In American legal historiography, the debate concerning the exact contours and reforms of the Progressive Era is still ongoing. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the American reform movements tried to match American ideals with the challenges of the times. Although progressive attitudes toward the economy, taxation, foreign policy, labor law, social standards, human rights, women’s suffrage, rapid urbanization and unrestricted immigration highlighted the necessity of reforms, such progress was seen from a variety of perspectives. We may ask the question if American legal thought that time was really progressive. The jurisprudence of the U.S. Supreme Court profoundly influenced the shape of the legal order in economic and labor law. Unfortunately, some decisions were not compatible with the visions of progressive reformers and reflected the ideological attitudes of the justices rather than an aspiration for reform.

The reaction of the Polish government to the COVID-19 pandemic was the undertaking of numerous actions, which resulted in restrictions in running a business activity. The made decisions gave rise to controversies due to the scale of restrictions despite failure to implement any of the constitutional states of emergency. The article presents an analysis of the scale of restrictions set during the first wave of the pandemic, and an attempt was made to compare their scope with solutions envisioned for the state of emergency.

Modern Tendencies of Professional Training of Aviation Personnel of Civil Aviation in the Leading Countries of the World

Scientific research is devoted to consideration of the concept of foreign experience of preparation of aviation personnel in aviation countries in the world. The relevance of the article is conditioned by world trends that are related to the fact that aviation becomes a major element in the development of many states. Accordingly, the appeal to problems arising within the framework of labor relations in the field of aviation is one of the significant components of the analysis. State regulation of aviation activity is aimed at guaranteeing the safety of aviation, ensuring the interests of the state, national security and the prevention of acts of illegal interference in civil aviation. The study of foreign experience in the preparation of aviation staffin aviation countries will provide a scientific study of promising areas for the development of education in the aviation industry in Ukraine, taking into account the existing experience in the field of aviation construction and operation of aircraft, deploy persistent activity to enhance aviation and professional orientation of aviation preparation. In this regard, out state is in dire need of creative use of innovation in the field of legal regulation of the preparation of aviation personnel in the world-recognized leaders of the economy and education in the field of aviation, transition to the way to improve the existing legal system of aircrafttraining in order to ensure high levels of education and professionalism of graduates, their general, aviation and professional culture, creation of a further basis for motivated, permanent increase in education, qualified skills of aviation specialists, their permanent professional growth and confident creative self-realization. Taking into account a high requirement in the presence of highly skilled aviation personnel at the modern market of labour in the process of eurointegration of Ukrainian society, it is necessary to connect present long-term experience of functioning of domestic school from training of aviation staffin Ukraine with the oversea systems of preparation of aviation personnel of some leading aviation countries of the world, such as France, Italy, Large Britain, USA.