2014

Themis Polska Nova (7)

  • Author: Jacek Sobczak – redaktor naczelny
  • Institution: Uniwersytet SWPS
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 236
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2
  • PDF: tpn/Themis2014_7.pdf

Spis treści

  • Witold Wołodkiewicz Wolność do religii czy wolność od religii (strona 5)
  • Agnieszka Góra-Błaszczykowska Wszczęcie procesu cywilnego przez prokuratora (kilka uwag de lege ferenda i de lege lata) (strona 14)
  • Jacek Sobczak Ograniczenie zasady działania sądu z urzędu i jego wpływ na wyrokowanie (strona 27)
  • Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jętkiewicz Status prawny agencji reklamowej w ustawodawstwie polskim (strona 44)
  • Tomasz Strugalski Studium przypadku odpowiedzialności z art. 430 k.c. za wypadek w sporcie (strona 64)
  • Vytautas Dumbliauskas, Adas Jakubauskas Relacje między politykami a biurokratami: W. Wilson, M. Weber, J. Schumpeter (strona 80)
  • Bartosz Hordecki Główne idee narodnictwa i anarchizmu rosyjskiego w kontekście przekształceń oficjalnej ideologii carskiej doby pomikołajowskiej (strona 100)
  • Maria Gołda-Sobczak Regionalizacja w Europie. Idea, granice normatywne i ich realizacja (strona 127)
  • Inga Oleksiuk Konkurencja a ochrona autorskich dóbr intelektualnych w Unii Europejskiej. Wybrane zagadnienia na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości (strona 146)
  • Agnieszka Łąpieś-Rosińska Dochodzenie roszczeń związanych ze szkodą wyrządzoną wadliwą decyzją administracyjną (strona 163)
  • Agata Kleczkowska The scope of the prohibition of the use of chemical weapons in international public law (strona 180)
  • Monika Osmańska Wykorzystywanie utworów w dydaktyce w świetle ochrony autorskoprawnej. Dozwolony użytek i otwarte zasoby edukacyjne (strona 190)
  • Marek Michał Wikiński, Natalia Niedzińska Pojęcie bezczynności organu a przewlekłości organu – analiza prawna (strona 224)

Themis Polska Nova (6)

  • Author: Jacek Sobczak – redaktor naczelny
  • Institution: Uniwersytet SWPS
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 312
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1
  • PDF: tpn/Themis2014_6.pdf

Spis treści

  • Bogdan Grzeloński Dyplomacja bez jutra. Stosunki Warszawa–Waszyngton w świetle Dariusza Jana Szembeka 1937–1939 (strona 7)
  • Bronisław Sitek Utilitas publica z perspektywy prawa rzymskiego i polskiego (strona 21)
  • Ewa Ferenc-Szydełko Wystawa jako przedmiot prawa autorskiego (strona 36)
  • Ryszard Chruściak Prace parlamentarne nad Ustawą z dnia 6 stycznia 2005 r. o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym (strona 47)
  • Jacek Sobczak „Przepisy techniczne” w systemie prawa polskiego (strona 71)
  • Dorota Sokołowska Notariusz jako wspólnik spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (strona 92)
  • Adas Jakubauskas Prasa litewska o traktacie polsko-litewskim w przededniu jego podpisania (strona 116)
  • Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz Programy wyspecjalizowane jako zadanie w realizacji misji publicznej nadawcy publicznego (strona 124)
  • Lech Jaworski Zakaz cenzury prewencyjnej w świetle zasady wolności słowa (strona 143)
  • Dariusz Jagiełło Wartość dowodowa oraz możliwość przesłuchania osób starszych, chorych i zaburzonych psychicznie (strona 165)
  • Maria Gołda-Sobczak Kultura polityczna a możliwość odmowy publikacji w prasie reklam i prywatnych ogłoszeń (strona 174)
  • Bartłomiej H. Toszek Pełzająca dewolucja. Problem uznania statusu prawnego mniejszości kornwalijskiej w Wielkiej Brytanii na początku XXI w. (strona 186)
  • Ryszarda Stasiak Podstawy prawne działania radia, telewizji i innych technicznych nośników przekazu w Szwecji (strona 201)
  • Anna Stasiak-Apelska System repartycji w Polsce (strona 217)
  • Ewelina Bachera, Bartosz Smółka Instytucja sądu polubownego – konkurent czy też forma pomocy dla sądownictwa powszechnego? (strona 241)
  • Jarosław Szatkowski Wszczęcie postępowania podatkowego – istota i charakter prawny (strona 256)
  • Elżbieta Delert [...] Creative Commons (CC) (strona 280)
  • Tomasz Czapiewski Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej „Terminal LNG w Świnoujściu a bezpieczeństwo energetyczne regionu i Polski” Szczecin, 13–14 listopada 2013 r. (strona 306)
  • Wojnicz-Smal Recenzja czasopisma naukowego: „Reality of Politics” (strona 311)

Spis Treści

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-4
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN20142toc.pdf

Wolność do religii czy wolność od religii

  • Author: Witold Wołodkiewicz
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 5-13
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.01
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014201.pdf

The paper discusses the attitude of the Roman Empire towards Christianity during the period of Principate and Dominate, as a side theme to the debate on religious liberty launched at the time of the Vatican Council II. It analyzes the approach of emperors to religious views in the Theodosian and Justinianic Codes. It also touches upon the relations between the State and the Church in the present situation of the III Polish Republic.

