2019

Contents

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop2019toc.pdf

TABLE OF CONTENTS

From the Editors

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5-7
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201900.pdf

INTRODUCTION

Education and Science and Its Importance in Process of Supporting Economic Growth and Competitiveness in the European Union and Slovak Republic

  • Author: Peter Čajka
  • Institution: Matej Bel University
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0568-394X
  • Author: Lucia Rýsová
  • Institution: Matej Bel University
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/00000003-2965-1162
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 11-34
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201901
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201901.pdf

As a part of its long-term strategic objectives, the European Union has set efforts to increase internal cohesion, improve economic growth levels, which will strengthen its position in the world economy area and also strengthen its competitiveness vis-à-vis other key players in the world economy. The level and quality of education, as well as the level and quality of science and research, are key areas for achieving this goal. Thus, the main attention at the level of the European Union and its individual member states should be focused on the implementation of systemic measures aimed at improving the educational process and research activities in all aspects (legislative, personnel, financial, procedural, etc.). The article focuses on the definition and analysis of the main developmental trends and tendencies in the area of education and support of science and research in the area of the European Union and the Slovak Republic.

Education moral education research and development Economic Growth competitiveness the European Union the Slovak Republic

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My Thoughts on Future Political Needs and Difficulties

  • Author: Konrad Gizbert-Studnicki
  • Institution: University in Ottawa
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 35-53
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201902
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201902.pdf

When I was a young father, my children believed that my sayings were a true wisdom worthy repetition; today things have changed - it was my turn is to repeat wisdom of my children, believing that they usually are right. A few months ago, my son, Daviken, said that those who were writing frequently cannot easily survive without writing. Daviken was right. I loved to write, especially when something I wrote and which was contrary to what people believe was correct. I believe I inherited the dislike to generally accepted truth from my father, who was described by a Polish weekly that he was “the man who always goes against the general flow”. My father thought that this was an excellent statement of his character. He loved saying: “I am indeed a man who will think and act against prevailing flow, because only shit floats always with main current, and people who try to float in the main flow are those who repeat, without understanding, everything what they had heard”.

journalism historical examples political views cities intelligent politics Education health democracy international conditions

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Chinese Are Ready to Jump to Next Generation Armed Forces. China Is Preparing to Expand Its Sphere of Influence

  • Author: Sławomir Kałuziński
  • Institution: Polish Army pilot
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 54-70
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201903
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201903.pdf

The social and economic developments observed in recent decades in the PRC have led to a significant increase in economic and military capabilities. China is aspiring to the role of world power. Despite the assurances given by President Xi and the Chairman of the Communist Party on China’s peaceful development, the voices and opinions expressed are the opposite. Such an approach will be dominant in coming years and one cannot exclude a possibility of provocation, even armed intervention, if China finds that its national interest is threatened. The article presents the perspectives of PRC in playing the role of world peace guarantor.

peace ful development spheres of influence the development of China’s air force Chinese Armed Forces defense strategy

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Some Comments on Vietnam’s Security in the 21st Century

  • Author: Karol Kościelniak
  • Institution: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-5858
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 71-78
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201904
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201904.pdf

The main objective set by many countries is ensuring security. The means to accomplish this goal are the armed forces, obliged to guarantee safe functioning of the state and its citizens. There are states, for which maintaining a powerful, modern army has enormous significance for their superpower status, for their preparedness to a potential conflict or as a deterrent for the neighbouring states. Therefore, in the following text I will deal with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, because of its history, and especially due to the region where it is situated - one of the hottest places on Earth, full of misunderstandings, disputes and conflicts causing that the states situated there, including Vietnam, are modernising their armies.

21st Century international security South China Sea Vietnam

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Legal Regulation of Professional Activities of a Journalist in the Context of Crimes Against Journalists

  • Author: Ihor Mytrofanov
  • Institution: Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University
  • Author: Yevhenii Horlov
  • Institution: Cherepovets State University
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 79-91
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201905
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201905.pdf

The problem of legal regulation of professional activities of a journalist is relevant because the state and its law enforcement system, the state of law and order in the society as well as its moral values appear to the public as it is seen (or should be seen by their owners) by the mass media (hereinafter - the media). However, the real situation may differ significantly from how it is presented by the journalists. That is why their activity should be clearly regulated by law.

