Constitutional Guarantees of Specific Health Services in the Context of Protecting Women in Pregnacy

Providing health services to pregnant women is a special situation, which is confirmed in constitutional provisions, and above all in art. 68 paragraph 3 of the Polish Constitution. This article imposes on public authorities the obligation to provide specific health care to certain entities, including women expecting a child. Regardless of the principles of financing health services, pregnant women are in a distinguished group for which the state guarantees special health care. The purpose of the article is to indicate that the normative scope of provision 68 para. 3 is an expression of the specific axiology adopted by the constitution-maker, in which the care of a pregnant woman also means caring for the development of the nation, human dignity and protection of life and health - i.e. fundamental values. Legislative regulations related to norms of protection for pregnant women should constitute a kind of control pattern regarding standards of providing services in healthcare, understanding the essence of this care and the ability to decode legal norms in terms of constitutionally protected values. The basic research method was dogmatic and legal (stylistic and linguistic) analysis, as well as humanistic axiological analysis.

The subject-matter of my consideration covers chosen films about social inequalities and the resulting unrest in various parts of the world at the turn of the second and third decade of the 21st century. Film characters deprived of education, work, medical care and a dignified place to live have no hope of improving their existence. Growing frustration leads to aggression, breaking the law, brutal violence as well as riots and street fights. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the issues raised in film discourses and to try to find answers to questions about the causes and factors that cause social unrest. The category of human dignity was used to analysis the studied issues.

The precariat in the feature film

This paper discusses selecting films (realized shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic) portraying the precariat in today’s world. Working poor in lowwage jobs cannot secure a livelihood, which creates frustration and leads to a loss of personal and social dignity among this social class. My main focus is human dignity in the face of poverty and economic and social marginalization, enabled by a political system allowing contemporary forms of exploitation. In this paper, I refer to social scientists and filmmakers who warn against the escalation of aggression brought on by this phenomenon. The research aim of my study was to acquire knowledge of how the precariat has been presented in selected films and whether and why this phenomenon is the cause of human dignity and social exclusion. The first part covers definitions of the terms involved (precariat, human dignity), while the second discusses three selected films that explore the subject above.