Correlates of Physical Activity Older Adults Attending to Senior Citizens’ Clubs

Assessing the correlates of older adults’ leisure-time physical activity (PA) is essential to effectively promote these populations’ active lifestyles. Few studies have been published about PA correlates of older adults in Poland. The aim of this study was thus to identify correlates of self-reported PA of older adults. Participants were 577 members of senior citizen clubs aged 70.72±8.04 years. Questionnaires were used to collect data of PA, psychological, perceived social and environmental variables related to PA. Results of regression analyses with four levels of PA as dependent variables and psychosocial factors as independent variables showed that all models were significant, explaining the variance from 8% (walking) to 20% (VPA). Age and accessibility of fitness facilities were significant predictors in the final regression equation used to explain all levels of PA except walking. Time spent on TV predicted walking, LPA and MPA.

REFERENCES:

• Anderssen, S. A., Engeland, A., Søgaard, A. J., Nystad, W., Graff‐Iversen, S., & Holme, I. (2007). Changes in physical activity behavior and the development of body mass index during the last 30 years in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport, 18(3), 309-317. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00645.x
• Anshel, M. (2014). Applied health fitness psychology. Human Kinetics Publishers.
• Barnett, D. W., Barnett, A., Nathan, A., Van Cauwenberg, J., & Cerin, E. (2017). Built environmental correlates of older adults’ total physical activity and walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1). doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0558-z
• Böhm, A. W., Mielke, G. I., da Cruz, M. F., Ramires, V. V., & Wehrmeister, F. C. (2016). Social Support and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 13. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2015-0277
• Buckworth, J., & Dishman, R. K. (2002). Exercise psychology. Human Kinetics Publishers, Illinois.
• CBOS. (2010). Czas wolny Polaków (Leisure of Poles). Public Opinion Research Center.
• Franke, T., Tong, C., Ashe, M., Mckay, H., & Sims-Gould, J. (2013). The walk the talk team, The secrets of highly active older adults. Journal of Aging Studies, 27(4), 398-409.
• Hanibuchi, T., Kawachi, I., Nakaya, T., Hirai, H., & Kondo, K. (2011). Neighborhood built environment and physical activity of Japanese older adults: results from the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES). BMC Public Health, 11(657). doi: 10.1186/14712458-11-657
• Harada, K., Park, H., Lee, S., Shimada, H., Yoshida, D., Anan, Y., & Suzuk, T. (2017). Joint Association of Neighborhood Environment and Fear of Falling on Physical Activity Among Frail Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 25(1), 140-148. doi: 10.1123/japa.2016-0082
• Izquierdo, M., Merchant, R. A., & Morley, J. E. et al. (2021). International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging, 25, 824-853. doi: 10.1007/s12603-021-1665-8
• Kirkby, R. J., Kolt, G. S., & Babel, K. (1998). Cultural factors in exercise participation of older adults. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87(3), 890-890. doi: 10.2466/pms.1998.87.3.890
• Koeneman, M. A., Verheijden, M. W., Chinapaw, M. J. M., & Hopman-Rock, M. (2011). Determinants of physical activity and exercise in healthy older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8, 142. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-142
• Loprinzi, P. D., & Crush, E. A. (2017). Source and Size of Social Support Network on Sedentary Behavior Among Older Adults. American Journal of Health Promotion, 32(1), 28-31. doi: 10.1177/0890117116686888
• Loprinzi, P. D., & Joyner, C. (2016). Source and Size of Emotional and Financial-Related Social Support Network on Physical Activity Behavior Among Older Adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 13, 776-779. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2015-0629
• Lucidi, F., Grano, C., Barbaranelli, C., & Violan, C. (2006). Social-cognitive determinants of physical activity attendance in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 14(3), 344-359. doi: 10.1123/japa.14.3.344
• McAuley, E., Duncan, T. E., & Tammen, V. V. (1987). Psychometric Properties of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in a Competitive Sport Setting: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 60(1), 48-58. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1989.10607413
• McElroy, M. (2002). Resistance to exercise: A social analysis of inactivity. Human Kinetics Publishers.
• Moran, M., Van Cauwenberg, J., Hercky-Linnewiel, R., Cerin, E., Deforche, B., & Plaut, P. (2014). Understanding the relationships between the physical environment and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review of qualitative studies. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(79). doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-79
• Motl, R. W., McAuley, E., Birnbaum, A. S., & Lytle, L. A. (2006). Naturally occurring changes in time spent watching television are inversely related to frequency of physical activity during early adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29(1), 19-32. doi: 10.1016/j. adolescence.2005.01.005
• Mudrak, J., Slepicka, P., & Elavsky, S. (2017). Social Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity in Czech Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 25(2), 196-204. doi: 10.1123/japa.2015-0125
• Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, W. J, & Blair, S. N. et al. (2007). Physical Activity and Public Health in Older Adults: Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8), 1435-1445. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.185650
• Olson, J. M., & Zanna, M. P. (1993). Attitudes and Attitude Change. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 117-154. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.001001
• Riberio, A., Mitchell, R., Carvallo, R., Pina, F.M. (2015). Distance to parks and non-residential destinations influences physical activity of older people, but crime doesn’t: a cross-sectional study in a southern European city. BMC Public Health, 15, 593. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1879-y
• Sallis, J. F., Grossman, R. M., Pinski, R. B., Patterson, T. L., & Nader, P. R. (1987). The development of scales to measure social support for diet and exercise behaviors. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 16(6), 825-836. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(87)90022-3
• Smith, G. L., Banting, L., Eime, R., O’Sullivan, G., & van Uffelen, J. G. Z. (2017). The association between social support and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14, doi: 10.1186/ s12966-017-0509-8
• Śniadek, J., & Zajadacz, A. (2010). Senior citizens and their leisure activity: understanding leisure behavior of elderly people in Poland. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism, 17(2), 193-204.
• Sun, F., Norman, I. J., & While, A. E. (2013). Physical activity in older people: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13, 449. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-449
• Van Stralen, M. M., De Vries, H., Mudde, A. N., Bolman, C., & Lechner, L. (2009). Determinants of initiation and maintenance of physical activity among older adults: a literature review. Health Psychology Review, 3(2), 147-207. doi: 10.1080/17437190903229462
• Viken, H., Aspvik, N. P., Ingebrigtsen, J. E., Zisko, N., Wisloff, U., & Stensvold, D. (2016). Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity Among Norwegian Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 24, 369-375. doi: 10.1123/japa.2015-0148
• Washburn, R. A., & Ficker, J. L. (1999). Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): the relationship with activity measured by a portable accelerometer. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 39(4), 336-340.
• WHO. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.