Hope for Success Is Where Your Locus of Control Is. A Psychological Analysis of Relationships Between Hope for Success and Locus of Control in Polish Adolescents

The study aims to investigate relationships between various dimensions of locus of control and hope for success. 495 secondary school students aged 14 to 16 (Mage = 15.54, SD = 0.53) were surveyed. Hope for success was measured using Łaguna et al.’s Questionnaire of Hope for Success. Locus of control was assessed using the Questionnaire of Locus of Control. The results indicate that the two variables are interrelated. The present findings can be used in designing educational activities to support secondary school students’ sense of agency.

REFERENCES:

• Almajali, H. K. S. (2012). The relationship of family upbringing style with locus of control of preparatory school learners in Jordan. European Scientific Journal, 8(13).
• Bernardo, A. B. I. (2010). Extending hope theory: Internal and external locus of trait hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(8), 944–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.036
• Bryce, C. I., Alexander, B. L., Fraser, A. M., & Fabes, R. A. (2019). Dimensions of hope in adolescence: Relations to academic functioning and well‐being. Psychology in the Schools, 57(2), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22311
• Carton, J. S., Ries, M., & Nowicki Jr, S. (2021). Parental antecedents of locus of control of reinforcement: A qualitative review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 565883.
• Cheng, C., Cheung, S. F., Chio, J. H., & Chan, M. P. (2013). Cultural meaning of perceived control: a meta-analysis of locus of control and psychological symptoms across 18 cultural regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 152–188. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028596
• Cuze, A., & Aleksic, A. (2021). Student well-being: Identifying the contribution of optimism and locus of control. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 18(1), 19–33.
• Dixson, D. D. (2019). Hope into action: How clusters of hope relate to success‐oriented behavior in school. Psychology in the Schools, 56(9), 1493–1511. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22299
• Flores, J., Caqueo-Urízar, A., Ramírez, C., Arancio, G., & Cofré, J. P. (2020). Locus of control, self-control, and gender as predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems in children and adolescents in Northern Chile. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2015.
• Fraser, A. M., Bryce, C. I., Alexander, B. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2021). Hope levels across adolescence and the transition to high school: Associations with school stress and achievement. Journal of Adolescence, 91, 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.07.004
• Friedlander, S. (2019). Learned helplessness in children: Perception of control and causal attributions. In Organizing Early Experience (pp. 33–53). Routledge.
• Gallagher, M. W. (2023). The scientific status of the psychology of hope. Current Opinion in Psychology, 53, 101684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101684
• Krasowicz-Kupis, G., & Wojnarska, A. (2017). Kwestionariusz do Badania Poczucia Kontroli – wersja zrewidowana. Podręcznik [Locus of Control Questionnaire-Revised. Manual] Pracownia Testów PTP.
• Łaguna, M., Trzebiński, J., & Zięba, M. (2005). KNS – Kwestionariusz Nadziei na Sukces [Questionnaire of Hope for Success]. Pracownia Testów PTP.
• Ling, Y., Huebner, E. S., Liu, J., Liu, W. L., Zhang, J., & Xiao, J. (2015). The origins of hope in adolescence: A test of a social–cognitive model. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 307–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.016
• Shifrer, D. (2019). The contributions of parental, academic, school, and peer factors to differences by socioeconomic status in adolescents’ locus of control. Society and Mental Health, 9(1), 74–94.
• Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249–275.
• Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., & Sigmon, D. R. (2002). Hope theory: A member of the positive psychology family. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 257–276). Oxford University Press.
• Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., & Higgins, R. L. (1991). Development and validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 321–335.
• Turan, M. E. (2021). The relationship between locus of control and hope in adolescents: The mediating role of career and talent development self-efficacy. Australian Journal of Career Development, 30(2), 129–138.
• Wang, J., Kaufman, T., & Branje, S. (2023). Longitudinal associations of parental psychological control and friend support with autonomy during early adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 33, 999–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12851
• Weymouth, B. B., Buehler, C., Zhou, N., & Henson, R. A. (2016). A meta‐analysis of parent-adolescent conflict: Disagreement, hostility, and youth maladjustment. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 8(1), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12126
• Wickline, V. B., Nowicki Jr, S., Kincheloe, A. R., & Osborn, A. F. (2011). A longitudinal investigation of the antecedents of locus of control orientation in children. Journal on Educational Psychology, 4(4), 39–52.
• Yarcherski, A., & Mahon, N. E. (2014). Meta-analyses of predictors of hope in adolescents. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(3), 345–368.
• Zaleszczyk, A., & Kot, P. (2015). Hope for success and difficulties in the career decision making process. Annals of Psychology, 18(4), 611–624.