The article presents the essence of the sustainability concept in the light of literature, including history and development in later years, and definitions published by scientists from Poland and the rest of the world. This publication also presents a study on the rapid growth in popularity of this concept in the world and examples of implementation of sustainability in companies.

How to Represent War.

The hybrid warfare going on in Donbass has had consequences on the informational and cultural spheres in Ukraine. It is a war for influence where Ukraine cannot adequately confront Russia because it does not have the necessary recourses and a developed media culture. The number of literary works about the war published in the last few years show that Ukrainian writers want to challenge the discourse on war. Between 2014 and 2016 numerous novels, stories, essays, reports, and poems were published by such writers as Halyna Vdovychenko, Yevhen Polozhiy, Sergei Lozko, and Vladyslav Ivchenko. These authors try to show all the horror of the war and the changing attitudes and consciousness of Ukrainians. The issue of forming a new Ukrainian collective identity is reflected in contemporary literature.

“Grandma Austria”, Polonia rediviva and the traps of destiny. Tadeusz Kudliński’s tricky interlinear gloss on post-Partitions history – The Grabowski Saga

This paper is an interpretation of Poland’s post-Partitions history as depicted in The Grabowski Saga, a story by Tadeusz Kudliński (1980). The focus is on the attitudes of the conservative Galician landed gentry to insurrectionary ideas.

The Writers of ‘Fionda’: Considerations on Publishing Children’s Literature in Croatia

A small community of Italians lives in Croatia, mainly in the area of Istria and in the city of Rijeka, in a multi-ethnic and multicultural environment of history and tradition. The national Italian community in Croatia has an autochthonous presence and tries to preserve its own national and cultural identity. This is done especially through intense and polyhedral artistic activity, ranging from literature to theatre and music, from painting to sculpture, and from photography to design. In 1952, in order to keep up with the cultural development of this community, the publishing house EDIT (EDizioni ITaliane) was founded. In Croatia and abroad, it publishes and promotes books dedicated to Italian authors from Istria and Rijeka, with a series focused on memoirs; modern and contemporary fiction; poetry; and literature for children and youth. Thus, it supports the literary creativity of the writers living in this area. In order to address childhood, EDIT started a junior series called “La Fionda” in 2005, with the mere intention of pointing out the ludic dimension of books and of rousing the imagination of young readers. This article examines the connection of this series to literature for young readers through the analysis of the works of the authors promoted by “La Fionda,” positioning these authors in the socio-historical environment in which they were working. The series expressly attempted to conduct a linguistic investigation linked to artistic and literary reflections within these publications.

Surviving in the “Inferno”: a legacy of Calvino

the present study aims to highlight two survival strategies in the “inferno of the living” that emerge from the analysis of Invisible Cities: lightness and gaze. the value of lightness is visible in the “thin cities”, which share a fragile architecture, the contrary reaction opposing the heaviness of living, the distance from the ground. “the hidden cities”, in turn, provide the motive for a reflection (a lecture) on gaze, with the aim of training the gaze to “recognize that which is not hell”: the happy city inside the unhappy city. In Invisible Cities, Calvino’s gaze still has an ethical and civic function (present in The Day of a Scrutineer). this function, however, will give way to the epistemic and scientific function of Mr. Palomar (from The Cosmicomics onwards), whose eye is exclusively concerned with measuring the limits of knowledge, which never extends, in a revealing way, from the natural world to the human world. thirty years after Calvino’s death, amongst the many legacies leftby his multifaceted literary work, we can recover the ethical and civic dimension expressed by the values of lightness and gaze.

Preliminary Data on Linguistic Reduplication in the Literary Language of Vigatese: The Adjectives’ Reduplication between Diegesis and Mimesis

The article presents the results of research on linguistic reduplication in Vigatese, the literary language invented by writer Andrea Camilleri. This is an aspect of Camilleri’s storytelling that is often noted by scholars but that has not yet received a dedicated study. The research is conducted on the corpus of 101 texts starring Salvo Montalbano—composed of 29 novels and 72 short stories published between 1994 and 2020—within which about 300 different reduplication forms and more than 2,200 total occurrences have been recorded. Here, the data on the expressive reduplication with adjectives are given: 64 forms with 379 total occurrences analysed for different literary scales, at sentence level and paragraph level. The collocations within the corpus, the possible spelling variations, and whether the use is in mimesis or diegesis are restored. The methodological approach is of a mixed-methods nature: a digitally assisted text analysis (DATA) following the concept of scalable reading (Mueller, 2014) follows the traditional close-reading analysis. A second analysis of the data on the diegetic and mimetic axis was carried out. The results obtained were then used for a data-driven comparison conducted on the corpus of all of Giovanni Verga’s narrative works. These initial results show that three out of every four reduplications are a diegetic recurrence. Despite the extensive use of mimesis in the texts, the true orality of Camillerian storytelling seems to reside elsewhere. This research is part of a broader study of all narrative texts under the general hypothesis that the formal equivalents of the writer’s popularity are to be found in the repetitiveness that was originally, and perhaps too hastily, criticised.

