The main aim of this article is to describe the system of higher education in Russia. Moscow is the biggest academic center in Russian Federation. There are about 60 universities. The largest and most popular are Moscow State University, The Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, International University in Moscow and Moscow State Institute of International Relations. They are two levels of higher education in Russia – Bachelor’s degree (4 years) and Master’s degree (2 years). Both could be obtained while studying full-time or part-time. After that, there is a possibility to finish postgraduate studies. Russian universities cooperate with many foreign educational institutions (including Polish universities). Not only do students have the opportunity to leave in Moscow but also study at Russian academies, for example, Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Moscow State Institute of International Relations and Diplomatic Academy.

Higher education in Moscow is affected by various problems. One of them is a decreasing level of education. In fact, students do their specializations, however the level of their general knowledge seems to be low. Furthermore, the education is commercialized since everyone would like to receive a Master’s degree. It suggests that in the near future not only will Russian society have a bigger cadre of professors but also more business and financial universities.

The article presents the results of exploring the purposes of using digital tools to support student learning at universities. This comprises some identified types of digital tools and the frequency of their use by academic staff, which varies due to their level of digital literacy. Then the collected data is provided concerning the numbers of academic staff using basic electronic communication methods. The above data were collected in Polish and Czech universities and later compared to each other. The presented study was conducted over the period 2015–2016 within the IRNet project – International research network for study and development of new tools and methods for advanced pedagogical science in the field of ICT instruments, e-learning and intercultural competences in Poland (University of Silesia, Faculty of Ethnology and Educational Science in Cieszyn) and the Czech Republic (University of Ostrava, Pedagogical Faculty). The undertaken research was aimed at recognizing academic teachers’ activities concerning their support in university students’ learning process.

This paper is a Central European contribution to the current knowledge of Erasmus students‘ motivations. It takes as its starting point the fact that one of the reasons for studying in a foreign country is learning about different cultures. 30 Erasmus students from 8 European countries, enrolled in Museum Education course in two academic years at the Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, participated in the research. The analysis of qualitative data, collected by individual interviews, a focus group and written personal reflections, revealed that, when making specific country and study decisions, students are driven by three motivational factors: discovery, change and curiosity. The research, done from the perspective of cultural heritage, additionally indicated how geography shapes the cultural experience of Erasmus students and what role museum and heritage site visiting play in it.

The aim of the presented study is to identify the attitudes of future teachers (in pre-service teacher education) toward Augmented Reality (AR) applications. The innovation experience was carried out in the academic year 2016/17. For the collection of data, the Augmented Reality Applications Attitude Scale (ARAAS), by Küçük, Yilmaz, Baydaş & Göktaş (2014), was adapted to the Spanish context. It is a Likert scale grouped into three dimensions that determine the attitudes of future teachers toward the use of AR applications in education, which are Relevance, Satisfaction and Reliability. In order to analyse data, the statistical software SPSS 23.0 was used. The Bartlett test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test for sampling adequacy were also conducted. Results of the study led to the following conclusions: the students developed a favourable attitude in their role as future teachers toward the use of AR applications as learning tools, which have also provided deep learning.

The purpose of the presented research was to explore, compare and describe the level of knowledge on selected issues concerning safety in cyberspace among people preparing for the profession of a pedagogue and a teacher, and to present opinions of the examined people on their attitudes towards the broadly understood media. The research was comparative and comprised a group of 519 students of pedagogical and educational majors of the University of Split (Croatia) and the University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland).

E-learning formula in higher education
In the first part of the article, e-learning definitions were characterized, and a short historical outline of e-learning in Poland was also presented. The following sections show the forms that are used in e-learning teaching. The disadvantages and advantages of teaching in the e-learning formula were further illustrated. Author presented the research on students’ opinions in e-learning education. At the end of the article, the aspect of implementing an e-learning form for traditional teaching has been discussed as an effective method of acquiring knowledge.

The article outlines Beck’s major concepts in order to show some theoretical frameworks for the study on migration, young people and possible conflict-laden interactions between them. The example of Poland seems to be particularly relevant to the discussion about the validity of Beck’s contribution to the understanding of divisions, contradictions, and desires of the global generation. Although Poland is not perceived as a country of immigration, many young people declare their greater orientation to migration. However, many young people also appear very reluctant to accept immigration to Poland. The article attempts to consider some explanations for this reluctance. The study is descriptive and designed to explore new perspectives. The main goal of the article is to start discussion about generational interconnectedness in times of rapid migration and set up a research agenda for work on Polish young people in a described framework.

