- Author:
Robert Reczkowski
- E-mail:
r.reczkowski@wp.pl
- Institution:
Centrum Doktryn i Szkolenia Sił Zbrojnych w Bydgoszczy
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-5090
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
243-256
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/siip202012
- PDF:
siip/19/siip1912.pdf
Zarówno dezinformacja, jak i propaganda nie są działaniami nowymi, ale towarzyszą społeczeństwom praktycznie od samego ich powstania. Co więcej, ich użyteczność w działaniach państw potwierdzają nie tylko liczne przykłady historyczne, ale również te, których jesteśmy obecnie świadkami i są ściśle związane z rozprzestrzenianiem się pandemii COVID-19. Artykuł jest próbą zdefi niowania i opisania nie tylko rosyjskiego ekosystemu dezinformacji i propagandy w dobie pandemii, ale również próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób różne fi lary tego ekosystemu odgrywają różne role, wzajemnie się zasilają oraz wzmacniają.
- Author:
Magdalena Mikołajczyk
- Institution:
Pedagogical University of Kraków
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
63-76
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.71.04
- PDF:
apsp/71/apsp7104.pdf
The aim of the paper is to present strategies for minimising negative effects of the crisis caused by COVID-19 by state authorities of non-European countries in the first months after the announcement of the pandemic. The focus is on employment and labour market policy instruments. The research is comparative in its nature and was conducted using the desk research and discourse analysis methods. The source/unit in the analysis were the rapid assessments of the employment impacts of COVID-19 submitted to the International Labour Organisation. The study did not cover European Union Member States. Among the instruments and countermeasures typical of employment and labour market policies, few innovative solutions were identified, tailored to local specifics and taking into account the effects of the pandemic – the ecological crisis and the emergence of technological unemployment. The results achieved implicate a number of further questions relevant for public policy research. Research shows that COVID-19 contributes to deepening of the polarisation of society and existing labour market policy instruments in countries will not be sufficient to stop social exclusion due to unemployment especially in countries with a predominantly informal economy. Meanwhile, a category of people has emerged, due to the suspension of business activities and internal migration, whose status is also “suspended” (liminal) between work and unemployment.
- Author:
Maciej Onasz
- Institution:
University of Łódź
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-1253
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
188-210
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/athena.2021.72.11
- PDF:
apsp/72/apsp7211.pdf
This paper provides an assessment of the possibility of maintaining the democratic quality of the electoral process held under extraordinary conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. This is part of the considerations on the quality of democracy and its resistance to crisis conditions. The study was conducted using Andreas Schedler’s Chain of Democratic Choice. It covers both a general perspective and a case study of the election of the President of Poland, lasting from March to May 2020 and finally and effectively interrupted only on May 6 – 4 days before the vote. The adopted perspective makes it possible to identify and assess the potential and actual threats to maintaining the democratic nature of the election process at all its stages. Possible technical solutions that may counteract the reduction of the democratic level of the election process at individual stages have also been indicated.
- Author:
Bartosz Kozicki
- E-mail:
bartosz.kozicki@wat.edu.pl
- Institution:
Military University of Technology
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-952X
- Author:
Jarosław Zelkowski
- E-mail:
jaroslaw.zelkowski@wat.edu.pl
- Institution:
Military University of Technology
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-2938
- Author:
Szymon Mitkow
- E-mail:
szymon.mitkow@wat.edu.pl
- Institution:
Military University of Technology
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-2589
- Author:
Mariusz Gontarczyk
- E-mail:
mgontarczyk@wat.edu.pl
- Institution:
Military University of Technology
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1512-4092
- Published online:
17 December 2021
- Final submission:
12 November 2021
- Printed issue:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Page no:
8
- Pages:
61-68
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202204
- PDF:
ppsy/51/ppsy202204_5.pdf
The study attempts to forecast military expenditure in Saudi Arabia for 2020. The research began with a comparative analysis of military expenditure in Saudi Arabia and Russia between 2000–2019. For this purpose, bar charts were used on which the calculated values of the dynamics indices with a fixed (2000) and movable (previous year) base of the considered primary data were outlined. The study was preceded by constructing a multiple regression model to evaluate the impact of the increase in military expenditure in Russia on Saudi Arabia. This model shows that as military spending in Russia increases by one million dollars, military spending in Saudi Arabia increases by $ 0.085 million. Then, data on the expenditure incurred by both analyzed countries in 2020, obtained from various internet sources, was outlined. Their analysis made it possible to select only qualitative methods in the form of expert opinions for the forecast. Saudi Arabia's military expenditure forecast was $ 57 500 million.
