Spis treści
- Year of publication: 2016
- Source: Show
- Pages: 3-11
- DOI Address: -
- PDF: so/10/so10toc.pdf
The contribution to the analyse of the contradictions of contemporary China
The main thesis of article is the analyse of the Chinese contradictions on the characteristic and changes of contemporary epoch. PR China started at 2016 to 13. 5-year socio-economic plan in new “normal economy”. The Chinese GDP at 2020 should reach 80 bin yuan, it’s about 18,75 bin US dol. counted in purchase power of yuan. The slower economic growth and world financial crisis influenced on the social and political tensions in China and on the international area. Xi Jinping – leader of CPC declared at July 2016 in Beijing: “Marxism should be fundamental principle and guiding sign. Otherwise the Party can lose it soul and direction in the confrontation to the Chinese socio-economic development at 2016–2020.” Its demonstrated his deep anxiety with reference its future. Other questions of article are the influence of the socialist market economy on the socio-class structure of CPC, the changes of the class character of CPC, the main threats for China and perspective its development.
современная эпоха perspective Chinas development international and internal threats classes in China 13.5-year plan capitalism versus socialism contemporary epoch class contradictions socialist market economy
Ukrainian alphabet with Latin letters is convenient and easy communication tool using modern technologies. Transliteration of Ukrainian Cyrillic alphabet into Ukrainian alphabet with Latin letters
For the last 150 years there were several attempts to write down Ukrainian language with Latin alphabet, including the attempts of adopting several laws that took place after declaration of independence of Ukraine in 1991. But there were not practical and popularize. The main reason is that they haven’t kept the spirit of the Ukrainian language, some Cyrillic letter handed combination of several Latin letters and the same distorted sound (phonetics) of Ukrainian language. But the social processes that take place in Ukraine since the declaration of its independence, i.e. significant emigration of workers that counted in the millions, and also problems with communication with the families that stayed in Ukraine using modern computers and technologies which are equipped only with Latin keyboard without access to Cyrillic alphabet, call for a great need for a creation of the opportunity to use Latin alphabet to record the Ukrainian language, which would retain its nature and was easy to use. This article presents a new version of Latin alphabet for the Ukrainian language. It does not replace the Cyrillic alphabet – but a parallel alternative for it and for all other versions of the alphabet that are used to record the Ukrainian language. This alphabet I called “Ukrainka” in honor of Ukrainian ladies who represent the majority of our emigrants. “Ukrainka” is completely unified alphabet, without any disadvantages from their predecessors. The main idea is in replacing one letter of Cyrillic alphabet to exactly one Latin letter – a transliteration of 1:1, does not break and does not introduce any new rules in Ukrainian spelling and phonetics, thus saving the Ukrainian language. There are other advantages: – no change in letters, regardless of their position in the word; – the word written in the Cyrillic “Ukrainka” always looks the same (the same set of letters) and there are no several options to write the same word; – saved Ukrainian language peculiarity to soften the consonants – saved not only a soft sign but also an apostrophe as a dividing option for separating from certain sounds in the middle of a word; – for the letters Ж, Ч, Ш, it’s used letters that mean the same in other languages with the Latin alphabet, namely Ž, Č, Š, and for Є, Ю, Я, Щ picked up letters graphically similar as the above – Ě, Ŭ, Ă, Ş. The main element of this article is a table of characters, the description justifying their introduction and showing how to use in computers, as well as examples of different tests transliteration.
украинский язык transliteracja problemy z komunikacją emigracja zarobkowa alfabet łaciński cyrylica język ukraiński transliteration “Ukrainka” problems with communication emigration of workers Latin alphabet Cyrillic alphabet Ukrainian language
Uprising of 1916: In the problems of historiography and source studies
The article is about first attempt of a full historiographical representation of the problem of the 1916 uprising.
Seven Rivers the revolt a decree Ju. Abdurachmanowa T. Ryskulov G. Bride А. Kerensky Tokmak siedem rzek urkun powstanie dekret Chiny China
The external and internal geopolitical prerequisites of revolt of 1916
In is article the authors consider geopolitical situation which developed at the time of revolt of 1916 in Central Asia, raising questions of collision of political interests of the Russian and British empires.
revolt of 1916 Turkiestan powstanie z 1916 roku Russian Empire Kirgistan British Empire Imperium Brytyjskie geopolityka Imperium Rosyjskie Kyrgyzstan Turkestan geopolitics
The role of foreign factor in the tragic events of 1916
In the early periods of the twentieth century a number of nations have strengthened the struggle for the redistribution of their states and to push out Russia from Central Asia, all this was used as a means by the organization of the uprising of the Muslim population.