Students’ free option power of learning is an important part of students’ power of learning. It emphasizes respect for students’ learning rights and freedom, so that students have a certain freedom of learning choice. In the theory and practice of Chinese higher education, undergraduates’ free option power of learning has long been weakened and restricted by various factors. This study provides an understanding of the current situation of undergraduates’ free option power of learning through 20 interviews with undergra duates from a university in Central China in a pilot project, whose purpose was to provide students with freedom in selecting higher education options. The interviews address three areas where students were given the option to select: (a) learning content, (b) learning processes, and (c) learning environments. Discussion follows on the problems experienced by Chinese undergraduates’ in the free option power of learning project. Lastly, as China hopes to expand this project beyond the pilot, we advance recommendations to promote effective implementation of the free option power of learning of Chinese undergraduates, such as: (a) establishing sound laws to ensure the effective implementation of the power of students; (b) empowering undergraduates to have more choice to choose and change their majors; (c) carrying out the flexible program duration to let students have free choice of getting credits; and (d) establishing a sound and perfect transfer mechanism to let students have more choice of universities.

For centuries there has been Polish-language education in Lithuania which results from the centuries-long presence and tradition of the Polish national minority in this country. Polish education in Lithuania has its successes, but also problems that arise from the political and cultural specificity of the issue. On the one hand, it should be noted that in no other country (except Poland) there are as many state-run schools with Polish language of instruction as in Lithuania, on the other – it must be said that currently Polish-language education in Lithuania has become the source of many tensions in Poland and Lithuania inter-state relations. Polish education in Lithuania was a problem for the communist authorities of Soviet Lithuania, and now – for the authorities of independent Lithuania, which undertake both assimilation and integration activities concerning several thousand students and teachers of these schools. The first part of the article presents the situation of Polish-language education in the period of Soviet Lithuania between 1945 and 1990, marking the desperate struggle of parents and teachers to maintain the Polish language of teaching in these schools. The second chapter analyses the issue during the years of independent Lithuania – between 1990 and 2017, emphasizing the revival of Polish education in 1990–2000 and the persistent pursuit of the Polish minority society in Lithuania of ensuring education in Polish and maintain the existing state. The third chapter examines the indicator of higher education of the Polish minority in Lithuania against a national background, signifying that it was twice lower than the national average throughout the whole period. Moreover, it presents the funding of universities by ‘student basket’ model and proportion of school graduates with Polish language of instruction in this model and assesses the prospect of solving the problem.

Bologna Process and the condition of higher education in Poland

Higher education in the era of globalization, the growing specialization, interdisciplinarity, internationalization – is constantly evolving. With the Bologna process of european education adapts to the changes. In particular, the changes in the way education at the tertiary level, the introduction of quality standards, the promotion of mobility, creating a universal comparable qualifications framework. The article describes the history of the Bologna Process; characterized tools to achieve the main objectives; made a preliminary assessment of the state of higher education in Poland compared to other European countries; an attempt to identify future prospects, developments and challenges.

This paper aims to explore internationalization awareness and commitment of higher education in Indonesia. Since there are no publications on internationalization awareness and commitment for Indonesian higher education, this paper fills this gap. This qualitative case study involved 15 lecturers from an Indonesian university. This study used semi-structured interviews and data from the interviews were analyzed thematically. The research findings reveal that the internationalization of curriculum indicates awareness of internationalization by inviting experts and adapting curricula from developed countries. In addition, the commitment of internationalization was marked by the increasing quantity of international publications and collaboration with domestic and global agencies. The internationalization process faces both cultural and practical constraints. The finding suggests that there should be more elements of internationalization to indicate the preparation and the implementation of internationalization.

At the beginning of 21st century, we are witnessing a global transformation of the generational dynamics that exacerbate intra-generational tensions across ethnic lines. Amid crises, global challenges and deep-seated insecurity are interwoven with the turmoil of the present. With the instability of an increasingly complex world, young people are highly exposed to the forces of global risks. All young people are affected, but not all young people equally. Therefore, global generations break down into different fractions in a conflictual relationship with each other. This article outlines Beck’s major concepts in order to show some theoretical frameworks for the study on global generations. The focus is on the role of the university that should play in the contemporary world. The example of Poland seems to be particularly relevant to the discussion about the validity of Beck’s contribution to understanding of divisions, contradictions, and desires of the global generations. Many young Poles appear to be open for migratory experiences, but at the same time, they are reluctant to accept immigration to Poland. The article attempts to explore some contexts of mixed feelings about migration such as individuality and insecurity, media and the culture of catastrophe, education and neoliberal agenda. Nevertheless, the main goal of the article is to reconsider the role of education in times of rapid migration and generational interconnectedness.