- Author:
Krzysztof Grajewski
- E-mail:
krzysztof.grajewski@ug.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Gdański
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8691-5150
- Author:
Aleksandra Szydzik
- E-mail:
aleksandra.szydzik@ug.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Gdański
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-859X
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
123-136
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.05.09
- PDF:
ppk/63/ppk6309.pdf
Parliamentary inviolability and COVID-19
The article is devoted to the relationship between the institution of parliamentary inviolability and certain measures used to prevent or combat infectious diseases, including COVID- 19. Article 105 sec. 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland prohibits deprivation or restriction of freedom of a member of parliament without the consent of the competent chamber, except his apprehension in the act of committing a crime and if a detention is necessary to ensure the proper course of the proceedings. At the same time, anti-epidemic regulations relating, inter alia, to COVID-19, provides for the possibility to apply measures such as quarantine, home isolation or forced hospitalization that appear to conflict with constitutional regulation of parliamentary inviolability. Furthermore, the law foresees a possibility to apply direct coercion to people resisting the application of such measures. The authors, relying on the concept of assessing the value of legally protected goods, developed by Constitutional Tribunal, conclude that, despite the lack of an explicit constitutional regulation in this regard, it is possible to apply anti-epidemic regulations to members of the Polish parliament. In this case, values such as human life and health prevail over the legal good protected by the institution of parliamentary inviolability.
- Author:
Maria Lewandowska
- E-mail:
maria-lewandowska@o2.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-7181
- Author:
Michał Dahl
- E-mail:
dahl.michal@gmail.com
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-2648
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
137-149
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.05.10
- PDF:
ppk/63/ppk6310.pdf
COVID-19 and the legislative process – meetings of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland of the 9th term
The article is an attempt to determine to what extent the topic of the COVID-19 pandemic dominated the deliberations of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland during the year from its occurrence. The beginning of the analysis was determined by the day on which the issue of the pandemic was first raised at the parliamentary session (i.e. March 2nd, 2020). According to the hypothesis, at least 50% of the issues raised during the parliamentary sessions will concern aspects related to the fight against the coronavirus. The analysis showed that the topic of the COVID-19 pandemic accounted for slightly more than 20% of all issues. The study was conducted using content analysis.
- Author:
Roman Uliasz
- E-mail:
ruliasz@ur.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-1941
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
175-189
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.05.13
- PDF:
ppk/63/ppk6313.pdf
Freedom of business and the COVID-19 pandemic. Remarks in the context of the prohibition to violate the essence of rights and freedoms laid down in Article 31(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the years 2020–21 have seen a significant number of restrictions of constitutional rights and freedoms, including those concerning the freedom of business. It is a matter of dispute if such severe limitations are in line with Article 31(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland which prohibits, between others, to violate the essence of rights and freedoms. From the author’s perspective there is a strong argument that the COVID-19 legislation aimed to limit the freedom of business for epidemical reasons is in fact contrary to the principle laid down in Article 31(3) of the Constitution.
- Author:
Lidia Kaliszczak
- E-mail:
lkaliszczak@ur.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-1352
- Author:
Ewelina Rabiej
- E-mail:
erabiej@ur.edu.pl
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-5217
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
191-201
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.05.14
- PDF:
ppk/63/ppk6314.pdf
The constitutional principle of economic freedom and COVID-19 – interventionism in the pandemic situation
The purpose of the article is to analyse the concept of economic freedom as a constitutional right in Poland, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to synthetically evaluate the intervention actions taken by government in the economic area – their nature and scope. Descriptive analysis and statistical data analysis of the economic impact of the pandemic were used. The research work points to the intensification of state interventionism while limiting economic freedom. This phenomenon, seemingly negative, should be assessed positively, because the actions taken by government actually limit the multidimensional consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Author:
Agata Ludera-Ruszel
- E-mail:
aruszel@ur.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Rzeszow
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-5884
- Author:
Karol Piękoś
- E-mail:
kpiekos@ur.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Rzeszow
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4545-5909
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
317-327
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.06.25
- PDF:
ppk/64/ppk6425.pdf
The reaction of the Polish government to the COVID-19 pandemic was the undertaking of numerous actions, which resulted in restrictions in running a business activity. The made decisions gave rise to controversies due to the scale of restrictions despite failure to implement any of the constitutional states of emergency. The article presents an analysis of the scale of restrictions set during the first wave of the pandemic, and an attempt was made to compare their scope with solutions envisioned for the state of emergency.
