Foreign Policy: A Study on Post-2022 U.S. Midterm Elections and Implications for NATO and European Partners
- Institution: Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Poland
- ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-3557
- Year of publication: 2023
- Source: Show
- Pages: 61-71
- DOI Address: https://doi.org/10.15804/CEJSS.2023106
- PDF: cejss/1/cejss106.pdf
This scholarly investigation critically examines the determinants leading to shifts in U.S. foreign policy post the 2022 midterm elections. The research encompasses a comprehensive analysis of domestic political influences, consequential legislative shifts, and disparate stances adopted by different political actors. Through a meticulous inspection, it seeks to explicate potential repercussions of such alterations for NATO and European affiliates. The evolving U.S. position, and its impacts on the strategic geopolitical landscape, defense prerogatives, and alliance collaboration mechanisms are evaluated. The study further aims to deepen the understanding of the interplay between domestic politics and foreign policy, accentuating the significant influence of political transitions on global alliances and strategic partnerships. Anticipated findings are projected to contribute to the academic literature on U.S. foreign policy dynamics and the subsequent implications for NATO and European counterparts. Additionally, valuable insights expected from this research may provide strategic guidance for policymakers, academics, and stakeholders vested in deciphering the complex relationships between domestic politics, midterm elections, and ensuing alterations in foreign policy. Ultimately, this study enriches the understanding of the evolving transatlantic scenario and the impact of political metamorphoses on international diplomacy and collaboration.
REFERENCES:
- Azari, J.R. (2016). How the News Media Helped to Nominate Trump. Political Communication, 33(4), pp. 677–680. DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2016.1224417.
- Baker, J.O., Bader, C.D. (2022). Xenophobia, Partisanship, and Support for Donald Trump and the Republican Party Race and Social Problems, 14(1), pp. 69–83. DOI: 10.1007/S12552-021-09337-0.
- Cappabianca, C. (2023). Florida Rep. Gaetz introduces ‘Ukraine Fatigue’ resolution. Retrieved from: https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/politics/2023/02/23/florida-rep--matt-gatez-introduces--ukraine-fatigue--bill-to-cut-country-s-aid.
- Committee on the Judicary (2019). H. Rept. 116–346 – IMPEACHMENT OF DONALD J. TRUMP PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- DeSilver, D. (2015). What is the House Freedom Caucus, and Who’s in it? Retrieved from: https://policycommons.net/artifacts/618803/whatis-the-house-freedom-caucus-and-whos-init/1599803/.
- Doherty, C. (2023). How Republicans view their party, key issues as 118th Congress begins. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/01/19/how-republicansview-their-party-and-key-issues-facing-the-country-as-the-118th-congress-begins/.
- Edwards, C. (2019). Freedom Caucus and Spending Cuts. Retrieved from: https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1318680/freedom-caucus-and-spending-cuts/1921971/.
- EUROPEAN DETERRENCE INITIATIVE Department of Defense Budget Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 (2021).
- Foran, C. (2023). House speaker vote: McCarthy elected House speaker after days of painstaking negotiations and failed votes. CNN Politics. Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/06/politics/mccarthy-speaker-fight-friday/index.html.
- Frum, D. (2014a). Obama at West Point: A Foreign Policy of False Choices. The Atlantic. Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/05/obama-at-west-point-a-foreignpolicy-of-false-choices/371748/.
- Frum, D. (2014b). Obama Just Made the Ultimate Commitment to Eastern Europe. The Atlantic. Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/09/obama-commitment-easterneurope-russia-nato/379581/.
- Goldberg, J. (2016). President Obama’s Interview With Jeffrey Goldberg on Syria and Foreign Policy. The Atlantic. Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/.
- Green, M. (2019). Legislative Hardball: The House Freedom Caucus and the Power of Threat-Making in Congress. Retrieved from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/elements/legislative-hardball/37488C1E94117DFBFF924E5B67188E07.
- Homan, P., Lantis, J.S. (2020). The Freedom Caucus and Factionalism in the Trump Era. The Battle for U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 151–186. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30171-2_6.
- Hrebenar, R.J., Scott, R.K. (2015). Interest group politics in America. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315703381.
- Jacobson, G.C. (2023). The 2022 Elections: A Test of Democracy’s Resilience and the Referendum Theory of Midterms. Political Science Quarterly, 138(1), pp. 1–22. DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad002.