Religious liberty Roman law Caesaropapism

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Wszczęcie procesu cywilnego przez prokuratora (kilka uwag de lege ferenda i de lege lata)

  • Author: Agnieszka Góra-Błaszczykowska
  • Institution: SWPS
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 14-26
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.02
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014202.pdf

The article discusses a prosecutor’s position in the Polish civil proceedings in relation to the form of its participation in civil cases. Prosecutor’s possibilities to participate in the civil procedure depend on whether or not he brought a court action or he joined proceedings already pending. The article focuses on the problem wheather prosecutor’s right to bring the action before the civil court should be considered as proper solution during the amendment processs of the Polish civil procedure code.

prosecutor civil proceedings claim action prosecutor in civil proceeding participation in civil proceeding civil proceeding’ parties

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Ograniczenie zasady działania sądu z urzędu i jego wpływ na wyrokowanie

  • Author: Jacek Sobczak
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 27-43
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.03
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014203.pdf

The adversarial principle is merely the name of a specific type of organizing process, not a specific Directive of criminal proceedings. The adversarial principle is uniformly recognized as non-codified directive, according to which the criminal process is conducted in the form of equal sides dispute before the impartial court. The adversarial principle in criminal proceedings is something other than adversarial in civil proceedings. The adversarial principle was exposed in the course of work on the revision of the Code of criminal proceedings. The creators of the reform emphasized that Article 167 § 1 of the Code of criminal proceedings differently than it did before, sets out the rules of proof, giving this task in the hands of the parties, leaving only the court admissibility of evidence, and reducing the possibility of taking evidence by the court to exceptional cases justified special circumstances. The creators of the reform emphasized that Article 167 § 1 of the Code of criminal proceedings differently than it did before, sets out the rules of taking of evidence, giving this process to the parties, leaving only the admissibility of evidence to the court, and reducing the possibility of taking evidence by the court to exceptional cases justified by special circumstances. Will be changed the rules for transfer of the court materials from preliminary proceedings. Another important issue is the systematization of the list of evidence, in accordance with the modified Article 333 § 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and solutions for planning of court hearings. May cause discussions restriction the possibility of taking the initiative of the evidence by the court. The changes enforce proactive stance of the accused, even though he should be able to take advantage of the „right to silence”. Militate against the principle of adversarial problems brought to light on the background of the appeal proceedings. You can express its concern that the adversarial principle in the present approach will detrimental to the presumption of innocence, leading to a model of „proceedings for the rich”. These changes will force to remodel the psyche of judges who feel guilty persons determining cases of dispute run by the parties, not the players involved who have the task of replacing the prosecutor.

adversarial principle criminal proceedings reform of the criminal process court prosecutor rules of evidence

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Status prawny agencji reklamowej w ustawodawstwie polskim

  • Author: Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jętkiewicz
  • Institution: Akademia Obrony Narodowej
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 44-63
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.04
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014204.pdf

The remit of public service broadcasting includes the obligation of universal programming, which covers all kinds of programmes such as culture, news, entertainment and sport. Several European Union documents stress the special role of Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) in society and acknowledge a far-reaching autonomy of Member States to define and finance their national system of public service broadcasting. All European countries have defined remits for their public service broadcasters. The definition of the mission of PSB in Poland is only related to the activity of the public radio and television. Also the way PSB gives account for its programme activities, and the control of the way PSB fulfils its remit. Theme channels are part of the remit of public service broadcasting. These channels are considered as important and almost self-evident activities of PSB. Nevertheless there is a need for such provisions to define the mission of PSB in Poland. This is necessary to further specify the criteria used to determine whether a service of theme channels which are transmitted by the public television is of an economic or a non-economic nature. This is the most important because of the requirements of state financing of public service broadcasters. These transparency requirements are internal accounts corresponding to different activities – public service and non-public service activities must be separated.

public service broadcasting theme channels the mission of PSB The State aid The State financing of public service broadcasters public services non-public service

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Studium przypadku odpowiedzialności z art. 430 k.c. za wypadek w sporcie

  • Author: Tomasz Strugalski
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 64-79
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.05
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014205.pdf

The article contains case study of vicarious liability of the trainer’s employer, for personal injury of the sportsman, occurred during the training. The article contains four never published before judgements – two criminal and two civil – in the case, and the analyze of method used by the Court to apply the law. In this way the article is a step to understanding polish civil law in action.

