Adaptation of the Polish Defense Industry to Changes in Defense Doctrines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The aim of the article is to analyze the adaptation of the Polish defense industry to changes in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s defense doctrines. On March 12, 2020, it was 21 years of Poland’s membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The membership in the Alliance has undoubtedly contributed to the transformation of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and infrastructure investments in the country’s defense base. However, it should be stated that the possibilities related to the offset liabilities have not been used fully.

American Poles on the frontlines of the Great War: contemporary symbol and content

The premise of this paper is to collect in a systematic way the existing research findings related to documenting the participation of Poles and Americans of Polish origin fighting in the ranks of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). The primary objective of the paper is to analyze the historical, military, and political dimensions of this participation. The paper is a study in historical politics, which translates into contemporary realities and concepts of political solutions. The following methods have been used as research tools: the historical, comparative, and statistical methods, as well as an analysis of the content of the press, in particular the Polish-American press. The subject matter required specifically a problem- oriented approach, but also a chronological one, documenting political and social processes directly related to the war, occurring after its end and translating into contemporary events. This paper is a broader exploration of this issue.

The article outlines the central tenets of Lithuania’s new foreign policy, which is anchored in its ambition to play a pivotal role within the NATOfocused Eastern Partnership, particularly with regard to Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova. The aim is to foster democratization in these regions and facilitate their prospective integration into NATO. The authors present two key arguments. First, Lithuania’s capacity to influence NATO decisions is limited in at least four domains: economic, political, organizational, and military. Second, Lithuania’s efforts to assert its stance, as exemplified during the Vilnius summit, did not consistently align with the interests of major NATO members, specifically the United States and Germany.