Journalist democratic state of law law enforcement media Ukraine legal practice

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Permanent Presence? USA in the Security Policy of the Republic of Poland

  • Author: Jarosław J. Piątek
  • Institution: Institute of Political Science and European Studies
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-3371
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 92-102
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201906
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201906.pdf

The consequence of systemic and political changes in Poland involved reorientation of Polish policy in terms of perceiving security. It was reflected in newly defined policy directions which expression involved a search for the new guarantees of security. The problem of ensuring state security in new geopolitical conditions is expressed in the adopted hierarchy of priorities of implementation of the Polish national interest. The exercise of the specified policy priorities means Poland’s obtaining a solid security basis. The Polish Army, the armed forces of the Republic of Poland, has become an element of NATO’s broad security system. The implementation of the policy in this regard by the Polish government has recently been more and more unidimensional. Only cooperation with the USA is at the target of the Polish security policy. Issues related to its costs remain outside its determinants. There is no reflection on being dependent on another egoistic player.

USA NATO Polish Army security policy political alliance

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The Duty to Care for the State of the Environment in Polish Constitutional Regulations

  • Author: Anna Hadała-Skóra
  • Institution: University of Rzeszow
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-5651
  • Author: Sabina Grabowska
  • Institution: University of Rzeszow
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-708X
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 103-121
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201907
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201907.pdf

According to the Polish constitutional tradition, regulations concerning the duties of man and citizen can be found in chapter II of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland devoted to the rights and freedoms of the Polish Constitution, specifically in Articles 82-86 inclusive. The Constitution devotes relatively little space to its duties, and the catalog indicated therein is not extensive. The purpose of articulating obligations in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland is primarily to emphasize the most important ones from the point of view of the state, society and individual. In each country, some constitutional obligations are addressed only to citizens, while others are imposed on all who are subject to the authority of a given country. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland also does so. Indicated in art. 86 the obligation to care for the state of the environment and responsibility for its deterioration is in the group of universal obligations in terms of subject, which are imposed on every person who is within the jurisdiction of the Republic of Poland. This study is an analysis of the concept of environment, care for the state of the environment and the provisions of the constitution on this subject.

Constitution environment duty citizen

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European Parliament Position on EU Cyber Security and Defense Policy

  • Author: Artur Staszczyk
  • Institution: University of Szczecin
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-8991
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 122-133
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201908
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201908.pdf

Ensuring cyber security in scope of cyber defense is currently among the top priorities of the EU Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). Matters included in scope of cyber defense are a competence of the Member States and cooperation at EU level in this area is governed by decisions of the EU Council based on unanimity. This means that the European Parliament (EP) in the field of cyber defens acts only as an opinion-forming body expressing its position through the adoption of non-legislative resolutions. The aim of the article is to analyze the content of these resolutions and present the EP’s opinion on the challenges facing the EU in the field of cyber defense. It should be stressed that the EP is the EU body that strongly emphasizes the need for a common EU approach to these issues. Given that the area of cyber defence is subject to intergovernmental cooperation mechanisms, the EP considers that the EU needs to develop not only cooperation and coordination mechanisms at the level of its institutions, but also to take action to enhance the EU’s capability to counter cyber threats. These significant cyber defense capabilities should be essential elements of the CSDP and of the development of the European Defense Union, as it is becoming increasingly difficult to counter cyber attacks for the Member State level alone. The role of the CSDP should be to ensure that the EU, in cooperation with NATO, has an autonomous strategic capability to act in the field of cyber defense.

European Parliament cyber security cyber defense European Union

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Some Methodological Reflections on the Efficiency of “Political and Military Decision Making” in a Hybrid Reality

  • Author: Benon Zbigniew Szałek
  • Institution: University of Szczecin
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-0885
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 134-148
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201909
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201909.pdf

The aim of this paper is to present some methodological reflections on hybrid activities (spaces, knowledge about spaces, comparison of spaces, dynamic spaces, coordination of hybrid activities, efficiency of “hybrid activities”).

politics military decision-making heuristics hybrid reality praxiology

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Maritime Issues and Security Implications for Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean Region

  • Author: Osantha Nayanapriya Thalpawila
  • Institution: University of Kelaniya
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 149-160
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201910
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201910.pdf

Sri Lanka (earlier Ceylon) inherited some maritime issues right from the time it got its independence in 1948. Although Sri Lanka and India drew up their maritime boundaries in accordance with two agreements made in 1974 and 1976, a number of issues have surfaced since then. The aim of this paper is to examine the maritime issues that Sri Lanka has been confronting in recent times. This article is based on secondary data. Maritime issues in the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar continue to be raised periodically by India in the post-civil war era. In fact, the Tamil Nadu state government’s political interest in Katchatheevu Island has even resulted in that matter being referred to the Indian Supreme Court for a decision. This is because the Tamil Nadu politicians have used this issue as their political strategy in order to win favor with the voters. Furthermore, illegal activities like Indian fishermen poaching in Sri Lankan waters, drug smuggling and human smuggling across the maritime border have rapidly increased in recent times. Consequently, a variety of social, economic, health-related and security-related problems have to be faced by Sri Lanka.