Vicarious liability personal injury tors sport and physical recreation case study

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Relacje między politykami a biurokratami: W. Wilson, M. Weber, J. Schumpeter

  • Author: Vytautas Dumbliauskas
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Michała Römera (Wilno, Litwa)
  • Author: Adas Jakubauskas
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Michała Römera (Wilno, Litwa)
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 80-99
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.06
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014206.pdf

A. Farazmand identifies three approaches towards relationship between politicians and bureaucrats in contemporary academic discussion. The first approach holds the idea of total control of bureaucracy by elected politicians. The second approach rejects dichotomy of politics-administration, and speaks for the twofold role of bureaucracy, both political and administrative. The third approach treats the high level bureaucrats as possessing certain autonomy vis-ą-vis politicians. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that already the early researchers of relationship between politicians and bureaucrats provided different explanation of their roles. In order to ensure effectiveness of public administration, W. Wilson separated administration and politics. M. Weber showed the dark side of administrative effectiveness – bureaucratization of public life, which can be controlled only by charismatic political leadership. J. Schumpeter pointed to the negative side of competition among such charismatic leaders, that is, decrease of administrative effectiveness. Therefore, he claimed that democratic government has to rely upon professional bureaucracy, which is sufficiently strong and independent.The article proposes a twofold explanation of these divergent approaches. First, it can be explained by variety of parliamentary systems, which is determined by differing executive-legislative linkage. On of the extreme cases of such linkage is premiership of cabinet system, where the executive power dominates vis-ą-vis parliament. Such case could explain the approach (by M. Weber), according to which charismatic political leaders, who proved their capabilities during the party competition, could and should rule the systems of bureaucratic administration. Another extreme case – the French type assembly government – could explain the approach (by J. Schumpeter) that bureaucracy should be strong and independent, which could advice or even prescribe politicians, engaged into competition, which forces to care not about the effectiveness of state administration but the political value of administrative decisions. Second, the explanation of different approaches concerning the role of politicians and bureaucrats may by related to the fact that societies seek to have both politically responsive and professionally responsible bureaucracy. The aim of politically responsive bureaucracy rests on the understanding of the importance of political leadership in liberal democracies and its relationship with the state bureaucracy. This aim is expressed by M. Weber. Another aim comes from the understanding that implementation of public policy, formulated by politicians, depends on the professionalism of bureaucracy and its responsibility. This aim is articulated by J. Schumpeter.

W. Wilson M. Weber J. Schumpeter politicians bureaucracy relationship between politicians and bureaucrats

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Główne idee narodnictwa i anarchizmu rosyjskiego w kontekście przekształceń oficjalnej ideologii carskiej doby pomikołajowskiej

  • Author: Bartosz Hordecki
  • Institution: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 100-126
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.07
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014207.pdf

The main aim of the text is to characterize in general terms thought of the 19th century Russian narodniks and anarchists. Their concepts are presented as an important ideological propositions, included into broad system of Russian political and legal opinions. These were the answer for the decomposition of the official tsarist ideology. One of the signs of this process was the sharp discussion among the ideologues of the Romanov’s court about the hierarchy of elements in the famous slogan “Православие, Самодержавие, Народность” (“Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality”).

the narodniks Russian anarchism Russian socio-political thought in 19th century the official tsarist ideology “Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality”

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Regionalizacja w Europie. Idea, granice normatywne i ich realizacja

  • Author: Maria Gołda-Sobczak
  • Institution: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 127-145
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.08
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014208.pdf

The notion of region is particularly vague, as this issue is referred to by studies from various disciplines. It has long been one of the subjects of interest of the Council of Europe which perceives local and regional administration as one of the fundamental ingredients of modern European democracy. The European Charter of Local Self- -Government is the main document that regulates these matters in the Council of Europe law system. It is accompanied by a number of other documents, including The European Charter of Regional Self-Government. The article provides an analysis of these normative deeds within the realm of Union law. When the Single European Act entered into force, regions have become an important part of Union policy. Committee of the Regions set up in 1994, whose operation is related to the principle of subsidiarity and programming of the idea of the Europe of Regions, is the most important body concerned with regional issues.

