Generał Lucjan Żeligowski pochodził z polskiej rodziny szlacheckiej, herbu „Bończa”. Jego przodkowie walczyli ze Szwedami w XVI wieku, a jego ojciec brał udział w powstaniu styczniowym w 1863 roku. Jedna z najbardziej kontrowersyjnych postaci w korpusie generałów II RP. Walczył w wojnie rosyjsko-japońskiej (1904-1905). Podczas Wielkiej Wojny, po zgodzie władz rosyjskich na tworzenie polskich formacji wojskowych, był współorganizatorem Brygady Strzelców Polskich, walczył w szeregach Polskiej Dywizji Strzelców i w Pierwszym Korpusie Polskim W ostatnim okresie wojny współorganizował 4. Dywizję Strzelców Polskich, z którą dotarł do Polski przez Odessę i Besarabię. Walczył z wojskami Zachodnioukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej i w wojnie polsko-radzieckiej - na Froncie Północnym (10 DP) oraz w walkach pod Radzyminem (podczas bitwy warszawskiej). Po wojnie na czele 1. Dywizji Piechoty Litewsko-Białoruskiej zajął Wilno i doprowadził do powstania Republiki Litwy Środkowej. „Bunt Żeligowskiego” zaowocował przyłączeniem tego obszaru do Polski. W Wojsku Polskim był dowódcą Inspektoratu Wojskowego nr 2 w Warszawie i Ministrem Spraw Wojskowych. Po zamachu stanu Piłsudskiego (zamachu majowym) stanął na czele Komisji Likwidacyjnej powołanej w celu wyjaśnienia okoliczności i przebiegu wydarzeń majowych w 1926 r. Był także inspektorem armii w Generalnym Inspektoracie Zbrojnym Siły. 31 sierpnia 1927 r. przeszedł na emeryturę. W 1928 r. został przewodniczącym Kapituły Orderu Odrodzenia Polski i członkiem Trybunału Stanu. W 1935 r. został wybrany posłem na Sejmu IV kadencji z listy Bezpartyjnego Bloku Współpracy z Rządem - przewodniczył Komisji Wojskowej Parlamentu, a następnie był posłem na Sejm V kadencji z listy bezpartyjnej. Podczas II wojny światowej był członkiem Rady Narodowej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, przewodniczącym Komitetu Wojskowego i kanclerzem Orderu Virtuti Militari. Zwolennik słowiano filstwa. W okresie powojennym opowiadał się za współpracą z ZSRR. Zmarł w Londynie w 1947 r. Spoczywa na Cmentarzu Wojskowym na Powązkach w Warszawie.

This study outlines the challenges faced by authors who might undertake in the future the task of writing a full scholarly biography of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. The author of this paper analyzes the state of research to date and evaluates the existing literature on the subject. The following two sections deal with challenges regarding source material and interpretive challenges in describing diverse areas of the life and scope of the Primate of the Millennium’s activities. The paper focuses on the period of Wyszyński’s service as a primate, as it seems that in-depth research on the earlier stages of Stefan Wyszyński’s life could be an arduous task to conduct.

In this article, I present the topic of work on the feelings undertaken by doctors and medical staff towards a child with a rare disease and its immediate family. I refer to the sociological concept of the trajectory of the disease. I used the method of the narrative interview in terms of Frütz Schitze. In the last part of the article, I present the results of research carried out with the mother of the sick person. The respondent presents cooperation with specialists in a negative light. Both doctors and nurses do not undertake interactional work of the patient and his relatives, nor do they trustt work in them and biographical work. Such work is of great importance in the treatment of the child and in the process of supporting his relatives. Actions taken by specialists affect the life of the patient and his family not only in terms of physical health. They are also about the well-being of the family, its emotional resources. The result of evident mistakes in these actions is the fact that the mother of the sick child does not work through a difficult biographical experience.

The aim of the article is to present a part of the biography of Sygurd Wiśniowski – a 19th-century traveler, writer and industrialist who appeared quite unexpectedly in the Polish press and was almost as quickly forgotten. The article is an attempt to present the possibility of using scattered press releases and epistolography in biographical studies. The value of press reports as a source of the facts is proved by a number of thematic studies. The atricle is based on a query of Polish press and Polish diaspora press and completed with an analysis of the traveler’s private letters, which allowed to verify the facts. Information obtained from the numerous press titles and letters suplement the current state of research with unknown or weakly known facts, making it possible to build an outline of a biography documented in the sources. The studies showed that a number of biographical findings about Sygurd Wiśniowski, which are established in the current literature on the subject, requires correction, and research in this field of press sources is promising.