Someone Did Not Close the Jar – A Picture of a Pandemic in Modern Russian Literature

Mankind has survived many plagues. Advances in science, including medicine and pharmacy, have resulted in many once deadly diseases elimination. Before this happened, the plagues had decimated the countryside and cities. Even the richest and most influential citizens were unable to protect themselves and their relatives from inevitable death. Lying at the junction of Europe and Asia, Russia also was plagued by epidemics, which found artistic reflection in art and literature. The topic of the pandemic remains relevant. There will probably be many more of its literary versions. The article is only a contribution to deeper literary research and analysis. Each of the mentioned authors paints the portrait of “plague” from a different perspective, which makes the topic more interesting, multifaceted, and also testifies to the wide scale of the phenomenon and its impact on contemporary Russian literature. Over time, the list of appeals will be expanded, but today these seem to be the most representative.

Italian Literature in Polish Schools: Pinocchio forever?

This article presents aspects of the way Pinocchio is known and understood in Poland, based on the availability and use of Italian literature in primary and secondary schools in that country since the Second World War. It focuses on the paratexts and contexts of the last two translations of Collodi’s masterpiece, particularly the translation by Jarosław Mikołajewski with illustrations by Roberto Innocenti, published in 2011.

My paper deals with the significance of introducing the cultural component in foreign language teaching as well as the necessity of developing young people’s sensitivity to culture, especially to art and literature. In the article, the basic definitions and relevant terms connected with culture are discussed, according to the current status of glottodidactic knowledge. The question of how and to what extent should the cultural component be introduced in the school is also raised. Moreover, the aims of teaching cultural elements as well as their role and importance in foreign language learning are presented. In the final part of the text I describe an example of a practical pedagogical application of the cultural component, which can be used during English classes. This crosscultural studies project consists of three lessons, focused on a chosen aspect of British culture, namely the creation of two representatives of the 18thcentury art and literature. The presentation of this project supports the thesis that the combination of teaching language together with cultural elements is possible. It also serves as an example of how to achieve this aim and, simultaneously, how to make lessons both educational and untypical, which means more entertaining for the students. All in all, the aim of the article is to emphasise the need for aesthetic education as well as to raise teachers’ and educators’ awareness of the aforementioned problem.

The category of visualisation in literary studies – the interdisciplinary aspect

The concept of “visuality” describes the image of the channels of perception presented in different forms. The text has visual features, due to the content, but also due to its symbolic, sign system. Philologists have been dwelling on the idea of the “visual” ability of a language, by means of fiction, which singles out the existence of pictorial art forms such as landscape, portrait and sculpture. The great interest in the category of visualization is said to be because of modern types of communication. The aim of this article is to review some aspects of the category of visualization, in its current state and its representation in the art of the modernist’s era. The category of visualization covers a wide range of concepts, such as creolized texts, some semiotic studies, intermedialism, iconic texts, the theory of ekphrasis and hypotyposis. It was established that the “escalation” of the image role has led to the need to highlight the concept of “visuality” within modern linguistics. Visual thinking is interpreted as a kind of non-classical rationality. At the moment, philologists know a wide range of concepts that include the term “visual”. For example: visual culturology, visual political science, visual sociology, visual anthropology, the theory of visual communications. We found out, that the modernist era, puts emphasis on the elusiveness, the mystery, the enigma and on the undeciphered inner, so that the hidden meaning was increased. It was believed that all references suitable for perception by the human eye are codes that hide an eternally existing idea. Such a visual presentation allows the recipient to understand the essence of the work on an intuitive level. Symbolism was an integral part of modernism. For optimal study of visualsm, a hypothetical-deductive method was used to get acquainted with the existing materials at this stage of development. Modernism is a set of artistic trends in the art of the second half of the nineteenth – mid-twentieth century. Its supporters were inclined to believe that life forms in the twentieth century exhausted themselves, and the periods that were considered successful for realism were in fact epochs of decline. The new literary phenomenon of the time was called modernism, and the search for positive ideal images began, in contrast to the destruction of public opinion and the crisis that appeared in the place of past ideas. Modernism has destroyed all ties with traditional aesthetics and the ideals of the past. At the same time, the visual aspect of modernism became a mixture of two oppositions the visual and the written text.