European Charter of Regional Self-Government European Charter of Local Self-Government regional co-operation Regionalisation region Council of Europe European Union

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Konkurencja a ochrona autorskich dóbr intelektualnych w Unii Europejskiej Wybrane zagadnienia na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości

  • Author: Inga Oleksiuk
  • Institution: Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Zarządzania w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 146-162
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.09
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014209.pdf

The subject of this article is a critical evaluation of application of competition law to the undertakings active on the copyright market. The study focuses on the conduct of the collecting organizations of copyright. Its aim is to present new aspects and methods that need to be considered in analyzing the market position of national collecting organizations. The clarification of the main problem is preceded by examination of the notion of dominant position as defined in Polish antimonopoly law. Next, the article address the implications of cross-border online copyright trade on the evaluation of the market position of national collecting societies. Further considerations argue for an integrative approach that give attention to the dynamic factors of competition and highlights public interest issues.. In this regard the claim is that the development of competition on the copyright market has to sustain the objectives of intellectual property regulations. The author point out that ratio legis of copyright law is anchored in the Constitution, that determine the need for balancing the individual and public interest in respect to the creative activity.

creativity copyright internet Market Position Dominant Position competition

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Dochodzenie roszczeń związanych ze szkodą wyrządzoną wadliwą decyzją administracyjną

  • Author: Agnieszka Łąpieś-Rosińska
  • Institution: Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 163-179
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.10
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014210.pdf

The issue of pursuance of claims connected with damage inflicted by defective administrative decision was regulated by section 160 of the Administrative Procedure Code (APC) until 1 September 2004. The section was the basis for pursuance of claim in connection with ascertaining invalidity of administrative decision or a decision issued with breach of the law. However, since 1 September 2004, i.e. after the amendment of the Civil Procedure Code(CPC) came into force, the basis for liability for damage caused by final administrative decision issued before 1 September 2004 – even if its invalidity or issuing with breach of law were established after that date – constitutes section 160 of the APC - but only in the aspect of determining the wrongful act or premisses of responsibility (clauses 1–3) and also prescription of claim (clause 6). It is not applicable to the procedure (mode) of pursuance of claim (clause 4&5). In the present law, regardless of the date of issue of decision, the appropriate and only way of pursuance of claim is a lawsuit in court. This means that the administrative mode has been excluded, regardless of the basis of responsibility arising from section 160 of the APC or section 417(clause 2) of the CPC. The range of responsibility for defective decision issued before 1 Sept 2004 has also been differentiated, since the party claiming damage can demand compensation for sustained losses and lost benefits on the basis of section 160 of the APC – if the damage was caused between 17 Oct 1997 and 31 Aug 2004. If the damage was caused before 17 Oct 1997, the party can only demand compensation for sustained losses.

financial decisions damage compensation compensation claims process claims expiration

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The scope of the prohibition of the use of chemical weapons in international public law

  • Author: Agata Kleczkowska
  • Institution: PAN
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 180-189
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.11
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014211.pdf

The goal of the article is to examine if in international public law there is the prohibition of the use of chemical weapons during internal armed conflicts. The first part of the article deals with the previous regulations on the chemical weapons. Secondly, the Chemical Weapons Convention is discussed in relation to the scope of the prohibition. Then, the UN Security Council Resolution 2118 upon the Syrian conflict should be analyzed. Finally, the scope of the prohibition is related to the terms ‘war’ and ‘armed conflict’. The conclusions drawn from the abovementioned analyses depict that there is the strong need for an extension of the existing prohibition; however, no legal act has established it for now.

chemical weapons armed conflict Chemical Weapons Convention international public law weapons of massive destruction

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Wykorzystywanie utworów w dydaktyce w świetle ochrony autorskoprawnej. Dozwolony użytek i otwarte zasoby edukacyjne

  • Author: Monika Osmańska
  • Institution: SPWS w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 190-223
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.12
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014212.pdf

Fair use allows to certain limited uses of copyrighted work without permission from the author or right holder. As a limitation and exception to the exclusive right of the author of a creative work fair use is permitted for educational purposes in the Polish law and is covered by the Polish copyright law articles. In view of high importance of education fair use for educational purposes seems to be wholly justified. The paper presents the issue of possible use of copyrighted works in teaching process which comes from the Polish Act on Copyright and Related Rights. It analyses whether the provisions are adequate in the face of the development of digital and web-based information technology. Some amendments to the Polish copyright law are proposed. Another issue discussed in the paper is whether and to what extend so-called Open Educational Resources (OER – freely accessible, openly licensed documents and media that are useful for teaching, learning etc.) can present a real alternative to fair use.

copyright law fair use for educational purposes amendment to the Copyright Law the Creative Commons licenses Open Educational Resources (OER)

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Pojęcie bezczynności organu a przewlekłości organu – analiza prawna

  • Author: Marek Michał Wikiński
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Humanistycznego w Radomiu
  • Author: Natalia Niedzińska
  • Institution: Członek Okręgowej Izby Radców Prawnych w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 224-236
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.2.13
  • PDF: tpn/7/TPN2014213.pdf

The aim of the work is to indicate the difference between inactivity and chronicity between administrative proceedings. In the article the authors indicate that it is necessary to distinguish two remedies, which are the complaint about chronic conduct of administrative proceedings and complaint about inactivity of administrative authorities. Spectrum of both complaints is mutually exclusive which in the authors opinion states that the courts are not authorized to assess chronicity of the inactivity complaint.