- Author:
Krzysztof Urbaniak
- E-mail:
krzysztof_urbaniak@wp.pl
- Institution:
Adam Mickiewicz University
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-8924
- Author:
Monika Urbaniak
- E-mail:
monika.urbaniak@ump.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Medical Sciences
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-7750
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
329-340
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2021.06.26
- PDF:
ppk/64/ppk6426.pdf
The fight against a pandemic, which is a form of natural disaster, is always connected with limiting constitutional freedoms and human and civil rights. Due to the emergence of the coronavirus epidemic in Poland, a number of legal regulations have been adopted to combat it. The adopted regulations are restrictive and significantly limit the exercise of constitutionally guaranteed freedoms and rights. This article analyzes the limitations of rights and freedoms introduced during the pandemic in Poland, and in particular the manner of their implementation, and assesses the process from the point of view of violating the basic standards of human rights protection. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that despite the substantive justification of many restrictions, the manner of their introduction violates the basic standards of human rights protection and raises fundamental doubts from the point of view of the compliance of the introduced solutions with the Constitution.
- Author:
Rita Vaičekauskaitė
- E-mail:
rita.vaicekauskaite@ku.lt
- Institution:
Klaipeda University
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-5692
- Author:
Jon Stewart
- Institution:
Slovak Academy of Sciences
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-5558
- Author:
Lina Gedrimė
- Institution:
Klaipeda University
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-1524
- Author:
Jurgita Babarskienė
- Institution:
LCC International University
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-1899
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
187-211
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2021.04.11
- PDF:
kie/134/kie13411.pdf
The COVID-19 pandemic is recognized as one of the most dramatic global health, social, and economic crises of the last decades, and maybe the whole century. Therefore, it is obvious that there is a need to examine the constructs of new thinking, new ways of life, and new behavior, which will help people not only to overcome the pandemic but also to build a future after it. The words isolation, quarantine, social distancing, lockdown, masks, antibodies, and zoom meeting quickly became the keywords of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, which is based on an analysis of the scientific literature and interviews, we ask whether new behavioral patterns such as social distancing, mask-wearing, online communication, and others might become the “new normal”. However, what might be perceived as the “new normal” to some, may seem like social absurdity to others. Thus, with an open-minded approach, we analyze the “new normal” as a complex, controversial, and evolving concept.
- Author:
Marko Radovan
- E-mail:
marko.radovan@ff.uni-lj.si
- Institution:
University of Ljubljana
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-9201
- Author:
Sonja Klemenčič
- Institution:
Slovenian Institute for Adult Education
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-9887
- Author:
Tanja Možina
- Institution:
Slovenian Institute for Adult Education
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-3468
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
212-228
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2021.04.12
- PDF:
kie/134/kie13412.pdf
This paper presents the results of a study that explored the experiences of adult educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. This online survey was conducted in June 2020 and included directors and teachers in adult education from various institutions in Slovenia. Tutors at Slovenian Third-Age Universities and other associations that provided adult education were also included. The aim of our study was to examine how distance education was implemented during the pandemic, using the concept of ‘emergency remote teaching’ (Hodges, 2020). The study sample included 30 directors of adult education institutions and 124 teachers or tutors. The results showed that organisations providing adult education responded during the lockdown by providing adults with the opportunity to continue their education through distance learning. However, this was not the case for all of adult education programmes. Mostly language courses and formal education were offered. The results show that most adult educators quickly adapted to the new working conditions, but that teaching approaches were rather static and asynchronous teaching solutions. An analysis of the problems teachers faced and the support they needed has shown that action is needed to remove the obstacles to the future provision of adult education as much as possible.