- Jillson, C.C., Robertson, D.B. (2010). Perspectives on American government: readings in political development and institutional change. Retrieved from: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130282270985698560.
- Knox, O. (2023). A new Congress gets its first Ukraine test. The Washington Post. Retrieved from: https:// www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/01/11/new-congress-gets-its-first-ukraine-test/.
- Kupchan, C. (2020). Isolationism: a history of America’s efforts to shield itself from the world. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com/books/about/Isolationism.html?hl=pl&id=lpj5DwAAQBAJ.
- Masters, J. (2023). How Much Aid Has the U.S. Sent Ukraine. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from: https://www.cfr.org/article/how-much-aidhas-us-sent-ukraine-here-are-six-charts.
- Moran, A. (2011). The Oxford handbook of American elections and political behaviour. Democratization, 18(6), pp. 1294–1296. DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2011.640081.
- Bacon, D. [R-N.-2] (2023) ‘H.R.2922 – 118th Congress (2023–2024): Baltic Security Initiative Act’. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Craig, A. [D-M.-2] (2022) ‘H.R.6833 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023’. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Kaptur, M. [D-O.-9] (2022) ‘H.R.3344 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Transatlantic Telecommunications Security Act’. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Keating, W.R. [D-M.-9] (2022) H.Res.1130 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Expressing support for the sovereign decision of Finland and Sweden to apply to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as well as calling on all members of NATO to ratify the protocols of accession swiftly. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Royce, E.R. [R-C.-39] (2017) ‘H.R.3364 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act’. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Smith, A. [D-W.-9] (2022) ‘H.R.4350 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022’. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Ritchie, D.A. (2010). The U.S. Congress: a very short introduction.
- Rosenbloom, D.H. (2016). The Handbook of Federal Government Leadership and Administration. DOI: 10.4324/9781315439242/HANDBOOK-FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT-LEADERSHIP-ADMINISTRATION-DAVID-ROSENBLOOM-PATRICKMALONE-BILL-VALDEZ.
- 4509 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Black Sea Security Act of 2022 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress (2022). Retrieved from: https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4509/text.
- Schwarz, B. (2022). 2022 midterm election spending set to break record. Retrieved from: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/03/2022-midterm-electionspending-set-to-break-record.html.
- Sei, J. (2022). Senate Democrats just picked up one more vote. Here’s what that means: NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2022/12/07/1141065758/why-warnocks-seat-means-so-much-tosenate-democrats.
- Durbin, R.J. [D-I. (2018). S.Res.535 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): A resolution reaffirming the United States commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Risch, J.E. [R-I. (2020). S.4392 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Ukraine Security Partnership Act. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Risch, J.E. [R-I. (2021). ‘S.814 – 117th Congress (2021–2022): Ukraine Security Partnership Act of 2021’. Retrieved from: http://www.congress.gov/.
- Skocpol, T., Hertel-Fernandez, A. (2016). The Koch Network and Republican Party Extremism. Perspectives on Politics, 14(3), pp. 681–699. DOI: 10.1017/S1537592716001122.
- Stokes, D. (2018). Trump, American hegemony and the future of the liberal international order. International Affairs, 94(1). DOI: 10.1093/ia/iix238.
- Sullivan, E. (2018). Trump Questions the Core of NATO: Mutual Defense, Including Montenegro. The New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/world/europe/trump-nato-selfdefense-montenegro.html.
- The US economy is back on track after COVID-19 dip. World Economic Forum (2023). Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/02/useconomy-covid19-inflation/.
- Theriault, S.M., Jones, B.D. (2017). Keeping your friends close: how the House Freedom Caucus organized for survival. Retrieved from: https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/63755.
- Trachtenberg, D. (2010). Comparative Strategy Finding the Forest Among the Trees: The Bush Administration’s National Security Policy Successes. DOI: 10.1080/01495930490274481.
- Trump says NATO is obsolete but still ‘very important to me’. Reuters (2017). Retrieved from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-nato-obsoleteidUSKBN14Z0YO.
- Tushnet, M., Graber, M.A., Levinson, S. (2015). The Oxford handbook of the U.S. Constitution.
- Vile, J.R. (2016). A companion to the United States Constitution and its amendments.
- Voter-Demographics-and-Redistricting (2023)