The article attempts to analyze the significance of the Sixth State Reform in the context of the evolution of the federal system in Belgium. The origins and the assumptions of this reform are analyzed, its main areas are presented, and then the systemic changes are evaluated. The deliberations, which took a broad account of the statements of representatives of the Belgian science of public law, lead to the conclusion that the reform, on the one hand, may be regarded as a kind of Copernican revolution in politics, but on the other hand, it is a missed opportunity to unravel the complicated paths of the Belgian federalism. The conclusions also indicate possible projections of the directions of the evolution of the political system in Belgium, concluding that the reform does not settle the directions of further development and the changes in this extremely sublime, though not necessarily clear, territorial structure of the country. However, it seems to be certain that this is not the last reform.