- Author:
Małgorzata Skowrońska
- E-mail:
m.kowalski@ipp.uz.zgora.pl
- Institution:
University of Zielona Góra
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-8258
- Author:
Urszula Abłażewicz-Górnicka
- Institution:
Pedagogical University of Kraków
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1557
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
40-49
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2021.02.03
- PDF:
kie/132/kie13203.pdf
According to official statistics, older people are particularly vulnerable to severe illness. Especially those who suffer from frail health are more likely to have deadly coronavirus infection than other age groups. For sure, age and preexisting medical conditions are significant indicators of vulnerability risk to severe infection, but old age interact with many other factors that may render the elderly at risk. The important implication is that the options available to older people are contingent upon inequalities. Some of them will eventually face common difficulties later in life, while others will face the same problems but do it alone with few resources. In other words, aging itself is a stratified process. Disease impacts are not random, nor are the burdens of disease carried equally by all members of affected populations. The consequences of the disease most often heavily affect those who are in a socially vulnerable position.
- Author:
Paweł Topol
- E-mail:
topol@amu.edu.pl
- Institution:
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-7214
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
96-111
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2021.02.07
- PDF:
kie/132/kie13207.pdf
The main goal of the text is to collect conclusions from the experiences of educators and researchers with regard to various aspects of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions were collected on the basis of the author’s own experience and the selected source literature. The article consists of two parts: “Conclusions from Polish literature” and “Conclusions from foreign literature”. As the article presents mainly the Polish perspective, the first part is significantly longer than the second one. Part One deals with such issues as: the model of distance learning, the time of pandemic as a crisis situation, priorities in distance education in conditions of isolation, the issue of isolation, and some principles of assessment, among others. The university e-learning platform was also discussed as an example. Part Two addresses such issues as: seven lessons from the pandemic, effectiveness of online testing, psychological aspects regarding a student and a teacher, and augmented reality in distance education during COVID-19.
- Author:
Marcin Kolemba
- E-mail:
m.kolemba@uwb.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Białystok
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-8672
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
131-143
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2021.02.09
- PDF:
kie/132/kie13209.pdf
The article presents the results of research carried out during the first wave of restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research covered students of high schools - 275 students of schools from Białystok and Bielsk Podlaski, ages 16-19. The goal of the study was to investigate the relationship of the grit factor with the functioning of young people in a specific situation - remote learning, combined with additional, burdensome limitations in the public space. The sphere of learning and physical activity were the main areas of functioning that were researched in the study. The study used an original, author’s questionnaire to measure the functioning of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides this scale, also used were the Duckworth Short Grit Scale (SGS) (Polish adaptation by Wyszyńska et al., 2017) and the Cantril mental well-being scale (Cantril, 1965). The study displayed positive relationships between grit and the amount of time devoted to learning in remote mode, with regularity in maintaining the rhythm of the day (getting up at a similar time, taking up physical activity) and mental well-being.
- Author:
Paweł Ślaski
- E-mail:
pawel.slaski@wat.edu.pl
- Institution:
Military University of Technology
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1950-9910
- Author:
Małgorzata Grzelak
- E-mail:
malgorzata.grzelak@wat.edu.pl
- Institution:
Military University of Technology
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-7098
- Published online:
30 December 2021
- Final submission:
19 November 2021
- Printed issue:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Page no:
21
- Pages:
57-77
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202208
- PDF:
ppsy/51/ppsy202208_4.pdf
The article consists of two parts. The first part describes the essence of the national security system and its structure. Using the Ishikawa diagram and the value chain, the authors presented the shortcomings of the national security system and a sequence of actions that can improve it. The second part of the article is devoted to material stocks and their role in the analyzed system. The survey research presented in this part of the article confirmed the importance of material stockpiles in ensuring national security. In addition, the research highlighted the need for government organizations to cooperate in the continuous replenishment of material stocks during a crisis.