Turkish protectorate Chinese anarchists German agents uprising in 1916 turecki protektorat chińscy anarchiści niemieccy agenci opium Dungan powstanie z 1916 roku Rosja Russia
Intermediate population census of 1916 (Between two censuses: The first all-Russian 1897 and the first all-union 1926)
The Author presents a review and correlations of data on the population of the Kyrgyz ethnos based on the population censuses in 1897, 1916, 1926.
kyrgyz ethnos population size demographic censuses etnos kirgiski wielkość populacji spisy demograficzne
In the revolts epicentre
The Author presents the main reasons for the revolt of 1916 and the different points of view on these events.
epicenter przyczyny epicentrum powstanie victims ofiary reasons Policy polityka revolt
The revolt of 1916 in the assessment of the first national leaders of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan of the 1920–1930s
In the article the assessment of the reasons and nature of revolt of 1916 by the first national leaders of Turkistan T. Ryskulov, Yu. Abdrakhmanov and B. Isakeev are given in the aspect of historiography.
Kyrgyz Kazakhs colonial policy B. Isakeev Yu. Abdrakhmanov Kirgizi Kazachowie polityka kolonialna T. Ryskulov powstanie emigranci immigrants revolt
The national question and the lessons of the 1916 uprising in Kyrgyzstan
Actions of the Soviet authorities to assist participants in the 1916 revolt in Kyrgyzstan in the framework of the implementation of the Leninist national policy are considered in the article.
V. Lenin Kyrgyz refugees the revolt in 1916 the national question the colonial policy of tsarism W. Lenin władza radziecka kirgiscy uchodźcy bunt w 1916 roku kwestia narodowa polityka kolonialna caratu Turkiestan Soviet power Turkestan
Revolt of 1916 in Kyrgyzstan through a prism of periodicals of 1991
A brief review of publications devoted to the 75 anniversary of revolt of 1916 in Kyrgyzstan is provided.
powstanie 1916 rok Kirgistan publikacje revolt of 1916 Kyrgyzstan publications
Report from International Conference “Region – Community – Citizen. The Functioning of Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe”, International Centre of East European Research, Łódź, October 27–28, 2016
Report from the “Nowa Polityka Wschodnia” Seminar “Transformations in Central Asia”, Toruń, December 7, 2016
Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh in the processes of social and political transformation, ed. Rafał Czachor
Artykuł dotyczy udziału Rosji w nowej fazie konfliktu syryjskiego. USA i Federacja Rosyjska doszły do porozumienia w kwestii powstrzymania wymiany ognia między wojującymi siłami rządu i „umiarkowanej” opozycji w Syrii, począwszy od godziny 12.00 czasu damasceńskiego dnia 26 lutego 2016 r. To porozumienie zapoczątkowało nową rundę rozmów w ramach procesu genewskiego, które z przerwami pozostają w toku do dnia dzisiejszego. Autor zajmuje się zaangażowaniem rosyjskim w wymienionej wojnie. Wraca też do wcześniejszych etapów obecności rosyjskiej w Syrii, a także do tła rosyjskiej polityki bliskowschodniej i międzynarodowej w okresie przywództwa Putina.
война в Сирии rosyjska polityka bliskowschodnia proces genewski wojna syryjska Rosja USA
The role of Pan-Turkism in Russian-Turkish relations
The term Pan-Turkism refers to an intellectual and political movement advocating the union of all Turkic people. Pan-Turkism emerged among Tatars intellectuals in Tsarist Russia. In Tsarist Russia Pan-Turkism was in a part response to the development Pan-Slavism. At the beginning of twenty-first century Pan-Turkism became popular among the members of Committee of Union and Progress in the Ottoman Empire. After the Young Turks Revolution Pan-Turkism become a main political idea in the Ottoman state. The rise of a PAN-TURKISM as political movement is a phenomenon of the 19th and the 20th century. In this article author argues that the Pan-Turkism ideology still can be used by contemporary Turkey authority against Russia. Calling for a political unity and solidarity among Turkic groups can be a serious threat for Russian authority. The collapse of Soviet Union and the emergence of new Turkish states gave fresh hope many Pan-Turkists in Turkey, Caucasus and Central Asia. The annexation of Crimea, war in Syria and shooting down Russian aircraft by the Turkish army made hostile the Turkish-Russian relations.