Didacticism and Morality in Azerbaijan Children’s Literature

The development of children’s literature dates back to the 18th century in England. The distinctive feature of children’s literature is that it benefits from the folklore of nations. Children’s literature is diverse in content and how to properly express different concepts. Regarding this, writing and criticising children’s literature appear challenging as they have a distinctive nature. The purpose of writing children’s literature is to educate them early and nurture good values since all of them shape their characters. Although there are many significant factors to evaluate in children’s literature, age and plot are always the centres of discussion. Age is considered essential in children’s literature, meaning that it determines the way of transmitting information, the word choice, and the theme for the suitable age. When it comes to the plot, different nuances, ranging from the writer’s insight and approach and the period in the written material is produced, affect topics in children’s literature. Considering that poetic feeling in children is higher and can be compared with writers’ and poets’ creativity, reading children’s books contributes to creativity, cognitive ability, and critical thinking. Therefore, children’s literature is rich in diverse topics and genres. However, as time changes, culture and morals also shift gradually, and because of this, children are believed to lose interest in the previous children’s literature. Environmental issues, technological innovations, etc., attract their attention. The emergence and development of Azerbaijan children’s literature are directly linked to the occurrence of a national enlightenment ideology. Preserving the mother tongue and the nation’s spiritual need for education conditioned this literature’s necessity. Azerbaijan children’s literature is also rich and diverse in terms of the mentioned factors. The triggering factor which encouraged enlightened writers to write children’s books in the second half of the twentieth century was the need for national poetry books and native language textbooks. Azerbaijan children’s literature has distinctive features because Azerbaijan is a multicultural and multireligious country, leading to cultural diversity and tolerance development. In Azerbaijan children’s literature, the importance of cultural and moral values such as kindness, honesty, sincerity, etc., is depicted uniquely. In terms of this, folklore, as an integral part of children’s literature, plays a crucial role in teaching moral values and preserving cultural and artistic treasures. Different genres in children’s literature instil humane characteristics in human beings, such as generosity, kindness, etc.

Pride of those who suffered innocently. The genocide of Armenians in Turkey

In the article shown genocide of Armenians in Turkey in 1915 and and the picture of pogroms of Armenians who is found in the composition „Choucas: an international novel” by Zofia Nałkowska (1884–1954). She is regarded as a pioneer of the psychological novel in Poland. Set in the Swiss Alps, her novel „Choucas” (1927) reflects the author’s experience of a sanatoria village in the mountains above Lake Geneva, where she stayed from February to April 1925, and the international community she encountered there, including Armenian survivors of the genocide placed there by the Swiss Red Cross. In this text c read fragments of Genocide placed in the creation of the Zofia Nałkowska. Elements of the tragedy of the Armenians and the genocide perpetrated by the Turks in 1915 can be found in the logs of the author and her work „Choucas: an international novel” based on the meeting with Armenian refugees from Turkish pogroms who stay on treatment in a sanatorium in Switzerland.

Attitudes of five-six year old children in preschool education towards cultural diversity in the cognitive component, stimulated by creative intersemiotic translation of a literary text

The article presents an original study based on the perspectives on diversity, not solely cultural but also diversity of the disabled and beyond the canon of corporeality. The conducted studies provided an answer to the question: Did the method of intersemiotic translation in transcoding the content of literary works on intercultural and inclusive topics into the language of theatre and visual arts impact the change of attitude towards cultural diversity? In the course of this pedagogical experiment, supplemented with survey and observation techniques, the attitudes of five – and six-year-old children (the experimental group, first and second control group) towards differences in the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components were distinguished. The method of intersemiotic translation implemented in an experimental group, leading to the division of children’s attitudes towards people who are different, as well as the acquired knowledge about otherness and discovering literary texts, developed methods for formulating accurate results in children. The results obtained are of great importance for intercultural education and carry great value, because the conducted experiment and the intercultural texts used aroused children’s interest in otherness, allowed them to understand it and understand that there is no alien thing that could not become their own.

Scientists were interested in better patient care and sought the best measures to achieve this goal. One path is through incorporating humanities into medical and healthcare practitioners’ education. The really big idea is that one studies humanities to become a better human, and while there are a billion reasons to study humanities, this paper focuses on how, through art and humanities, people can comprehend health, illness, and disability, namely how literature can be used to raise awareness about Alzheimer’s disease. This paper introduces the notion of medical and health humanities, briefly summarises their beginning, and how, so far, the applied literature in health sciences has been used. Next, the idea is illustrated in the example of Lisa Genova’s novel Still Alice. This part analyses how sickness and its impact on people’s lives is portrayed. Finally, the article proposes an original mode of application to acquire a deeper insight into illnesses, well-being, and pain that might be fostered in future healthcare providers, as well as a better understanding of patients and their caregivers.

The Problem of Hybridity, Dual Consciousness and Self-Identification in Lahiri’s Novel Namesake

The present study explores the problem of the concepts of hybridity, dual consciousness, and, accordingly, self-identification and its multidimensional manifestations in Lahiri’s work Namesake. Notably, the writer delves deeply into the cultural encounters of diasporic and colonial subjects in his movement between the binary opposite of East and West. Based on the opinions of post-colonial researchers such as Yang, Baba, and others, hybridity and dual consciousness appear to be a prototype of the consequences of the experience of displacement and social exclusion. Consequently, Gogol’s problem is characteristic of the coexistence of the Eastern diaspora and colonised peoples with other Western peoples. This article concludes that hybridity, dual consciousness and the search for identity are fundamental concepts in post-colonial literature, representing a boundary model between the Western and non-Western worlds.

The Literary Achievements of Israel in the 20th and 21st Centuries. Profiles of the Writers. Reconnaissance

This article is devoted to the brief history of Israeli literature and the outstanding representatives of this field over several decades. Mentioned here are selected authors of the 20th and 21st centuries, remembered as creators of contemporary Israeli literature, whose rich output covered important themes for their country. Each of them has won literary prizes for their work and made their mark in the history of world literature.