The article is devoted to the study of the place, role and regulatory framework of economic security, identifying it as a key component in the national security system of Ukraine. The theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the categories of “economic security” and “national security” have been examined in this article. Objects and subjects of economic security of the state have been defined; the basic threats to economic security have been allocated. The purposes of the economic security system and the measures that must be provided to achieve it have been formed. It has been noted that the national security today is an important attribute of foreign, domestic and military policy of the state. A special place in the system of acts dealing with the ensuring of economic security the program constituent documents have, namely: strategies, concepts, doctrines that constitute a system of officially accepted views in the state, as they are constituent. Indicators of economic security have been identified, which are the most important indicators of the business situation in the economy and the effectiveness of the economic policy of the state. The national economic interests which are necessary to be considered at decision-making on maintenance of economic safety have been listed. 106 Valeriy Hnatenko Ensuring of the economic security is achieved through the development and implementation of a set of measures aimed to neutralize threats to economic security. The article outlines the main directions of the state policy in the field of economic security of the country. It has been concluded that the problem that had developed in the economy of Ukraine requires the development and implementation of economic security strategies for the short and long term, is actual as never before, and needs further researches.