparations to the Polish Presidency are in progress at full steam. We began accomplishment of some tasks in 2007 starting from the analysis of experiences of other countries. In 2008, the Government Plenipotentiary for the Polish Presidency in the EU was appointed and in January 2009 the Polish government passed a comprehensive program of preparations to this historical event. Moreover in 2009 the financial resources for organization were provided, logistic preparations as well as trainings for Polish officials and first promo and information activities were undertaken. On July 1, 2011 Poland will assume the Presidency of the EU Council. It is not only a great challenge requiring strategic planning, full political and organizational activity on domestic and European level but also, what the representatives of the current government emphasize, a big opportunity for Poland in shaping the EU. According to them, the Presidency gives a possibility of a bigger and real influence on decisions taken in the EU. To the public opinion, they send messages that we will have an opportunity to present in the EU arena the priorities of Polish policy, emphasize the most important area, submit our own ideas and initiatives. Only few emphasize the fact that the Presidency is mainly the continuation of previous activities of the EU, providing its coherent functioning and guaranteeing the vote in the worldwide important matters.

Europeanization polish presidency in the European Council polish foreign politics priorities of polish presidency

The role and meaning of the Western Balkans in the Polish foreign policy on the eve of the Polish presidency in the EU

  • Author: Renata Podgórzańska
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 91-107
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201106
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201106.pdf

The goal of the article it to present the role and meaning of the Western Balkans for the Polish foreign policy on the eve of the Polish Presidency in the EU. It is worth wondering if the fact of running the Presidency causes the change of character of the Polish foreign policy toward the region. The final answer will be possible after its end but some divagations are possible today, after the analysis of initial aims of the Polish Presidency. A question, if there is a necessity of enhancing the Polish activity and Polish presence in this part of Europe, is also legitimate. Experiences of the last years show that the interest of the Polish diplomacy in the region of the Western Balkans was limited and even if we showed some activity, it was the support for realization of the strategic aims of the foreign policy. The turning point in the Polish policy towards the Western Balkans could be a membership in the EU. Then there appeared a possibility of widening the field of influence of the Polish policy on the Balkans with the use of not only the own resources and political instruments but also the instruments at the EU disposal. It is worth considering whether it is not worth to use the moment to dynamize the Polish actions towards the region, especially when the region is very important for the EU and when the EU functions also as a promoter of stabilization, transformation and permanent development of the Western Balkans.

Western Balkans polish presidency in the European Council polish foreign politics external policy of European Union

Europe at the end of the first decade of the 21st century – crisis, development, change?A few remarks/comments concerning the period previous to the assumption of the EU presidency by The Republic of Poland

  • Author: Andrzej L. Ranke
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 108-124
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201107
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201107.pdf

The European Union resembles only partly a community in the way it works. The internal differences between the member countries, disclosed in their full strength by the financial crisis, dilute the foundations of the European unity. Will the EU survive this bend, as it has in the past, or will it share the fate of other unsuccessful political and economical unions known from history? Considering the latter possibility remains, in any case, no longer just an exercise in political fiction. The fact that the Union is not uniform has been known since it ceased to be a safe, close union of six founding countries. Yet only the extension to the East in 2004, accepting simultaneously ten new countries, gave rise to a heated discussion, whether an Union of 27 countries can work jointly at all, taking into consideration the increasingly visible disproportions between its members. It also quickly turned out that the Lisbon Treaty is just partly an answer to this dilemma. An institutional reform did not protect the Union from new, huge shocks, which the financial crisis brought with it. These phenomena create a challenge for Poland, which will take up its half-year EU presidency in the middle of 2011. They will not always agree with the plans and means concerning the realization of the planned actions.

Eastern Partnership polish presidency in the European Council priorities of polish presidency external relations of European Union

The secret service – the vanguard for the safety of a state and the European Union

  • Author: Jan Ronowski
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 125-161
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201108
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201108.pdf

The article is the attempt of introduction to the subject of the Polish Presidency the security perceived through the functioning of the national and the European Union’s (EU) secret services. The secret service understood as the service of the intelligence and counterintelligence (of security), legally authorized. The subject issues are presented in the aspect of the approaching Polish Presidency. During this time Poland can and should contribute to the improvement of security measures of the continent through its commitment and contribution to the construction of the secret service of the EU. Europe, if it wants to be a taken into the account player on the political, economical and cultural arena, needs to integrate. Otherwise it will still be a marginal continent. This determinant should effectively defeat the national prejudices and phobias. It needs to be remembered that the current crisis, consistently called economical, has deeper sources and wider roots. It generally concerns the whole, so called western lifestyle which is determined by the political and economical society structure. The countries of the EU of the Central- Eastern area can bring many new and positive values integrating Europe and thereby limit the barriers in the aspect of building the measures of partnership and trust.