Inactivity chronicity administrative procedure deliberately failure to meet deadline slowness of authority law in proceedings in administrative courts

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Spis Treści

  • Author: The Editors
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 3-5
  • DOI Address: -
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN20141toc.pdf

Dyplomacja bez jutra. Stosunki Warszawa–Waszyngton w świetle Dariusza Jana Szembeka 1937–1939

  • Author: Bogdan Grzeloński
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 7-20
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.01
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014101.pdf

The author of this article has analyzed the diaries of Jan Szembek, Polands Deputy Foreign Minister and the 1937–1939 reports from Warsaws of the U.S Ambassador to Poland, A.J.Drexel-Biddle. Basing on this material, the author concludes that the Polish–U.S. relations in that period were rather shallow, and were mostly restricted to Warsaws informing Washington about the growing military threat posed by nazi Germany. This state of things stemmed from the fact that, consistent with principle of isolationism, Franklin D.Roosevelt and the State Department were not ready, prior to 1939, to pledge any support for Europe, and for East-Central Europe in particular.

influence of American isolationism on Polish diplomacy Polish–U.S diplomatic relations

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Utilitas publica z perspektywy prawa rzymskiego i polskiego

  • Author: Bronisław Sitek
  • Institution: SWPS w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 21-35
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.02
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014102.pdf

The concept of „public utility”, used in contemporary language of the law and juridical language, was also used in Roman law as utilitas publica. This concept allows to separate the public sphere from the private sector. However, the boundary between sphere of public sphere and private sector have not always been blurred since ancient times. In ancient Rome, the boundary between what was public and what was private was changing and depended on a type of political system, an understanding of the public good or the boundaries of individual’s autonomy. In contemporary times there is also a debate over how far should the powers of the State reach. There is even a discussion about the redefinition of the State, and even about the need for withdrawing the State from the areas of activities traditionally belonging to its empire. It is assumed that the public utility is a service as well as leading production used to meet the needs of all people in a continuous manner. It is not required, that this availability is truly enjoyed by all.

private utility powers of the State public utility Roman law

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Wystawa jako przedmiot prawa autorskiego

  • Author: Ewa Ferenc-Szydełko
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Opolski
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 36-46
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.03
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014103.pdf

The exhibition as a matter of copyright. The exhibition is a complicated subject to copyright. It consists of exhibits – tracks – objects of copyright and other items. The exhibition is a collective work, if adopted in its system works, the choice of topics, descriptions, graphics and other elements of the company are original. The creator is the curator of the exhibition. Curator can be creative or auxiliary. Copyright entitled curator creative. If he is employed under a contract of employment and create an exhibition as an employee – is purely personal copyright. Copyright property is entitled to his employer. For the employer, it must be right to the title of the exhibition.

track Staf collective work the exhibition’s title curator of the exhibition exhibit display copyright

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Prace parlamentarne nad ustawą z dnia 6 stycznia 2005 r. o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym

  • Author: Ryszard Chruściak
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 47-70
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.04
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014104.pdf

The work on the draft bill started at the beginning of 2002 by the project of the National and Ethnic Minority Committee of the Sejm. During the first reading the deputies of the Law and Justice and the Polish Families League made a proposal to reject the draft. After the rejection of this proposal, the further work was carried out mainly in the extraordinary subcommittee, which prepared a report in spring 2004.The final work on the Act took place in National and Ethnic Minority Committee. During the third reading in the Sejm, also other motions to reject the draft or to limit its scope were proposed. These proposals came from right-wing and Catholic-national parties. In the Act in comparison to the original project there were extended rules on the use of minority language as an auxiliary, as well as for the use of this language as additional for assigning the names to towns and villages. A new solution was to introduce the notion of a regional language and giving this status to the Kashubian language. Also a solid base for the contacts of the government with national and ethnic minorities was established.

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„Przepisy techniczne” w systemie prawa polskiego

  • Author: Jacek Sobczak
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 71-91
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.05
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014105.pdf

The term “technical regulations” was developed in Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, and it comes down to the obligation to provide information concerning products and rules of the information society. The reason behind said solutions was to lead to unification on the Union internal market. Failure to fulfil the obligation of notification triggers serious consequences in legal transactions. From the point of view of the European Court of Justice, national judge, who is primarily a Union judge, may not use non-notified norms. In this respect there appeared discrepancies in judicial decisions of the Supreme Court, where some adjudicating panels held that in cases in which non-notified technical regulations were used it was necessary to ask the Constitutional Tribunal whether these norms were in force. However, the European Court of Justice clearly indicated that the scopes of cognition of the European Court of Justice and national constitutional tribunals do not coincide. The Court pointed out that failure to use a non-notified technical norm is not.

