Poprzez proinkluzywne postawy wobec uczniów z mniejszości oraz uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi nauczyciele przyczyniają się do ich akceptacji przez społeczność większościową. Nie tylko za granicą, ale także w Republice Słowackiej skład kulturowy populacji uległ zmianie i wciąż się zmienia z powodu migracji. W swoich klasach nauczyciele edukują uczniów z różnych kultur, których język ojczysty różni się od języka, w którym prowadzona jest edukacja. Na podstawie literatury wydaje się, że duża liczba przyszłych oraz aktywnych nauczycieli jest wciąż niewystarczająco przygotowana do pracy z kulturowo i językowo zróżnicowanymi uczniami (Flores and Smith, 2008, za: Vázquez- -Montilla Just and Triscari, 2014). Na podstawie analizy wyników PISA 2009 (OECD, 2010c), można stwierdzić, że osiągnięcia uczniów o pochodzeniu imigracyjnym, z kulturowo i językowo odmiennych środowisk, w międzynarodowych testach warunkowane są również ich umiejętnością radzenia sobie z wypełnianiem tego typu testów. W artykule zaprezentowano cele projektu badawczego, skoncentrowanego na uchwyceniu stosunku studentów edukacji przed- i wczesnoszkolnej do zróżnicowania kulturowego i językowego w edukacji.

The study was conducted to explore teachers’ attitudes towards reflective practice in public and private sector at the higher secondary level. Objectives of the study were to investigate teachers’ attitude about the need for reflective practice in teaching and to explore teachers’ attitudes towards the use of reflective practice for understanding students’ learning difficulties. It was a descriptive study done in the Pakistani context. For this purpose, the researcher developed a questionnaire to find out teachers’ attitudes towards reflective practice. Data was collected through the stratified random sampling technique from 300 teachers teaching higher secondary classes of private and public sector higher secondary schools/ colleges. The analysis of the data was made by applying mean, SD (standard deviation), t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) through SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). The findings showed that teachers of both the public and private sectors did not realize the need for reflective practice at the higher secondary level for understanding students’ learning difficulties. It was recommended that teachers of the public and private sector may be aware of reflective practice through training programs. Strategies of reflective practice are supposed to be used by teachers in the teaching learning process. It is suggested that reflective practice may be mentioned in the syllabus of the training course. The findings of the presented study have implication for teachers and curriculum developers of professional development programs.

The text deals with teachers’ attitudes and opinions of the transformation of the Czech schools. It answers the following question: Which are the risky factors for current teachers to be able to adopt the concept of the integrated teaching process and to be able to get rid of residue of the encyclopaedic approach to the teaching process in Czech schools. Teachers’ attitudes and their connection with reflection of their work and their self-reflection are defined briefly. The author describes research problems, questions, hypotheses and aims of the research realised in 20 schools in the city of Ostrava and its neighbourhood within the Research Project of our organisation named New Opportunities in Education of Teachers, Educators and Pupils for the Learning Society of the 21st Century (VZO CEZ: JOB/98: 174500001) during the years 2000– 2003. She interprets results of this research and conclusions following from it for the pedagogical practice.

Recently, there has been an intense increase in interest in brain research findings among education professionals. In response to the needs of teachers, a number of proposals have appeared on the market, which are in fact so-called neuromyths, i.e. theories or methods, with an unclear theoretical basis and unproven effectiveness. Despite this, they are widely used in many countries. The purpose of the article is to check whether the obtained results will be related to the specific socio-economic situation of a given country. The study included 171 teachers from Poland and Israel. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire that had already been used for this purpose in other countries. The results indicate that the factor significantly differentiating the studied groups, was the place of residence. Polish teachers scored better on questions about facts of brain structure, but were more likely to believe false claims involving eating sweet things, brain neuroplasticity or the need to drink water. Israeli teachers, on the other hand, were more likely to accept as true false claims related to bilingualism, to simultaneous stimulating both the left and right hemisphere, to giving children a lot of educational toys, doing multitasking and using media. This may be a result of socioeconomic and cultural differences, concerning, among other things, the use of scientific publications, media or university subjects.