international security secret service polish presidency in the European Council

Coordinating mechanism inside the European Union presidency . The meaning of the OMC

  • Author: Janusz Ruszkowski
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 162-182
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201109
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201109.pdf

This paper analyzes coordination mechanism within the framework of Presidency in the European Union and shows the meaning of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) inside this mechanism. New Perspectives in Presidency of the EU studies has been designed as a platform for debate and scholarship on contemporary European integration. It welcome contribution from political science and international relations. This article addresses essential question about theoretical instruments of the Presidency, typology of the Coordinating Instruments Mechanism inside the Presidency (institutional, procedural, programme) and the bridging character of the Coordinating Mechanism inside the Presidency. Thanks to this investigations we receive links between empirical facts and current research agenda in the field of the EU Presidency (ie. ways to reinforce Presidency influence on the European Union and its role for political initiative).

European Union Coordinating Mechanism Open Method of Coordination Instruments of coordinations

Some praxiological remarks on the problems of the European Union

  • Author: Benon Zb. Szałek
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 183-201
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201110
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201110.pdf

The aim of this paper is to present some remarks on the problems of the European Union as a system of 27 member states. It may be useful to deal with these problems on the grounds of a simple scheme based on the systems theory. This scheme requires to analyse the system of the European Union in association with its natural and artificial environment. European Union is in fact a multifunctional tool for several particular centres of power. It would be difficult to describe the European Union as ‘controllable’. One must not forget that there is some opposition with regard to the European Union. Numerous problems are generated within the member states. It seems to be reasonable to expect that the structure of the European Commission should be compatible with the real problems of the European Union and its member states. These matters require further research.

Political system of European Union praxeology, future of European Union problems of European Union

European Union’s security in the conclusions of the presidency – in the years 2005–2010

  • Author: Luiza Wojnicz
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 202-214
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201111
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201111.pdf

The Presidency of European Union (EU) plays an important role in the functioning of the whole organisation. First of all, it is the propelling force for new decisions and policies in every area. Interior and exterior security of the EU (especially terrorism and its prevention) has become major issues in recent years. Terrorist attacks in London and Madrid not only made us realise that interior security was threatened, but also that this problem is connected to the exterior environment. In eff ect, many documents referring to fi ghting terrorism have come into existence. It have shown a big demand for creating instruments that would deal with security issues. Moreover, many of the Union’s institutions have been granted rights to combat it. That is why it is legitimate to look closer at the output of previous Presidencies in the area of freedom, security, and justice. This paper aims at listing matters connected to the EU’s security through the analysis of priorities and conclusions of the Presidencies in years 2005–2010, and the effects coming from Work Programmes’ guidelines with simultaneous pointing to often different goals set by particular countries.

European Union international security Presidency in the European Council terrorism

International security after the collapse of bipolar division of the world – some chosen aspects

  • Author: Andrzej Żebrowski
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 215-234
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201112
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201112.pdf

The second half of the 20th century can be referred to as a considerable increase of martial and non-martial politically-military blocs existing back then. Political changes that were initiated in the 90s of the previous century have considerably changed geopolitical and geostrategic situation of virtually every country. What has also undergone a visible change was international security, the latter being manifested in the security of regions and states. These complex conditions constituted the grounds for new threats, appearing in addition to the already existing ones. The scale and significance of the latter came as a great surprise for international community. Apart from military threats there were a number of non-military ones, the sources of which could be traced back to civilisation and social progress. Some of the threats are the conflicts of national, ethnic and religion background as well as mass migration of people, organized crime, information theft , terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to name but few. The phenomena and the events that took place at the turn of the centuries point at advanced asymmetric activities which off er numerous possibilities to the offenders due to variety of the means that can be implemented. They infringe internal as well as external security of particular states.

international relations international security asymmetric conflicts post-cold war world

German presidencies in the European Union in the 1990s . The term and the specificity of the presidency in the European Council

  • Author: Marek Żurek
  • Year of publication: 2011
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 235-271
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201113
  • PDF: rop/2011/rop201113.pdf

A very important element of the structural and substantive functioning of the Council of the European Union is a cyclic Presidency (leadership) held for a period of six months by each Member State in turn in the system of the intergovernmental councils (the Council of the European Union and the European Council). The author of the present article would like to focus on the first two presidencies of the unifi ed Germany. Both took place in the 1990s – in the first decade of the country’s functioning after reunification. They also exemplify the ‘new’ Germany’s approach to the European integration, its deepening and widening. Germany wanted to dispel the doubts of the other EU Member States whether, as the united country, it would still support the process of integration. The 21st century proved the fears pointless.

Presidency in the European Council Germany in the European Union European Council Modern history of Germany

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