- Author:
Piotr Szreniawski
- E-mail:
szreniawski@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl
- Institution:
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-0298
- Year of publication:
2020
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
527-537
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2020.05.38
- PDF:
ppk/57/ppk5738.pdf
The hierarchy rivalry theory is based on the perception of social reality as a rivalry between associations and rivalry of systems of norms. The state constitution is a collection of tops of hierarchies. A constitution can be changed for various reasons – sometimes the change is an attempt to transform reality, and sometimes it results from the ruling party’s attempt to maintain power. A constitutional change may be a revolution, understood as a process within the hierarchy, or an invasion resulting from external influence. The importance of the influence of ideology, but also of associations, on changes to the constitution should be recognized.
- Author:
Philip Fwaldin Kasuwa
- E-mail:
kasuwaphil@gmail.com
- Institution:
Pope John Paul II Catholic University in Lublin
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-6461
- Year of publication:
2022
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
63-82
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/npw20223403
- PDF:
npw/34/npw3403.pdf
A number of international sanctions have been placed on Russia since it launched an attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, in order to persuade the country to de-escalate the conflict. The sanctions imposed on Russia, while designed to harm the Russian economy, had unintended consequences on the world economy, primarily through the disruption of global supply chains. Energy supply shocks, commodities and trade supply shocks were all caused by the conflict. In many nations, this resulted in an increase in worldwide inflation. Despite the fact that Israel and Turkey were instrumental in mediating a peaceful end of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the economic fallout from the crisis continued to reverberate throughout Europe and beyond.