Nowadays, creativity is a growing value due to its close relationship with problem solving and entrepreneurship. In this paper, we present the actions that are being carried out in the Children’s Education Workshop of the University of Cadiz in relation to the promotion of creativity with 3D technology. The actions are being carried out in both Higher Education and Early Childhood Education (ECE). On the one hand, we are working with the design and creation of didactic material with 3D technology with our students in initial training and future pre-school teachers, and on the other hand, with children from pre-school stage through the theory of Gardner’s multiple intelligences and 3D technology.

Corporatizing university is among the typical strategic of higher education (HE) management that enables developed countries to successfully position their universities among the best ones in the world. In Indonesia, the varying quality of universities is influenced by several factors: limited funding, inadequate facilities, meager quality of lecturers and researchers, inefficient management, and ineffective use of public spending. Teese emerged as symptoms that point to a deep-seated obstacle faced by Indonesian universities, i.e., an inappropriate university management and financing model. This study attempted to reveal the essential problem underlying the symptoms and share some thoughts of how to resolve them. It is concluded that corporatizing university in the country is considered among the most effective strategies to establish world-class universities in the archipelago.

The paper contains advanced statistical analysis, original methods and a significant contribution to the claim that measurement of reflexivity is possible. It is based on original empirical research using a sample of 334 students from different faculties and educational levels. It utilises a qualitative questionnaire containing a 4-level reflexivity scale, designed by Kember et al. (2000), translated into the Polish language and context. The aim of the study was to identify whether students’ reflexivity levels can be associated with the level of their study, taking into account possible masking effects of their age. Differences were tested for faculty and system of training (full time or part-time). Analysis confirms the strongest relation between reflexive thinking, system of tuition and level of studies. There was no connection found between reflexive thinking and the faculty of study or the respondents’ gender.

This paper presents the process of reviewing a lato sensu postgraduate course in marketing offered at a Brazilian business school. Changes were implemented to adapt the course to the job market demands. The results of the quantitative phase of the research showed that the course had many opportunities for improvement, especially regarding the course methodology. The results of the qualitative stage indicate an opportunity for improvement of the course contents by updating them and ensuring they adhere to professional practice. The redesign process of the course was based on the competency-based curriculum.

Design thinking - a chance for innovation in higher education institutions

Design thinking as a way of reasoning is becoming more and more popular nowadays. Originated in business and transferred to other areas, it is now being implemented even in education and science. With its four or five steps in the whole process, interdisciplinary teams can solve every problem and find a solution which meets the needs and expectations of the end-users. This approach has also been successfully implemented in higher education institutions and it is through that HEIs are becoming more open and efficient in their cooperation with business, public administration, NGOs and other stakeholders.

This study focuses on the effect that internationalization of higher education has on the nation branding of South Korea. To better understand the role that international students in higher education play in nation branding, research is needed on the actual experiences of international students in the country. In this study, current and former African university students’ experiences living and studying in South Korea are investigated. This study, therefore, uses the nation branding framework within the context of South Korea and the role of higher education as an image enhancement strategy geared toward global public inclusion; its focus is on the experiences of African students. In order to obtain multiple perspectives on African student experiences, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire. The empirical evidence obtained in this study demonstrates that African students’ experiences in South Korea are relevant in their perceptions of the host country. The results suggest the positive impact that the South Korean government has on improving the country’s image through encouragement of internationalization of higher education, especially among African students who come to the country for their tertiary education.

In the framework of special didactics, students in study programmes in the field of education develop a range of skills and abilities needed for teaching the content prescribed by the curriculum. Art is one of these subjects. In a  qualitative empirical research study we examined the efficacy of a method for developing art appreciation. The sample in the study consisted of students from five different European countries. Students observed J.R. Gerada’s artistic work systematically, concurrently recording their findings. The empirical study confirmed the adequacy of such an approach, since most of the students were able to experience, internalise and individually interpret the artwork.

Acquisition of digital skills by faculty members is a significantly important step when it comes to integrating ICT in teaching. In light of that, this study aims to describe and analyse faculty members’ training in ICT in all faculties of education within Spanish public universities. The paper hereby presented describes results from 1,145 professors, obtained by an ad hoc online questionnaire. Both data and results have been obtained from one of the instrument dimensions: received teaching training and professors’ perception of their own training. This instrument consists of 25 items. Results show the need for more profound training regarding the optimisation of ICT didactic and pedagogic potential in class, as well as an integrated approach to pedagogy, digital literacy and knowledge.