- Author:
Arkadiusz Czwołek
- E-mail:
batory@poczta.fm
- Institution:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Poland
- Year of publication:
2014
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
151-171
- DOI Address:
http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/npw2014208
- PDF:
npw/07/npw2014208.pdf
In 2010, Byelorussia undertook an ambitious plan to reduce dependence of its energy sector on supplies of Russian energy sources. In accordance with the adapter concept, participation of local fuels in the country’s energy balance is to increase from 20.7% in 2010 to 32% in 2020. Implementation of the strategy for increasing participation of local and renewable energy sources in the country’s energy and fuel balance encounters numerous problems. Insufficient financial resources, corruption scandals in the background, and problems with finding foreign investors seem to jeopardise chances for implementation of the government strategy concerning the renewable energy sources. Thus, Byelorussia will still remain a country strongly dependant on supplies of Russian natural gas.
- Author:
Nurul F. Sulaeman
- Author:
Yoshisuke Kumano
- Year of publication:
2019
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
66-77
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.19.56.2.05
- PDF:
tner/201902/tner5605.pdf
In line with the alteration from fossil toward new and renewable energy sources, students’ perception about new and renewable energy become critical and an instrument to measure their perception is needed. This article reports the development process of Students Perception Instrument of New and Renewable Energy (PINRE) through three development phases. After scales, subscales and items were designed, the review by experts and practitioners was done to fulfil and validate the content. A trial process was conducted with 229 students from 8 schools (grades 9 and 12) in three cities involved. Statistical and additional qualitative data suggest that the PINRE is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, PINRE provides an alternative of a useful instrument for educators and researchers who will measure students’ perceptions about new and renewable energy.
- Author:
Oleksandra Struk
- E-mail:
oleksandra.struk@uwm.edu.pl
- Institution:
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-9630
- Author:
Ihor Hurnyak
- E-mail:
hurnyakihor@gmail.com
- Institution:
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
- ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-2456
- Year of publication:
2024
- Source:
Show
- Pages:
35-55
- DOI Address:
https://doi.org/10.15804/ksm20240402
- PDF:
ksm/44/ksm4402.pdf
The article explores the evolving landscape of European energy security amidst geopolitical tensions and market dynamics. Despite the European Union’s efforts to protect consumer interests, access to its energy market has been restricted for nations disregarding international law, leading to shifts in pricing dynamics and trade patterns globally. Notably, market participants like African nations and Kazakhstan have gained influence, while China and India face challenges in their dealings with Russian energy. The study assesses the effectiveness of strategies adopted by energy market participants and their implications for investor sentiment, using Axelrod tournament simulations to analyse strategic choices. Insights from the competition reveal the advantage of active strategies and the importance of readiness for unexpected moves. Furthermore, the article examines the interaction of strategies within the energy market and their impact on competitiveness. It also presents the inclusion of crude oil within optimal investment portfolios and discusses the temporary retreat of European and American investors from renewable energy markets in vulnerable regions like Africa. The findings suggest a decline in investor interest in renewable energy ventures outside the EU, highlighting the complex interplay of geopolitical factors, market dynamics, and investor sentiment in shaping Europe’s energy security landscape.