Most of the nineteenth-century historians from Cracow did not pay particular attention to Jewish residents. Cracow in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was an economically developing city. The new investments had been taken and purchased, so that Cracow was seen as a modern and friendly city for its inhabitants.

In 1848–1914 a new model of entrepreneur was created in Galicia. Some entrepreneurs from Cracow were taking innovative actions and focusing on development. The enterprises have been transformed in such areas as the ownership, production and organization. The large group of entrepreneurs among the Cracow inhabitants constituted the Jewish population. The subject of this article is to outline the characteristics of the activities of Jewish entrepreneurs in Cracow.

The issue undertaken in this article concentrates on entrepreneurship as the key competence of the teachers of preschool and early school children in Poland. A hypothesis was made that developing this competence in the course of professional teacher training is the condition of effective children education. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted with a sample of 232 head teachers of schools and kindergartens (public and private ones). The presented results of the research tackle expectations of employers towards recruited teachers with regards to this competence. Accomplishment of the research project allowed for formulating recommendations for teacher training within the framework of education for entrepreneurship by indicating directions and areas of implementing necessary changes.

It is assumed in the literature on the subject as well as in the guidelines of the European Union (Recommendations 2006, p. 13) that entrepreneurship will make it possible for young people to adapt to the employment market and participate in not only professional but also social and personal adult life in an effective and satisfactory manner. The category of entrepreneurship, understood as a personal feature, an att itude, an activity mode and a path of individual and institutional development, is a focal point in the presented article. These perspectives point at the conditions that should be met by educational institutions to promote the development of entrepreneurship.

A simulation company is a centre for practical vocational training, where a simulation method is used while maintaining external contacts with other companies. The most important goal of this type of projects is to nurture practical skills oriented towards international labour market. From a pedagogical perspective, a simulation company trains students’ economic thinking, enables them to familiarise with legal and economic foundations of entrepreneurship, develops innovation and facilitates the improvement of foreign language skills, including the specifics of a given industry. The aim of the paper is to present simulation companies, taking into account the principles of their organisation and genesis. Hereinafter, the author presents the Achievers International project as an example of an implementation of a simulation company into school settings.

The article analyzes current state of economic activity in the field of cinematography in Ukraine and offers several approaches to its classification, in accordance with criteria defined by legislation of Ukraine. In particular, the following criteria of classification are proposed: parties involved into the activity and corporate objects, purpose of activity, availability of special terms (licensing, patenting, quotas), availability of state support. Emphasis is placed on lack of the term “type of cinematographic activity” in the relevant legislation of Ukraine. Both positive and negative aspects of economic activity in the cinematographic industry which currently affect the activities of economic entities are considered. Examples of different types of cinematographic activity in Ukraine are given as perceived through the prism of entrepreneurship and economic relations in general. Recommendations have been developed aimed to improve the state of cinematographic legislation in Ukraine - both at the level of laws and by-laws. Main types of cinematographic activity in Ukraine are substantiated and singled out on the basis of conducted research.

At the time of an economic crisis and its psychological consequences the attitudes and activity of young adults, who are just starting their vocational life, are of great significance. Graduates from colleges and universities are a very important group among them. Their abilities have an impact upon the intellectual potential of the country’s economy, and consequently upon its novelty. The presented research concentrated upon the knowledge of graduates about ongoing changes and tendencies in the labour market, and their ability to communicate their needs in this respect. The study comprised 602 students of the final years of B.A. and M.A. studies, since they are confronted with making a decision concerning their future jobs. Decisions made at that time have a long-lasting influence on the quality of their life. It is therefore worthwhile to acquire better knowledge on the inner motives of their choices.

This article begins with an argument for changes in the concept of the teacher’s role during the period of realization of the objectives of the Lisbon process. European countries have a number of objective reasons for increasing the quality of general and professional education and training. The intentional formation of the entrepreneurial spirit as a personal quality and potential entrepreneurial competence as the condition for effective entrepreneurship have a significant position within the scope of these. The new role of the teacher – the role of facilitator and instigator of personal development of individuals in the sense of their more effective participation in economic growth and social processes requires creation of a new scientific discipline – the didactics of entrepreneurial education and at the same time also a new model for preparation of teachers for its realization in practice within the scope of pre-graduate or postgraduate preparation. Similarly to other didactics this science must endeavour to transform knowledge about entrepreneurship into a didactic system, which determines the target and procedural parameters of the educational process, taking into account the profile of the graduate, the age of the educated people and other external and internal conditions of this process. Creation of the foundations of the didactics of entrepreneurial education enables preparation of its executors – teachers of all levels, lecturers or tutors active in education of adults. This article informs of the solutions of the Comenius 2.1. Teach@ESPRIT Developing Entrepreneurial Spirit In European Teacher Training for Vocational Education project during the years 2004–2007, which the Centre for further education of the Department of Education of the University of Ostrava participates in. This paper informs on progress in a pilot course for verifying the pedagogical efficiency of a national module “Introduction to Entrepreneurship”.