illegal poaching Katchatheevu maritime issue Palk Strait smuggling

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Definition and Typology of European Union Missions

  • Author: Luiza Wojnicz
  • Institution: University of Szczecin
  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-3984
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 161-176
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201911
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201911.pdf

In view of the contemporary challenges and threats, European Union’s efforts in the area of civil and military capacity building are extremely important. As an international organization having a high impact on third countries, the European Union plays a key role in conflict prevention and crisis response. In external governance EU has two sectoral policies at its disposal: the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The CFSP is responsible for resolving conflicts and fostering international understanding using diplomacy and giving respect for international rules. The CSDP is responsible for carrying out civilian and military missions as well as for diffusing rules, which affect, in various respects, the improvement of security management in third countries through their incorporation. By adopting today’s global approach, both military and civilian, to crisis management and continuing to strengthen its capacity for action and analytical tools, the European Union is becoming a major security vector at international level, and its Common Security and Defense Policy expeditionary missions are the tangible proof.

missions European Union security

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Thoughts on the Theoretical Problems in the Book of Xi Jinping , Zarządzanie Chinami I [The Governance of China I], Wydawnictwo (Publishing House) Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2019, pp. 572

  • Author: Zbigniew Wiktor
  • Institution: University of Wrocław (retired)
  • Author: (Jia) Wei Xiao
  • Institution: University of Wrocław
  • Year of publication: 2019
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 189-224
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/rop201914
  • PDF: rop/2019/rop201914.pdf

The article includes five parts:
1. Introduction – information about the book promotion event held in Warsaw on December 19, 2019 on the Polish edition of Xi Jinping’s Governance of China vol. I. The book launch was great not only because of the editing and the contents of the book, but also because it was a political, economic, cultural and international event, since the author is the number one politician not only in China but also in the contemporary world. The introduction includes information about the book content and demonstrates its importance for the theoretical generalizations and recognition of the main problems of contemporary China.
2. According to the authors of the paper, problems mentioned in the book are especially important. The original Chinese way of building socialism and the early stages of Chinese revolution were national, anti-feudal, anti-capitalist, democratic and socialist. Mao Zedong established class-based Maoism as a Marxism-Leninism in the Chinese version, while Deng Xiaoping and his successors established and developed the socialist market economy, which is the continuation of Maoism in the new era and they created the Chinese path to the anti-capitalist revolution and the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The perspective of the development of China till 2021 and 2049 (as a modern and developed socialism) and its influence on the national rejuvenation is not only Chinese but also an international issue.
3. Third part of the paper is devoted to the problems of building socialism in China, the analysis of the theory of Xi Jinping, the leading role of the CPC, the economic role of the owner and foreign capital in economy and policy, and the socio-economic contradictions in the contemporary PRC.
4. Forth part concerns Confucianism and Marxism as theoretical and practical problems in China; the original Chinese culture and civilization; the continuation and discontinuation of the historical development in contemporary epoch; the original development; the policy of opening- -up; the necessity of considering human contents of Confucianism in building and developing of socialism in China.
5. Fifth part of the paper is on the future status of the Communist Party of China’s Economy. Since the emergence of state-owned economy, it has played a huge role in the economic development of all countries. However, under the way of neoliberalism, state-owned economy has gradually been associated with backwardness and inefficiency. On the forum of state-owned economy enterprise reform in China, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave out important instructions. State-owned enterprises are an important force for strengthening the comprehensive power of the country and safeguarding the common interests of the people. State-owned enterprises must be made stronger, better and bigger. Academia has had a huge disagreement on this, and some scholars believe that this is an act of favoritism toward state-owned enterprises. This paper analyzes China’s state-owned economy from the perspective of total factor productivity (TFP), Marx’s historical materialism, national productivity, and social development, clarifying that state-owned economic reform is diff erent from the system of “profit based demands” rooted in the private economic market, but a system based on national productivity and the “needs” of the people. Making state-owned enterprises “stronger, better, and bigger” is in line with the historical development of socialism and material productivity, resolving doubts on the direction of state-owned economic reform.

marxism governance of China Chinese way building socialism Leninism Maoism scientific socialism transition period class struggle Confucianism class contradictions Deng Xiaoping theory socialist market economy Xi Jinping reform state-owned economic reform historical materialism productivity perspective

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