The Juridical power in selected postyugoslave states – Slovenia and Croatia

The government in the Republic of Slovenia is organized on the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches. Judicial power is exercised by the courts. The judiciary is autonomous and independent. The courts administer justice according to the Constitution and law, as well as according to international agreements and treaties in force. Judges and lay assessors participate in the administration of justice in conformity with the law. In the Republic of Slovenia the administration of justice is carried out by 44 district courts, 11 regional courts, 4 higher courts: labour courts and social court, Higher Labour and Social Court, the Administrative Court of the Republic of Slovenia and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia. In addition to courts with general jurisdiction, there are 4 labour courts and 1 social court. There are responsible for ruling on individual and collective labour-related disputes and on social disputes. For second-degree ruling the Higher Labour and Social Court is responsible.

Officials authorized to perform procedural actions in the extraterritorial space of Ukraine

In the article, the author, first of all, defines the concept of extraterritorial space and its structural elements, it helps to determine the scope of officials. In accordance with the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code, officials who are authorized to perform procedural actions in the extraterritorial space of Ukraine are indicated. However, the author points to gaps and conflicts of criminal procedure law related to these officials. The article also analyzes the process of replacing an official authorized to carry out procedural actions on the territory of diplomatic missions and consular posts of Ukraine abroad, on aircraft, sea or river vessels outside Ukraine under the flag or with the identification mark of Ukraine, if this vessel is assigned to port located in Ukraine. It is noted that the issue of criminal procedural jurisdiction over the crew of the object, which is launched into space is not regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, does not determine the official authorized to perform procedural actions and the mechanism of its replacement is absent. In the conclusions, the author proposes amendments to the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine in order to fill the gaps and resolve conflict issues.

The research goal of this paper is to develop a two-dimensional catalogue of security threats related to areas beyond national jurisdiction, taking into account specific features of each area and its legal regime. The catalogue of threats will take the form of a matrix where each area beyond national jurisdiction will be juxtaposed with five categories of threats: political, military, ecological, economic and human security. The matrix will visualize which threats are of relevance to the security of a particular area beyond national jurisdiction as well as which threats originating in a particular area beyond national jurisdiction are of relevance to the security of States and the whole international community.

Problem of the Limits of the Constituional Tribunal Jurisdiction over EU Treaties. Debate Regarding Case file ref. no. K 3/21

The article begins with an examination of the doctrinal debate surrounding the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal, which declared certain provisions of the Treaty on European Union to be unconstitutional. The Tribunal took over a year to provide written justification, covering crucial topics in constituional law and the EU law such as primacy, subsidiarity, and constitutional identity. One of the notable changes was the Tribunal’s new approach to jurisdiction over the Treaties. The article, which has a doctrinal and interpretive nature, discusses and critiques the Tribunal’s arguments. The author believes that the question is not whether the Tribunal has the power to review the treaties, but what the constitutional limits of this power are. The article offers suggestions on how to limit the Tribunal’s jurisdiction.