This article presents the difficult agricultural situation in the voivodeship of Kraków in the period from 1945 to 1949 as compared to the conditions present before the World War II. It shows the general principles of how agricultural farms functioned, the way land tax was collected, the quota collected from the farmers, the fertilization conditions in the voivodeship, the crop and animal production. The article also refers to the prices of basic farming products and other products that were binding in that period.