About being (not)rooted in Silesianness. New Silesia as a space for creating a biography

New Silesia was the result of a communist project, that was implementing the vision of building a socialist world and creating a new man. This process had fundamental importance for people coming in masses to Upper Silesia to work and for their biographies to be constructed. In the article I present a trajectory reconstruction of the identity of a woman participating in the research. Her biography is an example of the identity processes related to the arrival and life in the „forming” city.

Professor Roman Wapinski’s reflections on the role and tasks of historical biography of historical biography 

In the scientific work of Professor Roman Wapiński (1931–2008), a prominent place was occupied by historical biography. This stream of his writing includes among others biographies of three important figures of the Polish political scene in the first half of the twentieth century: Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski, Roman Dmowski, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, numerous biographical notes published in the Polish Biographical Dictionary, monographs devoted to political awareness and generational groups in the Second Polish Republic, politicians of the Polish political scene in the twentieth century. The analysis of the content of the following article boils down to the statement, which takes the form of the main research thesis (Roman Wapiński identifies with it), that the cognitive values of this genre of historical writing require further scientific research, and go hand in hand with the recognition of: “its citizenship, together with the recognition of the usefulness of some of its varieties for studying the behaviour and fates of larger communities […], besides, it is probably not so rare that this is the only way to more widespread historical education”. The article is based on selected literature on the subject. The specificity of the issue in question and the articulation of the research problem naturally influenced the selection and nature of the research methods applied. The text uses elements of discourse analysis, text analysis, historical and diachronic methods. From among the applied research techniques, the most useful turned out to be the analysis of the testimonies of political thought, the essence of which is to draw conclusions on the basis of source materials collected and relating to the undertaken research problem.

On the resonator of biography.  Herstory Libussy  Fritz-Krockow. Written down by Christian Graf von Krockow Fritz-Krockow. Written down by Christian Graf von Krock

The author reads and interprets the work of Christian Graf von Crockow titled “The Hour of the Women”. She shows that in the process of (re)writing his sister’s story in various ways, the author strengthened the sense of her narrative – he became a “biography resonator”. The aim of the article is to analyze the aims and methods, as well as the effects of this “resonance”. It will be a look at a biographical and historical work from a literary studies, partly interdisciplinary perspective. The author argues that it is time to replace the rhetoric of the collective experience of Polish and German resettlement with an analysis of the record of an individual fate.

Jadwiga Janina Cywińska, nee Malkiewicz. One of the Vilnius Six

The first published biography of one of the members of the first community of the Order of Mercy, founded by Fr. Michał Sopoćko according to the revelations received through the intercession of Sister Faustyna Kowalska; court clerk in Vilnius and Toruń.

Zygmunt Wojciechowski (1900–1955) was a historian of law at the University of Poznan. A student of one of the greatest Polish historians – Oswald Balzer – he was a medievalist, heavily involved in politics both in the times of Second Republic and the beginning of the Polish People’s Republic. His works comprised of content of cognitive qualities, but was always strongly coloured with politics. He was the creator of the theory of native Polish lands, located between Odra, Warta and Vistula Rivers. He is looking at history through the prism of Polish-German relations and he critically evaluates the history of the state, which moved away from traditional Polish settlement areas and led a disastrous policy of expansion to the East, which brought its fall and partitions. Wojciechowski welcomed the return of Poland to the western lands (recovered) in 1945, as a compensation of wrongs suffered in the struggle against Germany. The literature on works of Wojciechowski is controversial and requires recognition in a new synthetic book, which is the main thesis of this study

Stanisław August Morawski – an outstanding, non-media figure of the Polish community in Italy

The aim of the article is to present the biography of Stanislaw August Morawski (1922–2019) – an outstanding figure of the Italian Polonia, who avoided media publicity. On the basis of a few available book sources and biographies published after his death in the Polish and Polonia press, introduced his life in Poland and in Italy and a huge number of his activities for Poland, Poles and the Polish community in Italy. S. Morawski was, among others, for many years the president of the Rome Foundation J.Z. Umiastowska, the Lanckoroński Foundation, co-founder of the Union of Poles in Italy and a member of its board, author of many publications on the history of Poles in the Apennine Peninsula.