SPIS TREŚCI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WSTĘP

INTRODUCTION

Representation of the borderline between heaven and earth on selected images of European art

In order to understand the images of the borderline between heaven and earth in the cycle of the days of creation, as well as its role in the Christian medieval and renessaince culture, one shall analyse first the images in illuminated manusripts. There are nearly three hundreds of images in the illuminated manuscripts which represent this subject. Author of the article tries to find analogies in the Bible and other textual sources for some particulars showed on the images. The day „one” and the second day of creation play essential role in describing what does mean the division between heaven and earth, light and darkness. The specific shape, colours and biblical context allows to differentiate two perspectives. In general, the borderline between heaven and earth is the problem of the limits of two different natures, mind and body.

The notion of brightness (Heb. nogah) in the Hasidic Biblical interpretation (Karlin-Stolin tradition) and its literary sources

The scope of the present study is to trace the meaning of the Hebrew term nogah „brightness”, “bright light” in the Hasidic commentary to the Book of Genesis. As a starting point we assume the work of Aharon ben Asher of Karlin, Beth Aharon. It turns out that in the center of the Creations stands the light of brightness. On the one hand, it is hidden in the middle of the darkness, i.e. non-existence interwoven into this world. On the other hand, we learn that the shells of the brightness must fall down to let the light of Creation shine. This rather complex bulk of ideas may be untied when literary sources that may shed a light on this motive are found. As in many cases the roots of the Hasidic ideas may be traced back to the Kabbalistic literature; therefore, we quote the Zoharistic interpretation of the “brightness” nogah motive, especially in Ezekiel 1: 4. Further, the interpretation of the aforementioned motive in the Lurianic Kabbalah – represented by the “Three of Life” of Haim Vital – is focused on. Finally, the same motive elaborated by the prolific Hasidic leader, Shneur Zalman of Liady will be discussed on the basis of his most popular work, Liqqute amarim Tanya.

The limits of knowing the evolution of man

Contrary to popular belief, the possibility of learning about the evolution of man, which in the face of developing genetics seems to be limitless, is clearly limited both by the degree of preservation of the paleoanthropic material, the specificity of the evolution of our species, and finally by the accepted paradigms of research. Better, though incomplete, getting to know the history of our species is possible only by modeling biocultural evolution.

Common sense versus reality

We are frequently misguided by our intuition (common sense) in judging if something is possible or not. Both in technology (it is hard to predict what happens) and in very fundamental questions related to fabric of reality. Sometimes, we reject some information only because our common sense says that it is impossible, but common sense can be wrong. This text shows evidence of such wrong judgments of common sense.

Just numbers. Notes about the Nature of a Digital World

Only digits really exist in the digital world as only matter exists in a material world. In the first one, all physical things are pure abstraction, similarly as all numbers in the second one. Digits are the only substance of the digital worlds. This hi-tech Pythagoreanism leads to a very serious consequences, not only for philosophy, but also for practice. Various concepts and rules, evident here, in the digital world may not work at all, or work improperly, and guide us to absurds when used mindlessly.

European Civilization – Constitutive Sources Complex of Identity

European civilization identity contains references to natural sources (the article describes the theory of human mitochondrial DNA and the seven mothers of the population of the present-day Europe) and symbolic sources (Greek philosophy, Roman law, Judeo- -Christian tradition, the cultural heritage of barbarian tribes, the thoughts of the Enlightenment). You can see the outline of the directions in which a European symbolic sphere transformation will take place. Traditional philosophical systems have started to be taken over by postmodernism, recentivism and New Age philosophy. Christianity is being replaced by religious indifference, beliefs of religious sects and Neo-pagan religions. The low fertility rate of the indigenous population of Europe is contrasted with the demographic expansion of Muslim immigrants.

Poland and the West. THE DIARY by Witold Gombrowicz

For generations the basic problem of the Polish culture has been the issue concerning the answer to the question about the relation: Poland and the West. The two opposing standpoints have been established. According to the first one, Poland perceived as the gentry culture, compared to the modern West differs in a positive way. According to the second one – just the opposite – in a negative way. W. Gombrowicz in the Diary presented the third point of view. According to him the civilizational backwardness of Poland as compared with the modern Europe which has lost its “humanity” poses a chance. One should make the most of this opportunity.

Possible "impossible" in the Russian picture of the world

Presented in the paper are specific features of the use of the construction "impossible is possible" based on the data from various Russian language dictionaries and National Russian Corpus. It is defined what can be called impossible, and which conditions enable impossible to become possible in the Russian native speaker's world representation.

The problem of determination of cognitive and semiotic functions: notion – concept, sign – simulacrum

The paper focuses on logical relations between the terms concept and notion as well as sign and simulacrum in an anthropocentric conception of cognitive and language worldpictures. The author sets apart the first two terms on the basis of semantics and pragmatics considering notion as a semantic information unit and concept – as a cultural-pragmatic unit. The author suggests that the terms sign and simulacrum should be distinguished the same way: sign is every function that aims to semiotize a notion, whereas simulacrum is a sign, the pragmatics of which is of mythmakingcharacter, i.e. aims to create a simulation of verity of information during communication.

Emotionality in communicative precedent statements

This article is an attempt to dicuss about emotion in the precedent satements. The author makes an attempt to analyze the current definition and presents its own definition of precedent satements. Author also tried to make division of precedent statements into connotative and communicative. As part of the communication of precedent statements proposes: connotative, volitional and emotional precedent statements and attempts to analyze the last of the groups.

Hypnosis – the possible and the impossible – definition issue

The aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of the term hypnosis and to provide an overview of it’s evolution. The other goal is to typologize so called hypnotic theories and summarize them. The specific focus of this paper concerns the origins of the term hypnosis and few other words which begins with the „hypn-” prefix. The typologization of the terms and theories allows to propose a new definition based on the synthesis of all analyzed types. Moreover the paper provides precise analyze of the modern metahypnotic discurse.

Historia literatury światowej w kontekście profesjonalnego szkolenia przyszłych żurnalistów. Dyskurs społeczno-komunikacyjny procesu literackiego

Szkolenie dziennikarzy ukraińskich szkół wyższych jest tradycyjnie oparte o ramy filologiczne. Większość dziennikarzy pracujących we współczesnych mediach nie potrzebuje specjalistycznej wiedzy fachowej.
Autor proponuje projekt modernizacji nauki historii literatury światowej dla przyszłych dziennikarzy. Z historycznego punktu widzenia proces literacki był zawsze realizowany wraz z działaniami na polu komunikacji społecznej. Większość pisarzy była dziennikarzami, a wiele dzieł literackich miało wielki wpływ na kształtowanie powszechnej świadomości.
Nowoczesne metody nauczania w szkołach wyższych umożliwiają zarysowanie przedmiotu w kontakcie z docelową grupą odbiorców. Historię literatury światowej dla dziennikarzy można przedstawiać z perspektywy dyskursu społecznego, komunikacyjnego, wreszcie dziennikarskiego.

Bernard Žár: the posibilities of contrast

Petr Bezruč divided his poem Bernard Žár into two parts. He also composed it on the principle of contrast, mainly on the contrast between mother and son and the use of German and Czech. He applied the pastiche technique. The composition of the poem lies on semantics of consonants z and on a refrain.

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