Technical regulations Union law internal market of the European Union gambling games European Court of Justice priority of Union law Constitution of the Republic of Poland

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Notariusz jako wspólnik spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością

  • Author: Dorota Sokołowska
  • Institution: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 92-115
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.06
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014106.pdf

The article is an attempt to answer the question concerning the legal issue of notaries taking up partnership in a limited liability companies in the light of Art. 19 of the Act of Law on Notarial Services of 14 February 1991? The undertaken analysis considers also regulations of the Commercial Companies Code. Conclusions resulting from the presented analysis are clear and unambiguous, asides of legal side of the problem, they also present it in the light of moral issues.

Notary Law on Notarial Services Commercial Companies Code limited liability company share in a limited liability company abuse of the legal form

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Prasa litewska o traktacie polsko-litewskim w przededniu jego podpisania

  • Author: Adas Jakubauskas
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Michała Römera w Wilnie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 116-123
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.07
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014107.pdf

On 26 April 1994, the Lithuanian and Polish presidents signed in Vilnius the Treaty between the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Poland on friendly relations and good neighbourly cooperation. The Lithuanian press devoted much attention to the progress of negotiations in drafting this document and to its ratification by the Lithuanian Seimas in October 1994. During 1993–1994, the Lithuanian newspapers Lietuvos rytas, Respublika, Lietuvos aidas, Tiesa, Kurier Wileński, also several smaller newspapers, such as Voruta, Gimtasis kraštas, Atgimimas, SSI, Amžius, published the articles devoted to a discussion of the Lithuanian-Polish relations. This publication aims at conducting an analysis of the Lithuanian press and reviewing the articles devoted to the drafting, signature and ratification of the Treaty between the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Poland on friendly relations and good neighbourly cooperation, as well as to the political situation in Lithuania at the time of the drafting and signature of the mentioned agreement.

international law Polish – Lithuanian relations press public opinion

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Programy wyspecjalizowane jako zadanie w realizacji misji publicznej nadawcy publicznego

  • Author: Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz
  • Institution: Akademia Obrony Narodowej
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 124-142
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.08
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014108.pdf

The remit of public service broadcasting includes the obligation of universal programming, which covers all kinds of programmes such as culture, news, entertainment and sport. Several European Union documents stress the special role of Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) in society and acknowledge a far-reaching autonomy of Member States to define and finance their national system of public service broadcasting. All European countries have defined remits for their public service broadcasters. The definition of the mission of PSB in Poland is only related to the activity of the public radio and television. Also the way PSB gives account for its programme activities, and the control of the way PSB fulfils its remit. Theme channels are part of the remit of public service broadcasting. These channels are considered as important and almost self-evident activities of PSB. Nevertheless there is a need for such provisions to define the mission of PSB in Poland. This is necessary to further specify the criteria used to determine whether a service of theme channels which are transmitted by the public television is of an economic or a non-economic nature. This is the most important because of the requirements of state financing of public service broadcasters. These transparency requirements are internal accounts corresponding to different activities – public service and non-public service activities must be separated.

public service broadcasting theme channels the mission of PSB The State aid The State financing of public service broadcasters public services non-public service

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Zakaz cenzury prewencyjnej w świetle zasady wolności słowa

  • Author: Lech Jaworski
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 143-164
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.09
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014109.pdf

Censorship is a special case of media control. In the authoritarian system it is preventive censorship as well as press licensing that constitute a characteristic symptom of this control. In law, the notion of censorship has not been defined: therefore one has to refer to doctrines and jurisdiction. In the Polish law, a clear ban on preventive censorship, understood as making publishing or broadcasting a certain message dependent on the prior consent of a public authority, was included in Article 54 Section 2 of the Constitution. This regulation constitutes, in the area that it regulates, a development and confirmation of the freedom of the press and other media rule expressed in Article 14 of the Constitution. Additional provisions of the press’s freedom of speech in the context discussed here are formulated in Article 3 of the Press Law. Although it does not refer directly to preventive censorship, the ban it expresses is supposed to prevent the actual infringement on the freedom of the press by preventing its print and distribution. As for the issues discussed here, what may be controversial is the approach limiting the introduction of preventive censorship only to public administration institutions. The Constitutional Tribunal in its verdict from 20 July 2011, referring to the use of publication ban within proceedings to secure claims in claims against mass media concerning the protection of personal rights (Article 755 Paragraph 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure) stated that the judicial power is not the administrative power. Therefore, the courts’ activity cannot be considered as using censorship, but rather as monitoring the law being obeyed in the preventive meaning. And as for the regulations included in the European Convention on Human Rights, its Article 10 (as well as its other regulations) does not directly refer to the issue of controlling or obstructing publications, especially press releases. This question, however, has been the subject of many rulings of the European Court of Human Rights.

freedom of speech censorship press Constitution press law Broadcasting Act human rights

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Wartość dowodowa oraz możliwość przesłuchania osób starszych, chorych i zaburzonych psychicznie

  • Author: Dariusz Jagiełło
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 165-174
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.10
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014110.pdf

Examining persons with psychic disturbances is characteristic of particular rules. Different also an attitude should be examining which one should adapt to these specific conditions. Examining should be marked among others cares in the choice of words, with the deliberation, or the lack of the irony. Also showing interest is essential, understandings, and in addition serious treating the interviewed person. Applying no conventional scheme for his accomplishment isn’t possible, whereas this way made statements constitute rightful evidence in a criminal trial.

