This article aims to present military innovations in secondary schools in Poland and the possibilities for their use in processes strengthening national security. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland in Art. 5 and 26 impose an obligation on the authorities to ensure the security of the state and its citizens and to defend the state’s borders and the integrity of its territory. Therefore, it is important in this context to properly train and educate students in military secondary schools. The basis for reaching the conclusions presented here were the results of empirical research conducted among secondary school students enrolled in military classes in Poland. The type of statistical analysis used, segmentation, allowed subgroups of respondents to be identified with their percentage share in the total population and the characteristics that define them. Analysis of the research results makes it possible to distinguish categories of the defense potential of students of military classes such as their mobilization, social and individual potential. The content of the article also indicates the possibilities and needs for the development of the potential of students of military classes.