- Author:
Yoppy Wahyu Purnomo
- E-mail:
yoppy.wahyu@uny.ac.id
- Institution:
Universitas Negeri Yogtakarta
- Author:
Eni Safitri
- E-mail:
enisafitri.2018@student.uny.ac.id
- Institution:
Universitas Negeri Yogtakarta
- Author:
Nur Rohmah
- E-mail:
nur811fip.2018@student.uny.ac.id
- Institution:
Universitas Negeri Yogtakarta
- Author:
Rizki Dwi Rahmawati
- E-mail:
rizki124fip.2018@student.uny.ac.id
- Institution:
Universitas Negeri Yogtakarta
- Author:
Nor’Arifahwati Abbas
- E-mail:
norarifahwati.abbas@ubd.edu.bn
- Institution:
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
120-130
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.21.66.4.10
- PDF:
tner/202104/tner6610.pdf
In learning mathematics online, parental involvement and student engagement are very crucial for student learning development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parental involvement and student engagement in online mathematics learning. The participants of this study were 251 students in fourth and fifth grade from five elementary schools in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study employed a cross-sectional survey to achieve the research objectives. The research instruments used in this study were two sets of questionnaires: on parental involvement and student engagement adapted from previous research. This study’s findings indicated a significant relationship between parental involvement and student engagement in the online mathematics learning. The need to maximize the role of parents in learning mathematics online is the key to success in bringing students to be actively involved cognitively, socially, and emotionally.
- Author:
Piotr Błajet
- E-mail:
pblajet@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
- Author:
Beata Przyborowska
- E-mail:
bprzyborowska@umk.pl
- Institution:
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
134-148
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.21.65.3.11
- PDF:
tner/202103/tner6511.pdf
The aim of the presented research results was to diagnose changes in leisure time behaviours in the situation of the Covid-19 epidemic. The acquired knowledge about changing leisure time behaviour will be used to develop programmes to promote leisure time activity for students during and after the pandemic. The respondents used the Jay B. Nash model of leisure time, which indicates 4 levels of positive use of leisure time and also includes 2 negative levels, i.e. excesses and crime. We assume that the change in leisure time behaviours during the pandemic may consist in creating more valuable forms of activity, giving not so much pleasure but satisfaction (e.g. pursuing interests, creative activity). We also assume that as a result of these changes a sense of spending time in a valuable and meaningful way during the pandemic (building health, feeling satisfied) will be created, which may result in the permanence of the behavioural changes that have occurred, which may become new health and leisure time habits.
- Author:
Alicja Gałązka
- E-mail:
a.galaska@wp.pl
- Institution:
University of Silesia in Katowice
- Author:
Joanna Jarosz
- E-mail:
jjarosz1612@gmail.com
- Institution:
University of Silesia in Katowice
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
39-49
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.21.64.2.03
- PDF:
tner/202102/tner6403.pdf
The coronavirus pandemic has turned out to be the biggest challenge the modern educational systems across the world have ever faced. Many teachers observed as their well-being plummeted as they started to overwhelmingly worry about the health of their families, as they were facing confusing instructions, unclear expectations or technical difficulties. The purpose of this qualitative study is to diagnose the role of educational coaching in stimulating the well-being of teachers during the pandemic of COVID-19. The results indicate that educational coaching can help teachers improve their well-being during the pandemic when teachers need to change their role - from classroom to remote - and succeed under a new set of circumstances.
- Author:
Valentina Gavranović
- E-mail:
vgavranovic@singidunum.ac.rs
- Institution:
Singidunum University
- Author:
Marijana Prodanović
- E-mail:
mprodanovic@singidunum.ac.rs
- Institution:
Singidunum University
- Year of publication:
2021
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
188-197
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.21.64.2.15
- PDF:
tner/202102/tner6415.pdf
This paper reports on the results of interviews conducted with ESP teachers examining their attitudes towards different aspects of online language teaching. The aim of this case study is to investigate how confident the teachers feel while teaching online in synchronous mode and to examine whether this emotive attitude is in correlation with their prior experience in both formal and informal online environments. It also aims to establish correlations between the respondents‘ attitudes towards the degree of difficulties and challenges pertaining to teaching all language skills in an online education context. The findings derived from the analysis of the respondents‘ answers point out to the need to investigate the possibilities offered by digital technologies in order to help learners enhance their language skills and competencies.