Argentinos, bestias, chaqwa y pishtacos. The experience of terror, cruelty and death in the collective consciousness of Andean villagers during the internal conflict in Peru

The problem of internal conflict in Peru is a popular research topic that has been analyzed from various scientific perspectives by both domestic and foreign researchers for almost four decades. In addition to the dominant historical and political approaches (mainly focused on structural features of war and its impact on the current shape of the state and society) as well as the anthropological ones (primarily devoted to socio-cultural sources and following reveals of the problem), a significant place is also occupied by the studies of violence, taken up by various disciplines. Application of this perspective is, however, an exceptionally complex task, since, as in the lens, it concentrates systems of links between phenomena and actors, whose figures cannot be clearly outlined. It is particularly evident in relation to forms, scale and perception of terror in the Andes. The article aims at looking for the answer to the question what was going to be the role of the title “terror, cruelty and death” in the military activities in the Peruvian province and how they ultimately influenced collective consciousness of Andean villagers and their attitudes in conflict. Therefore, the analysis concerns, first of all, forms and goals of violence in the Andes and the ways in which serranos visualized them, and then, reactions of the latter to the war experience of dehumanization, death and destruction.

Role of the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal in solving the constitutional crisis of 2017–2020

The Constitutional Tribunal in Peru is a special institution in the constitutional system that, after the resignation of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2018, has become the arena of the struggle for influence between the parliament and the president. What was the role of the Tribunal in solving the political crisis of 2017–2020 and what is the impact of these relations on shaping the rule of law standards? In conclusion, it should be noted that the organization and principles of functioning of the institution of the Constitutional Tribunal goes beyond the traditional division into executive, legislative and judicial power, granting it extensive powers, however, making it vulnerable to corruption generating mechanisms of power

This article focuses on the securitization of the response to COVID-19 in France, Israel, and Peru. This study explores the manner in which securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out in these three countries. The securitization of the threat was manifested in the type of rhetoric used, the use of emergency legislation (and new ‘normalised’ legislation based on the former) and other types of crisis laws, the employment of the military and other security agencies, and popular support for approaching the crisis through a securitization lens. This work hypothesizes that securitization occurred because, among other things, the existing infrastructure (laws, policies, and institutions) in these countries facilitated the securitization process, all three countries have a history of securitizing major national crises, and the securitization process was further buttressed by popular acceptance of the securitization of the response to COVID.