Interrogation sick person mentally evidence value evidence rules of interrogation

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Kultura polityczna a możliwość odmowy publikacji w prasie reklam i prywatnych ogłoszeń

  • Author: Maria Gołda-Sobczak
  • Institution: Uniwersytet im. Adma Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 175-185
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.11
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014111.pdf

The problem of the opportunity to place advertisement in mass media has been analysed both by Polish courts and the European Court of Human Rights only with regard to the content of said advertisement and its reference to current legal advertising bans. However, there occurred a significant problem not only from the point of view of the freedom of press, but also civil liberties, namely that of presenting advertisement undesired by newspaper editors. Cases tried by Polish courts, one being subject to analysis of the European Court of Human Rights, prove that within the scope of placing advertisement the voice of publishers and editors is decisive. Any citizen referring to the freedom of speech stands no chance that the content of advertisement presented by them will be published. Free press is to be free to choose advertisement, and what’s crucial here is the economic freedom of contract. tantamount to conceding that this norm ceases to exist, but only affirms that it cannot be applied.

advertisement European Union political culture announcements

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Pełzająca dewolucja. Problem uznania statusu prawnego mniejszości kornwalijskiej w Wielkiej Brytanii na początku XXI w.

  • Author: Bartłomiej H. Toszek
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Szczeciński
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 186-200
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.12
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014112.pdf

The article refers to Cornish idea of ‘crawling devolution’ based on recognizing Cornish minority under Framework Convention of national minorities protection and gradual achieving political autonomy level corresponding with modern position of Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland in the UK political system. Author reveals façade character of formal arguments contain in the first and second DCLG reports for the Council of Europe General Secretary against implementing protodevolutionary ideas in Cornwall and presents real objections of present UK Government of realizing devolution reform (as a post-Labour heritage) in any part of England. The article presents Cornish people hopes and misgivings précised in local government, political parties (individual and common) and NGO’s selected documents and papers with authors comment in conclusion.

dewolucja mniejszość narodowa Wielka Brytania Kornwalia

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Podstawy prawne działania radia, telewizji i innych technicznych nośników przekazu w Szwecji

  • Author: Ryszarda Stasiak
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 201-216
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.13
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014113.pdf

The subject of this article is the legal basis of the activity of radio, television and other technical media devices in Sweden. The basis of this activity is freedom of expression guaranteed in the act on the instrument of government (Regeringsformen – RF). There are specific constitutional regulations for some forms of expression. Freedom of the press is regulated in the ordinance on freedom of the press (Tryckfrihetsförordningen – TF) and it includes freedom of expression in writing. The fundamental law on freedom of expression (Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen – YGL) is applicable to other forms of expression like radio, television and other technical devices: film, video, sound records, CD and DVD. The fundamental law on freedom of expression (YGL) is the youngest of the Swedish constitutions and it is modelled on the ordinance on freedom of the press. The basic principles and their construction are the same in both acts. It applies among others to economic freedom in terms of broadcasting programs, prohibition on censorship, the right to provide information and protection of the source of information, catalogue of crimes, one-person liability, separate procedural provisions with the court with a jury. The author points out the leading principles of the fundamental law on freedom of expression: to ensure free exchange of views, free and comprehensive obtaining of information and free artistic output. Every Swedish citizen is entitled to publicly express their thoughts, views, feelings and other information in any field by means of the radio, television or other similar media devices. As a rule the law is applicable if broadcasting of a program takes place from Sweden. The fundamental law on freedom of expression guarantees for every Swedish citizen the right to provide information in any field with a view to it being made public on the radio or in other recordings as well as the right to obtain information with a view to it being passed or made public. A radio program author is entitled to remain anonymous and is not obliged to disclose their identity. In order to ensure the possibility of establishing the person responsible for violation of the fundamental law on freedom of expression it imposes the obligation to indicate the responsible editor (ansvarig utgivare) and made their identity available to the public. This liability comes on a one person basis; in the first place it applies to the editor, next to the person obliged to indicate the editor and finally to the person disseminating the program. The fundamental law on freedom of expression makes numerous references to other acts of law. For example, in terms of principles on placing advertisements and commercial announcements the applicable law is the act on radio and television, in particular regarding product placement and program sponsoring as well as the act on alcohol and the act on tobacco products. The article also describes regulations of the principles concerning granting licenses by the government (granting frequency) or the Office for radio and television. Independent control over the broadcast programs is exercised by the Office for control (and in terms of advertisements also by the Consumer Advocate). Foreign stations are not embraced by the act on radio and television and for this reason they are not subject to the supervision exercised by the Office for control.

