A much needed history awareness lesson for students. National tradition and the present day

This article focuses on the reflections from the period of lockdown and the risks brought by Covid-19 during Spring 2020. History is one of the key subjects that have a significant impact on the shaping of attitudes in a society, as well setting goals for the future, as well as the young. Historians teach how to interpret the past, important facts and essential universal values, and creativity in the pursuit of knowledge. The school education system should be open and implement a model based on showcasing different views and social phenomena. This is where the teachers and history lessons focus their efforts and work towards that common goal. The school education system allows the use of various sources of knowledge, teaching how to critically assess its content. It allows you to step beyond the textbook and support the formation of social awareness in the young generation.

This article is devoted to the presentation and analysis of the „Democracy in Education” all-Ukrainian study results aimed at highlighting the challenges arising in Ukrainian teacher education on the way to its democratic transformation. The analysis revealed the following challenges: The ambivalence of the definitions of democracy and its reduction to a „thin” understanding, the presence of rudiments of the Soviet system, distinguishing between active citizenship and political participation, lack of knowledge of the methods of integrative learning and cross-cutting skills among teacher educators. The research findings are significant for educational policy-making at the institutional and state levels.

The reform of education has always been an essential issue because it affects almost each element of the area. The paper discusses reforms with regard to the tasks schools will face in the future, including the position of teachers and pupils. The author considers basic tendencies of reform, emphasising the changes in teacher's work. The question of the school reform is seen as a permanent process that is connected with complex social, scientific and technological changes.

The Problem of Economization of Education in the View of the Polish Conservative Journalism

The article attempts to present the position of Polish conservatives towards the process of economization of education. The public speeches published in press and on the web portals were primarily analyzed. According to the Conservatives after 1989 there has been expansion of ideology (neo) liberal in Poland. The essence of the direction of changes was to subordinate the public life to economic problems. These trends included the sphere of education. The main aim of the reforms was to use education as a simple tool to realize economic interests. The material efficiency became the priority of polish school – the basic criterion for assessing the quality of education was the profit they generate. Education was given the maximum practical size, tailored to the needs of the labor market. These processes were critically diagnosed by conservatives. According to them the effect of economzation of education was to produce graduates with no broad horizons and rooted in a culture focused on production and consumption, and thus susceptible to propaganda and manipulation.