Turkish youth movement in Turkey, 1968–1971
Turkey has the honor of being the first modern, secular state in a predominantly Muslim Middle East. From 1968–1971, the Turkish armed forces played a critical role in the political formation of modern Turkey, contributing to a watershed moment in Turkish history as the country’s youth began to split between the ideological left and the right. The country was in a state of chaos as of January 1971. Turkish universities closed their doors and students formed groups of urban guerrillas, robbing banks and targeting Americans for kidnappings. “Young Turks” as they were known, grew dramatically in strength, registering the most strikes between January 1 and March 12, 1971. Consequently, a Turkish military intervention came as no surprise to most people in the country at that time. This article analyzes the Republic of Turkey’s leftist youth movement from 1968 to 1971.
Problems and ways of optimization of the intellectual migratory transformations
The article describes the role and influence of intellectual migration in the socio-economic development of the Kyrgyz Republic.
population intellectual migration migracja intelektualna labor rynek pracy reform praca reforma ludność labor market
“Gerlach & Pulst” plant in Ukraine (1915–1925 yrs.): Polish trace in the history of Ukrainian machine-tool industry
Describes the history of the plant “Gerlach & Pulst” in Ukraine since its evacuation in Kharkiv (1915) until the final liquidation of the enterprise as a machine-tool in 1925. Analyzes the work of the plant in contexts: existing social and political situation, the current status of the machine tool industry and the domestic industry as a whole. Establishes the production organization concept and the role of “Gerlach & Pulst” in the formation of Ukrainian machine-tool. Confirms leading position of the plant in global machine-tool industry in the early 20th century. Determines that the major source of the company success in Ukraine was a highly qualified staff of the workers and employees who had evacuated from Poland. Lack of adequate labor force in the region led to the fact that after the homecoming of the Polish contingent there was no one to effectively use the available production capacity, and the factory as a machine-tool company lost its importance and was disbanded. Nevertheless, with the growth of regional scientific and technical knowledge, the organizational principles and production technology introduced by “Gerlach & Pulst” workers in Ukraine were developed in the newly organized local machine-tool plants.
Ukrainian industry Kharkov “Gerlach & Pulst” factory rozwój przemysłowy przemysł ukraiński Charków 1915–1925 fabryka „Gerlach i Pulst” industrial development
Strengthening links of the Mongol Empire in the 12th and 13th centuries
This article constitutes an attempt to indicate main determinants that shaped Mongolian statehood during reigns of Genghis Khan and the most important war campaigns that he organized, as well as the most important achievements from the point of view of the civilization. There can be noticed changes in the social system and abandonment of social family-tribal based relations for the benefit of developing a country with a centralized system of authority, hierarchized system of social relations. A significant meaning in the development of the Mongolian country institution is sought in setting its organizational foundations on the military model and efficient administration of the central and local levels. Furthermore, it is noticed that the important factors for creating the country were tolerance and openness to influences of various religions and systematizing tax, trade and financial transactions rules, as well as adaptation and promotion of writing.
монголы shamanism legal code military-administrative unit Temujin Mongols empire Genghis Khan
20 years to researches of the sunken monuments. Issyk-Kul complex expedition of KRSU (new opening and problems)
The stages are considered and results of twenty years’ forwarding works of KRSU are analyzed.
the antique city of Chigu Sako-usunsky culture the sunk archaeological monuments natural disasters antyczne miasto Chigu zatopione stanowiska archeologiczne katastrofy naturalne Issyk-Kul
Relation between politics economy and science in China. Report from the International Scientific Conference on Marxism and socialism in the 21st century, Wuhan, November 21–22, 2015
“Systems of human rights protection – European and African”, International Scientific Conference, Warsaw, April 18–19, 2016
Jerzy Zdanowski, A state in the Muslim Middle East. The genesis processes and the factors of duration
© 2017 Adam Marszałek Publishing House. All rights reserved.
Projekt i wykonanie Pollyart