Sweden the fundamental law on freedom of expression radio television technical media devices the ordinance on freedom of the press

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System repartycji w Polsce

  • Author: Anna Stasiak-Apelska
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 217-240
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.14
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014114.pdf

The paper presents the results of the analysis of issues concerning the distribution in Poland. Distribution, in the context of the copyright law, is the compensation for the reproduction of works used with permit by private individuals for the personal purpose. Depending on the form of the exploitation of work or the subject of right (authors, performers, publishers or producers of phonograms and video recording), the fee should be paid. Fees for the use of protected works are collected from users based on the license agreements. Collective societies involved in the collect and division of the fees for the use of works within the permitted personal use. Article 23 of copyright law established the principle for unpaid permitted private use. There is no claim for payment of remuneration to the collective society or to users, if the works are copied within its own personal use. Exploitation of the works on the statutory license for private use is permitted, therefore, in connection with eg. common interests. Moreover, the relationships established through the internet are not excluded. Specificity is the fact that nowadays the reprographic fee of media is borne by entities that are themselves do not use of the works and do not encroach on the symptoms of copyright as an exclusive right. Holders of reprographic equipment, who are already established in the field of reproduction of works for personal use by third parties are obliged to pay, through the organization of collective management of copyright and related rights, duties amounting to 3% of the proceeds of this account on behalf of authors and publishers, unless the reproduction is carried out under an agreement with an eligible (eg. the author or publisher). Reprographic fees, so-called copyright levies or fees, which are counted towards to the blank media and copying machines are paid by all customers. Fees are paid by producers and importers of copying devices and blank media. In the field of reprographic fees, copyright is obsolete and should be complemented with modern audiovisual equipment, including tablets, smartphones etc.

author compensation copyright law copyright levies distribution reprographic fee works

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Instytucja sądu polubownego – konkurent czy też forma pomocy dla sądownictwa powszechnego?

  • Author: Ewelina Bachera
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Śląski
  • Author: Bartosz Smółka
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Śląski
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 241-255
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.15
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014115.pdf

An increasing number of children born from in vitro fertilization raises some questions: do children born from in vitro fertilization have the right to know their origins ? The answer may be run from the viewpoint of the child or from the parents. This problem is a really controversial issue: some people think that the right to know genetic origins is a fundamental human right, what’s more it is in the best interest of the child. On the other hand, others think that parents have the right to be anonymous. In the light of above worthy of particular attention is the position of judicial interpretation.

biological origins in vitro human dignity

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Wszczęcie postępowania podatkowego – istota i charakter prawny

  • Author: Jarosław Szatkowski
  • Institution: Uniwersytet Łódzki
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 256-279
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.16
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014116.pdf

The provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure of 1960, regulating the initiation of the administrative procedure, continue to function under the Tax Code of 1997 in an almost unchanged form. Excluding the tax matters from the administrative procedure legislator omitted the specificity of the tax assessement, especially self-assessement. As a consequence, norms of initiating of the tax procedure fully relates only to the general tax procedure, that serves only to the undertaking of the administrative acts by the tax authority. Furthemore, from the ontological point of view, object which is initiation of the procedure is not the first procedural action in the case, but an event, accompanying that kind of action both the authority’s and the tax-payer’s, carried out at this stage of the application of tax substantive law in the self-assessement procedure. Tax procedural law does not distinguish those situations properly, what causes serious problems with legal interpretation of the tax rules of proceeding. The aim of this article is to give some basic legal and philosophical remarks on this problem.

tax procedure self-assessement ontology of law

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Creative Commons (CC)

  • Author: Elżbieta Delert
  • Institution: Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej w Warszawie
  • Year of publication: 2014
  • Source: Show
  • Pages: 280-307
  • DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/tpn2014.1.17
  • PDF: tpn/6/TPN2014117.pdf

Creative Commons is a non-profit organisation, which was established in 2001 in the United States of America. It was founded of the initiative of the people involved in work for the protection and promotion of common cultural goods. Polish branch of the organisation has been operating since 2005 and its partners are Centre for Digital Design: Poland and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling at the University of Warsaw. The article presents the development of Creative Commons licence their history specifics and use both in USA and international environment. Last part of the text is focused on presentation and analysis of the situation of Creative Commons licences in Polish Law.

Creative Commons Creative Commons licence common cultural goods Authorship public domain open content Polish law

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