The issue of tobacco planting and cultivation is part of the tobacco industry. The article presents the diseases of the tobacco plant in 50s of the twentieth century. One of the greatest problems related to the execution of cultivation requirements is the issue of plant protection against various diseases. The battle against the diseases of the tobacco plant was carried out in two fundamental ways. The first one included countless research initiatives, due to which it was possible to introduce new, resistant varieties of tobacco, whereas the second one focused on agrotechnical methods of combating diseases, and was based mainly on preventive measures.