The constitutional principle of economic freedom and COVID-19 – interventionism in the pandemic situation

The purpose of the article is to analyse the concept of economic freedom as a constitutional right in Poland, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to synthetically evaluate the intervention actions taken by government in the economic area – their nature and scope. Descriptive analysis and statistical data analysis of the economic impact of the pandemic were used. The research work points to the intensification of state interventionism while limiting economic freedom. This phenomenon, seemingly negative, should be assessed positively, because the actions taken by government actually limit the multidimensional consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Economic LONG COVID – Constitutional Context and Economic Perspective

The aim of this article is the analysis of the constitutional context of government interventions of the European Union states as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an indication of the effects on economic freedom. An analysis was made of the constitutional provisions of the European Union member states in shaping the economic system and economic freedom guarantees, as well as a comparative analysis of three economic freedom indicators: Index of Economic Freedom, Economic Freedom of the World and The Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker. Research showed that despite the constitutional guarantees of economic freedom, the scope and intensity of the preventive measures undertaken by the governments in order to counteract the health, social, and economic effects of the pandemic may cause a long-term restriction of freedom and democracy. The conclusions presented in this article are the result of research that is a continuation of analyses, the synthesis of which is presented in the publication „The constitutional principle of economic freedom and COVID-19 – state interventionism in pandemic conditions” (“Constitutional Law Review” 2021, no. 5/63).

Analysis of the possibility of building a credit risk model

FinAi has undertaken a project focused on the development of an innovative credit risk model utilizing alternative data sources, such as data from social media platforms (Facebook, LinkedIn) and mobile phone records. This project was co-financed through the European Regional Development Fund under a funding agreement between FinAi S.A. and the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), headquartered in Warsaw. The initial phase of the project involved the collection of data and their utilization in constructing a network graph of customer relationships. Furthermore, leveraging external data as well as data managed by FinAi, specific indicators were formulated. These indicators were employed under the supervision of experts to train a predictive model that incorporated graph structures. The model thus constructed was to exhibit a higher predictive capability compared to conventional models commonly employed within the industry. The study explored the feasibility of creating a credit risk model based on the acquired data and assessed the quality of data originating from alternative sources. It was demonstrated that alternative data sources were populated for a small fraction of the population, and their quality has proven unsatisfactory. The scale of the dataset proved inadequate for establishing a robust credit risk model or attaining a competitive advantage over the models in use within banking institutions.

Duchess Anna Sapieżyna née Zamoyskas busy life. Duchess Annas activity in the Sapieżyński estate

The article concerns certain aspects of economic activities of Anna Sapieżyna, with special emphasis placed on the territories of Congress Poland and Taken Lands on the east of the Bug river. The author focuses on the financial situation of the landed properties and how the duchess managed them. Anna Sapieżyna (1772–1858) was married to Aleksander Sapieha in 1794. In 1799, she gave birth to her daughter Anna, and in 1803 to her son Leon. In 1817, the daughter married A.J. Czartoryski. After the fall of the November Uprising in 1831, the duchess strived to save the family fortune from confiscation by the tsar as punishment for her son and son in laws participation in the Uprising. The duchess managed the rescued properties by herself, and was the sole decision-maker, with the employees only following her instructions. In the landed properties, an early version of crop rotation was implemented. The duchess had a good understanding of the mechanisms of the financial market. The money from the agricultural activities was invested in banks and exchange offices, various European markets as well as bonds issued by Congress Poland, Prussia and Russia. The returns were then invested into land properties in France, the Grand Duchy of Posen and Galicia.