The aim of this paper is an analysis of the formation and functioning of the anti-corruption system of Ukraine: National Agency on Corruption Prevention, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office, National Bureau of Investigation and National Agency of Ukraine for finding, tracing and management of assets derived from corruption and other crimes. The study stresses that despite the strong regulatory framework created to prevent and combat it, corruption remains a systemic problem that exists at all levels of government in Ukraine. The above-mentioned bodies have been created taking into account the European experience in the formation of anti-corruption bodies in the system of government, their activities are aimed at overcoming corruption in the country. The article highlights the feasibility of the existence and functioning of anti-corruption bodies and substantiates the importance of all their powers in the field of preventing and combating corruption. It has been concluded that these bodies need further improvement to combat corruption more effectively.

The article purpose is to study digitalization of certain phases of Ukraine electoral processes, taking into account the European Union experience. The research design consists in a comparative analysis of electoral processes digitalization and its legislative provision. The article describes the legal field of EU electoral processes. The recommendations of the Council of Europe on e-voting standards are considered. The role of the administrator of the Ukraine State Voter Register is considered. The phases of electoral processes that require gradual digitalization are given. Scientific novelty of the study is to use a comparative approach in studying the electoral law of the EU and Ukraine. The research field is limited to the electoral law of the EU and Ukraine. The practical effects of the study make it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of digitalizing the phase of the electoral process. The scientific novelty of the study conducted in this article is to study the digital transformation restrictions at individual stages of electoral processes. The fundamental provisions in Ukrainian legislation on digitalization of electoral processes are determined. The article summarizes that the widespread means of electoral processes digitalization is the formation and updating of the voters registers and conducting their statistics. The author revealed that electoral processes digitalization has a fragmentary character in the EU countries, since the legal field in providing cyber security requires continuous improvement.

Legal Question to the Constitutional Tribunal. Expectations and Directions of Changes

This study is devoted to the analysis of the provision of Article 193 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, which authorizes each court to submit a legal question to the Polish constitutional court about the compliance of a normative act with the Constitution, ratified international treaties or the act, if the answer to a legal question depends on the resolution of a case pending before the court. It is worth considering the expectations and directions of changes of the analyzed institution against the background of the applicable legal provisions. The practice of applying a legal question to the Constitutional Tribunal needs to be examined. During these more than thirty-five years, the constitutional measure has undergone some transformations. The main goal of this work is to assess the title legal question through the prism of over three decades of its operation.